Background Various procedures can now be utilized for the correction of alar rim defect, most notably alar rim grafts and local flap transplantation. However, each of these procedures possesses inherent limitations. In this retrospective case series, we present a novel approach using auricular composite tissue grafting for the treatment of alar rim defect. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 15 patients who underwent auricular composite tissue grafting. The surgical procedure included incision, release of nasal alar mucosa surrounding the alar rim, and subsequently harvest and transplantation of composite tissue from the antihelix region to the defect area. Surgical outcomes were assessed by standardized photographic measurements of alar height and a previously validated patient satisfaction questionnaire. Results No postoperative local necrosis, infection, or delayed wound healing occurred in any patients. Three patients underwent secondary surgery to achieve an enhanced aesthetic results. Mild contraction and scar color mismatch were observed at 3–6 months after the operation. By 1 year, the scars were almost indistinguishable. During long-term follow-up, two patients presented mild retraction of the graft. Overall, 87% of the patients were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery. Conclusion Auricular composite tissue grafting appears to be a feasible technique for the repair of alar rim deformities, providing satisfactory aesthetic outcomes and high patient satisfaction.

Sprayable proteinic adhesive microgel-based immunosuppressive therapeutic coating for effective xenograft transplantation.

Clues From Strange New Antigens: How Skin Responds to Nonself.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic and predominantly microvascular and neuropathic complication in more severe or chronic cases of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by chronic nonhealing wounds, vascular impairment, and delayed healing process, leading to severe complications, limb amputations, and increased mortality. With an annual incidence rate of approximately 2%, DFU poses a significant global healthcare and economic burden. Despite its prevalence, current treatment options remain limited, necessitating the urgent need for a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular pathways or mechanisms to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Present work is emphasized on molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of DFU and current and emerging therapeutic interventions for the treatment of DFU. Due to its high prevalence, multifaceted pathophysiology, and significant healthcare and economic burden, a thorough understanding of molecular pathways underlying DFU is essential to develop precise therapeutic interventions to improve clinical outcome and reduce the healthcare burden associated with DFU. Several therapeutic interventions have been utilized, like modulators of key signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and Notch), repurposed pharmacological agents (e.g. metformin, colchicine, deferoxamine, and lithium carbonate), and advanced local treatments such as bioactive hydrogels and next-generation dressings. Furthermore, regenerative approaches like gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, therapeutic peptides, and 3D-bioprinted adipose tissue constructs provide a promising strategy for restoring tissue integrity and promoting healing.

SummaryExposure to a younger system can induce organismal rejuvenation, yet whether all tissues can be rejuvenated and by what mechanisms remains understudied. We performed heterochronic and isochronic transplantation of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) between young and old mice and longitudinally tracked changes in biological age. Transplantation accelerated tissue aging, and the molecular age of grafts shifted toward that of the host. Most importantly, old WAT was rejuvenated in a young body. Epigenetic and transcriptomic clocks revealed a reduction of predicted age, accompanied by coordinated activation of canonical and previously unrecognized thermogenic pathways. Molecular rejuvenation was further supported by architectural changes toward a youthful state, including reduced lipid droplet size and decreased cellular heterogeneity. Mitochondrial abundance and morphology remained unchanged, while collagen deposition increased. These results demonstrate that WAT biological age is partially reversible and identify molecular and cellular features underlying its rejuvenation

The global shortage of organs and tissues highlights the need to strengthen and monitor the quality of deceased donor programs. Evaluating each stage of this process using quality-sensitive indicators is essential to ensure transparency, efficiency, safety, and effectiveness. However, there is still no consensus on which indicators best reflect the quality of organ and tissue donation processes, highlighting the need to map and analyze existing evidence. The aim of this study was to map and analyze international literature on indicators for monitoring the quality of the process of deceased organ and tissue donation for transplantation. This review will be conducted following the methodology proposed by the JBI and guidelines for scope reviews. The databases, portals, and directories to be searched included MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), Business Source Complete (EBSCO), VHL Virtual Health Library; gray literature will be sought on Google Scholar, OpenGrey (GreyNet), CAPES Theses and Dissertations, Global ETD Search (formerly the Union Catalog), Open Access Theses and Dissertations, and websites of organ and tissue donation and transplant organizations. Studies in any language and published after 1980 will be considered for inclusion. A wide range of study designs will be included, encompassing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research, as well as relevant gray literature on organ and tissue donation and transplantation. Two reviewers will screen the studies, paying attention to the eligibility criteria. The data will be extracted by means of specific variables and presented in categories according to the evaluative triad structure, process, and result, and by the pillars of quality proposed by Avedis Donabedian in the form of diagrams, tables, charts, and narrative synthesis. The evidence on quality indicators for organ and tissue donation processes is conceptually diverse. This scoping review will provide an overview of existing studies, identify gaps in current knowledge, and guide future research on the development and validation of quality indicators. Open Science Framework osf.io/ymuvj/.

