Time Three-dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Research Articles

Real Time Three‐Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography‐Guided Placement of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device

real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) is a novel imaging technique whose full utility is still being evaluated. We present a case utilizing 3D TEE for percutaneous placement of a left atrial appendage occlusion device. This evolving technology has potential application in other cardiovascular interventional procedures.

0337: Assessment of Thoracic Aortic Atherosclerosis Using Real Time 3D Transesophageal Echocardiography

Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(2D TEE) is a useful method for evaluating thoracic aortic atherosclerosis. However, real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(3D TEE) technique has been recently developed and is not widely used for evaluating thoracic aortic atherosclerosis yet. The aim of this study is to assess whether the real time 3D TEE method is useful for evaluating thoracic aortic atherosclerosis or not.

Intraoperative Real Time Three‐Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiographic Measurement of Hemodynamic, Anatomic and Functional Changes after Aortic Valve Replacement

The traditional intraoperative two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2DTEE) has limitations in measuring left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) because measurements rely on geometric assumptions. The availability of online software and real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D-TEE) makes intraoperative LVEF measurements fast and easy. This is the first report of intraoperative measurement of LVEF and aortic valve area (AVA) by RT3-DTEE in a patient who received transcatheter-based transapical aortic valve implantation.

Mitral Valve Prolapse and Systolic Anterior Motion Illustrated by Real Time Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography

Mitral Valve Prolapse and Systolic Anterior Motion Illustrated by Real Time Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography

Comparison of Real Time Two‐Dimensional with Live/Real Time Three‐Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Mitral Valve Prolapse and Chordae Rupture

We compared live/real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) with real time two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE) in the assessment of individual mitral valve (MV) segment/scallop prolapse and associated chordae rupture in 18 adult patients with a flail MV undergoing surgery for mitral regurgitation. 2D TEE was able to diagnose the prolapsing segment/scallop and associated chordae rupture correctly in only 9 of 18 patients when compared to surgery. In three of these, 2D TEE diagnosed an additional segment/scallop not confirmed at surgery. In the remaining nine patients, surgical findings were missed by 2D TEE. On the other hand with 3D TEE, the prolapsed segment/scallop and associated ruptured chords correlated exactly with the surgical findings in the operating room in 16 of 18 patients. The exceptions were two patients. In one, 3D TEE diagnosed prolapse and ruptured chordae of the A3 segment and P3 scallop, while the surgical finding was chordae rupture of the A3 segment but only prolapse without chordae rupture of the P3 scallop. In the other patient, 3D TEE diagnosed prolapse and chordae rupture of P1 scallop and prolapse without chordae rupture of the A1 and A2 segments, while at surgery chordae rupture involved A1, A2, and P1. This preliminary study demonstrates the superiority of 3D TEE over 2D TEE in the evaluation of individual MV segment/scallop prolapse and associated ruptured chordae.

Intraoperative Real Time Three‐Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiographic Evaluation of Right Atrial Tumor

Right atrial myxomas are uncommon heart tumors that can simulate nonspecific symptoms, such as fever, paroxysmal palpitations, chronic anemia, weight loss, and may escape timely diagnosis until the development of severe complications due to embolism. We present a patient with a history of palpitations. In search for the source of palpitations, a 2D transthoracic echocardiography was performed, showing a right atrial mass. Real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3DTEE) was performed intraoperative and demonstrated very accurate information about the size and the morphology of the tumor. This is the first case report of a right atrial myxoma visualized intraoperatively by RT3DTEE.

Initial Experience with Live/Real Time Three‐Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography

A new tool has been recently introduced to the echocardiography armamentarium, live/real time three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). In these cases, we describe our initial experience in 13 patients studied intraoperatively and in the echocardiography suite. This important technology promises improved anatomic definition, diagnostic confidence, and novel views of the complicated cardiovascular pathology encountered in common clinical practice.

Live/Real Time Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiographic Evaluation of Mitral and Aortic Valve Prosthetic Paravalvular Regurgitation

Thirteen patients already scheduled for surgery for repair of prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation underwent intraoperative real time two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE) and live/real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE). In all patients, 3D TEE was able to provide more information regarding the location and size of the paravalvular defect as compared to 2D TEE. 3D TEE resulted in a more accurate localization of the defect and an estimation of the size of the defect that correlated much more closely with surgical findings when compared with 2D TEE. Our preliminary results demonstrate the superiority of 3D TEE over 2D TEE in the evaluation of paravalvular prosthetic regurgitation. 3D TEE not only provides an accurate assessment of the exact site of the leakage, but also gives a more accurate estimate of its size. This information could be valuable to surgeons who may encounter difficulty when localizing and estimating the size of paraprosthetic leaks while the heart is devoid of blood during surgery.Keywords: Three-dimensional echocardiography; Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography; Prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation; prosthetic valves; Transesophageal echocardiography DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v2i2.6627Cardiovasc. j. 2010; 2(2) : 121-127