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is currently the only feasible method for preserving both fertility and ovarian endocrine function in prepubertal females. It is indicated for those requiring gonadotoxic therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or bone marrow transplantation for malignant diseases, as well as for non-malignant diseases, including immunologic, metabolic, and hematologic benign diseases requiring bone marrow transplantation, and other populations at high risk of premature ovarian insufficiency. The procedure involves laparoscopic retrieval of ovarian tissue, followed by slow-programmed cryopreservation. When the primary disease is cured and fertility or hormonal function restoration is desired, the tissue is thawed and transplanted, most commonly to an orthotopic site. For patients at high risk of ovarian malignancy, pre-transplantation assessment of minimal residual disease in the ovarian cortex is performed using histopathology and molecular biology techniques. Globally, while ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation has led to over 300 live births, the majority result from tissue cryopreserved after puberty. Successful restoration of puberty and subsequent live births following transplantation of tissue frozen before puberty, although demonstrated in reported cases, remain less common. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the indications, current application status, timing and strategies of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation, risk assessment of tumor cell reintroduction, and clinical outcomes in prepubertal patients. It also discusses the potential value and current challenges of combining this approach with invitro oocyte maturation techniques, aiming to provide practical references for clinical practice.

In Vietnam, the Law on donation, collection, transplantation of human tissues and donation and collection of corpses was issued in 2006. This issue has also been regulated in the 2005 and 2015 Civil Code. However, the enforcement of the law on organ donation still faces many challenges. This problem is not only in Vietnam but also in worldwide. In this article, the authors analyze the practical problems that countries around the world are facing when enforcing the law on organ donation. From there, it is related to the current situation of Vietnamese law and withdraw lessons that can be drawn to overcome these limitations and challenges in the future.

The number of patients with limb loss and permanent disability is steadily increasing. Hand prostheses are the most common method of rehabilitation, but even the most advanced bionic prostheses have many disadvantages and do not provide sufficient quality of life. Hand allotransplantation is the only alternative method. The authors present the first successful Russian experience of hand allotransplantation. After 3 months, the patient returned to work and used the hand in daily activities with functional result exceeding that for bionic prosthesis. Thus, there was successful result of treatment. Transplantation of complex tissues (hands, face) should be introduced into clinical practice and become an integral part of modern transplantation and reconstructive surgery, including consequences of mine-blast wounds.

Inequities for sexual- and gender-minoritized (SGM) populations in organ and tissue donation and transplantation (OTDT) have been identified. We aimed to understand the awareness and attitudes of community members who are SGM regarding current SGM-relevant policies, policy gaps, and policy alternatives in Canadian OTDT systems. We conducted an online, cross-sectional, Canada-wide survey of members of the Two-Spirit, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and more (2SGBTQI+) communities (June-September 2024). Questionnaire development adhered to current survey science recommendations. We present descriptive data as counts and proportions. We analyzed responses from a convenience sample of 2,276 participants from across Canada. Most participants self-identified as White cisgender gay men. Prior to questionnaire completion, only 17% (257/1,497) of participants were aware that men who have sex with men are considered "increased infectious risk donors" in OTDT and cannot donate tissues, and 20% (302/1,512) were aware that they may only donate organs if the benefit to the recipient is deemed to outweigh the risk. Of the respondents, 18% (270/1,535) did not realize that potential donors are screened on the basis of sex assigned at birth as opposed to self-identified gender identity. On average, 23% (1,406/6,084) of participants perceived these policies as nondiscriminatory. Of the respondents, 60% (1,865/3,115) supported gender-neutral, behavior-focused donor risk assessments that were data-driven. Most participants reported a willingness to donate organs (79%; 1,237/2,276) and tissues (72%; 1,123/2,276) after death. People in Canada who self-identify as 2SGBTQI+ perceived current OTDT policies to be discriminatory and in need of equitable revision. Evidence-based behavioral and gender-neutral donor risk criteria were preferred over identity-based criteria. The majority of survey participants who identify as SGM were willing to donate organs and tissues despite current system inequities. Health Canada should revise current donor risk assessment criteria to ensure they are data-driven and optimize access and safety to OTDT in Canada.

BackgroundAcetabular cartilage delamination (ACD) is a common complication of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) that can lead to progressive osteoarthritis if left untreated. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent irreversible joint damage. However, the radiological diagnosis of ACD is challenging and there is no clear treatment algorithm for this condition.PurposeThis systematic review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of diagnosis and treatment of ACD in patients with FAI.Study designSystematic reviewMethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed database was conducted using relevant search terms related to FAI and ACD. Articles that met the inclusion criteria and focused on diagnosis and treatment of ACD were selected and reviewed.ResultsDiagnostic imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) showed promise in detecting ACD in patients with FAI, although their accuracy varied across studies. MRI demonstrated satisfactory sensitivity and specificity along with moderate interobserver reliability in detecting ACD. However, MRA showed inconsistent results, with some studies reporting poor sensitivity due to limited joint distensibility. Treatment options for ACD included conservative management, arthroscopic debridement, microfracture, fibrin adhesive, microfragmented adipose tissue transplantation (MATT), and chitosan-based scaffolds. Studies have reported favorable outcomes with various surgical techniques, although long-term follow-up data are limited.ConclusionAdvanced imaging techniques are valuable tools for diagnosing ACD in patients with FAI; however, challenges remain in terms of achieving optimal sensitivity and specificity. Surgical interventions, including arthroscopic techniques and tissue augmentation with fibrin adhesive, MATT, and chitosan-based scaffolds, have shown promise in restoring cartilage integrity and improving clinical outcomes. Further research is required to refine the diagnostic criteria and establish optimal treatment algorithms for ACD in patients with FAI.Key termsacetabular cartilage delamination, femoroacetabular impingement, early diagnosis, advanced imaging techniques

The most prevalent complication following total thyroidectomy is hypoparathyroidism. Permanent hypoparathyroidism poses a significant medical burden, necessitating lifelong medication and regular follow-up. Parathyroid transplantation has demonstrated its biological efficacy and is therefore widely utilized in total thyroidectomy procedures. However, the mechanisms and treatment approaches vary considerably, lacking standardized guidelines. We conducted a narrative review of relevant literature on PubMed using the keywords "Parathyroid gland, transplantation, autotransplantation, allotransplantation, hypoparathyroidism, total thyroidectomy" to elucidate the surgical management and future prospects for permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PPH). Preservation of the parathyroid gland blood supply and prevention of inadvertent parathyroid removal during thyroid surgery, performed by a skilled surgeon, are crucial for preventing PPH. Parathyroid autotransplantation (PAT) during thyroidectomy significantly reduces the occurrence of PPH. For established PPH, alternative techniques include transplantation of autologous cryopreserved parathyroid tissue (PT) and parathyroid allotransplantation. Current management of PPH primarily encompass high-dose vitamin D and calcium supplementation, parathyroid hormone (PTH) replacement therapy, and autologous or allogeneic transplantation of parathyroid. Ongoing research is expanding the therapeutic landscape to include novel approaches such as stem cell-derived therapies and recombinant human PTH (rhPTH) replacement.

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived chondrogenic tissues represent a promising alternative for treating cartilage defects in chronic degenerative joint conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA). Cartilage tissue has limited self-repair capacity, and although allogeneic transplantation has potential, a less invasive delivery method could enhance the efficacy of cell-based therapies. The aim of this study was to develop iPSC-derived “minimal injectable unit” chondrogenic micropellets (MIUChons) for delivery via intra-articular injections for OA therapy. To create transplantable allogeneic cartilage tissue, we optimized good manufacturing practice or clinical-grade production of iPSC-derived injectable chondrogenic spheroids and tested them in OA animal models. MIUChons were delivered to damaged cartilage through a single injection. In vivo and in vitro analyses demonstrated that MIUChon treatment effectively reduced cartilage degeneration and deterioration. In addition, injecting MIUChons into the intra-articular cavity improved arthritis symptoms. Overall, MIUChons offer a strategy for treating cartilage deterioration via intra-articular injection in patients with OA.

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a curative treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) but carries a high risk of gonadotoxicity. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) offers a fertility preservation option, yet its safety in AML remains uncertain due to the risk of leukaemic cell reintroduction. The FERTILAM pilot study evaluated measurable residual disease (MRD) in ovarian tissue collected at complete remission (CR) from nine AML patients undergoing OTC before ASCT. MRD was assessed using patient-specific clonal markers via droplet digital polymerase chain reaction on DNA and RNA from bone marrow (BM), ovarian cortex and medulla. At CR, MRD-DNA was detected in ovarian cortex of four of nine patients, all with concurrent MRD positivity in BM. Three patients were negative in both BM and ovarian tissue. Paired cortex/medulla analyses showed concordant MRD-DNA results in five of six patients. BM MRD-RNA and MRD-DNA were fully concordant, whereas two discrepancies were observed between MRD-DNA and MRD-RNA in ovarian tissue. These findings suggest potential leukaemic cell persistence in ovarian tissue despite CR and highlight the need for sensitive molecular assays to assess safety prior to ovarian tissue transplantation.

Background . Autologous adipose tissue transplantation is becoming increasingly popular in reconstructive surgery, but the main unsolved problem at the moment is the high percentage of partial volume loss due to autograft resorption. The aim . Evaluation of the viability of adipocytes under incubation in solutions of different biochemical compositions, and clinical testing of the effectiveness of an optimized fat graft. Materials and methods . The comparative spectral analysis of the content of ions (mainly oxygen) in the cytoplasm of fat cells grown from solution samples on a solid substrate using a scanning electron microscope in low vacuum was performed. The composition in 3 samples that spent 6 h in artificial solutions was investigated. The EDAX TEAM program was used to analyze the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data. Results. Statistical and morphological analysis of the obtained results revealed differences in the composition of viable cells in the studied samples, varying up to 50 %. The most effective was the solution with dimethyloxobutylphosphonyldimethylate, which demonstrated an optimal level of oxygen ion content (O), as well as pronounced integrity of the cell membrane compared to other samples during electron microscopy and histological examination. Conclusion . One of the key factors is the medication support of the autograft during the initial stages of engraftment after transplantation. By measuring the ionic content of the intracellular matrix, we were able to examine in vitro the effect of solutions of different substances to achieve this goal. For autograft preservation, the best option is a solution with a membrane protector dimethyloxobutylphosphonyldimethylate for its ability to preserve cell homeostasis.

Introduction: In the era of transplantation development, the number of available organ donors is still insufficient. Several factors, including public education regarding organ donation, contribute to this shortage. The aim of our study was to assess public opinion and level of information regarding transplantation and organ donation among citizens of the RNM and to assess the development of transplantation from a deceased donor in recent years. Material and methods: The study was conducted using a questionnaire and by reviewing official data on transplantations performed in the Republic of North Macedonia. The study included 90 randomly selected respondents (29 men and 61 women) with different level of education and ethnicity, and was realized in the period from January to February 2024. Results: Most respondents (87.7%) responded that they were familiar with organ donation and transplantation and were informed about the development of transplantation in our country. From them, 74.4% fully supported organ transplantation and 70% supported cadaveric transplantation - mostly because of the desire to give life. Insufficient information about the entire transplantation process was the most common reason why families do not agree to donate organs. Cadaveric transplantation in our country has been increasing, with a peak in 2021/2022 (3.89 donations per million population), and it includes transplantations of kidney, heart, bone, ligament tissues, and liver. Conclusion: Our study has shown that there is sufficient information and a positive attitude toward organ transplantation and organ donation in our country, as well as significant progress in transplantation from a deceased donor.

Women experience more pronounced lipidomic changes with aging than men, which may contribute to the higher rates of Alzheimer's disease seen in postmenopausal women. Our earlier findings showed that transplantation of young ovarian somatic tissues or cells produced positive health-enhancing results in postreproductive females. In the current experiments, we looked to find key health-enhancing ovarian cells and pathways involved in this phenomenon. We conducted physiological and molecular analysis on animals/samples from old, postreproductive mice that received young ovarian tissue/cell transplants. Our analysis revealed a loss with age and a restoration with ovarian tissue/cell exposure, of serum biomarkers of lipid signaling and histological and behavioral markers of cognitive function. We further found, with single-cell transcriptomics and Raman spectroscopy, two candidate ovarian somatic cell types implicated in the restoration of health through a lipid signaling-based process. These results have identified key factors toward the determination of how germ cell-independent ovarian somatic tissues restore health through regulation of lipid signaling and dementia in postreproductive female mice.

Introduction. Autologous adipose tissue transplantation (AATT) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery. However, differences in the methods of preparation of PRP and AATT, as well as in the approaches to the management of patients with breast cancer and without malignancies, require a comparative analysis to optimize clinical outcomes. Aim. To compare the surgical techniques and the results of PRP-assisted AATT in reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery in three medical institutions in Russia and China. Materials and methods. Data from 84 patients in three centers were retrospectively analyzed: the Ruili Medical Cosmetic Hospital (RMCH, China, n=36), the Southeastern Hospital at Xiamen University (SEH, China, n=22), and the University Clinical Hospital No. 4 of the Sechenov University (UCH No. 4, Russia, n=26). Parameters of anesthesia, methods of harvesting and preparing AAT and PRP, the ratio of components, injection technique, and postoperative management were compared. Esthetic outcomes, graft survival, and complications were assessed. Results. In RMCH and SEH (aesthetic breast surgery), the volume of injected AAT was 150–250 mL per breast. The breast circumference increased by 3.19-6.28 cm after 6–12 months; 86–89% of patients achieved satisfactory results after 1–2 procedures. In UCH No. 4 (reconstruction after breast cancer), the volume of injected AAT was 50–100 mL per breast. The thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer increased by 1.4 cm (at 6 months) and 1.1 cm (at 12 months). Ten patients achieved the result after one procedure, while 16 required 2–3 lipofilling procedures. No complications were reported, and the graft survival rate did not correlate with the AAT volume. Conclusion. PRP-assisted AATT is effective and safe for aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery. In patients with malignancies, a smaller volume of AAT and repeated procedures can provide correction of cicatricial defects and improve psychosocial status. Further research is needed to standardize the techniques.

Although rabies virus is typically transmitted through mammalian animal bites or scratches, human-to-human transmission has occurred through organ and tissue transplantation. From 1978 to 2013, three transplant-transmitted rabies events in the United States affected nine tissue or organ recipients. Rabies is almost always fatal without timely receipt of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). In January 2025, clinicians in Ohio notified the Ohio Department of Health and CDC of a suspected case of rabies in a kidney transplant recipient who died 51 days after receiving the transplant. CDC confirmed the recipient's rabies diagnosis. Investigation revealed that the deceased donor had been scratched by a skunk approximately 6 weeks before death. No other organs from that donor were transplanted; however, three persons received cornea tissue grafts. While investigation of the donor's rabies status was ongoing, the cornea recipients underwent precautionary graft removal and received PEP. None developed signs or symptoms compatible with rabies. CDC detected rabies virus RNA in an archived sample of the donor's kidney, confirming organ-derived transmission. Investigation identified 370 persons with possible exposures to the donor or kidney recipient; 357 (96%) completed risk assessments. Among those who completed risk assessments, 46 (13%) were recommended to receive PEP. Early consultation with public health officials might prevent rabies-infected organ and tissue donation or lead to prompt PEP for transplant recipients. The risk for rabies should be considered among donors who have received rabies-susceptible animal bites or scratches within the previous year, particularly those donors with acute encephalopathy.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to devastating functional loss, partly due to a hostile post-injury microenvironment characterized by detrimental events like excessive calcium influx and apoptosis, which also limit the efficacy of reparative strategies such as neural tissue transplantation. It has been reported that electrical stimulation (ES) could modulate these events. Here, we investigated whether ES could enhance SCI repair, particularly when combined with allogeneic adult spinal cord tissue (aSCT) transplantation. Adult rats with complete thoracic SCI received aSCT grafts, with a subset also receiving continuous ES for two weeks. It found that locomotor function was significantly improved in rats receiving ES in conjunction with transplantation compared to those with transplantation alone. Histologically, ES treatment markedly enhanced neuronal survival and increased GAP-43+ axonal fiber density in the injured spinal cord. Mechanism studies revealed that ES downregulated L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (L-VGCC) and cleaved Caspase-3 expression. These results indicate that ES, when applied with aSCT transplantation, significantly promotes motor functional recovery and neural repair by mitigating calcium influx and apoptosis. Therefore, ES could be considered as a potent therapeutic strategy to augment reparative processes for SCI.