Time Spread Research Articles

Antibiotics: Precious Goods in Changing Times.

Antibiotics represent a first line of defense of diverse microorganisms, which produce and use antibiotics to counteract natural enemies or competitors for nutritional resources in their nearby environment. For antimicrobial activity, nature has invented a great variety of antibiotic modes of action that involve the perturbation of essential bacterial structures or biosynthesis pathways of macromolecules such as the bacterial cell wall, DNA, RNA, or proteins, thereby threatening the specific microbial lifestyle and eventually even survival. However, along with highly inventive modes of antibiotic action, nature also developed a comparable set of resistance mechanisms that help the bacteria to circumvent antibiotic action. Microorganisms have evolved specific adaptive responses that allow to appropriately react to the presence of antimicrobial agents, thereby ensuring survival during antimicrobial stress. In times of rapid development and spread of antibiotic(multi-)resistance, new resistance-breaking strategies to counteract bacterial infections are desperately needed. This chapter is an update to Chapter 1 of the first edition of this book and intends to give an overview of common antibiotics and their target pathways. It will also present examples for new antibiotics with novel modes of action, illustrating that nature's repertoire of innovative new antimicrobial agents has not been fully exploited yet, and we still might find new drugs that help to evade established antimicrobial resistance strategies.

Effects of wet treatment on bonding strength and electrothermal performance of electrothermal plywood bonded with emulsion polymer‐isocyanate adhesive

AbstractTo create a green, safe, and aldehyde‐free indoor heating environment, an eco‐friendly emulsion polymer‐isocyanate (EPI) adhesive was applied to the preparation of electrothermal plywood with built‐in carbon fiber paper. The optimized process parameters of electrothermal plywood were 0.9 MPa, 120°C, 6 min, and 200 g/m2 for hot‐pressing pressure, temperature, time, and glue spread amount, respectively. After water immersion for 24 h, the bonding strength of wet‐treated electrothermal plywood decreased to 0.89 MPa. The pull‐out cracks of the carbon fiber paper were the main fracture form of the wet‐treated electrothermal plywood, and the wood failure percentage was 0%–10% under the tensile load. Hydrolysis of the adhesive layer of the wet‐treated electrothermal plywood occurred. The relative C and N contents in the wet‐treated electrothermal plywood decreased by 6.1% and 25.3%, respectively. Moreover, the resistance of the wet‐treated electrothermal plywood increased by 273.4% because the internal conductive path was interrupted during the intrusion of the water molecules. The highest electric‐to‐radiant transfer efficiency of the electrothermal plywood was 72.4%, with a power density of 200 W/m2. In conclusion, wet treatment has a significant effect on the bonding strength and electrothermal performance of the electrothermal plywood bonded with EPI adhesive.

Fire load and fire growth characteristics in modern high-rise buildings

Fire load is the major contributor to the heat release rate, which defines the severity of a fire event in buildings. It is necessary to have a well-defined fire load for residential buildings to perform an adequate fire safety design. This study estimates the fire load and fire growth for modern residential apartments using survey results of 50 high-rise buildings in Istanbul, Turkey. The survey methodology is the inventory method primarily based on size measurements and photographic information obtained from physical visits to apartments and digital inventory of real-estate websites. Fire loads in living rooms, bedrooms, and kitchens form the basis of the study. Results show that the average fire load density in living rooms range from 310 MJ/m2 to 379 MJ/m2 whereas the range is within 518 MJ/m2 and 650 MJ/m2 for bedrooms. The kitchen has the average fire load density of 552 MJ/m2. Eurocode estimation of the fire load density for dwellings is found overly conservative compared to the survey results. The FDS results provide fire spread times of 1 min–11 min depending on the compartment. Cumulative fire growth curves for living rooms, bedrooms and kitchens are generated using fire load surveys and fire spread results.

Reduced Scale Experiments on Fire Spread Involving Multiple Informal Settlement Dwellings

Fire disasters in informal settlements (also referred to as slums, shantytowns, favelas, etc.) are a major challenge worldwide, with a single incident being able to displace thousands of people. Numerous factors including dwelling spacing, material type, topography, weather, fuel loads, roads, and more influence fire spread. Conducting large-scale experiments to quantify and understand these phenomena is difficult and costly. Hence, it would be beneficial if Reduced Scale Experiments (RSE) could be developed to study the influence of these phenomena. Previous research has demonstrated that a 1/4th scale informal settlement dwelling (ISD) RSE can sufficiently capture the fire behaviour and fire dynamics within dwellings. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology for multi-dwelling ISD scaling such that large-scale spread phenomena can be captured. This paper carries out a series of RSEs to study the influence of (a) the number of dwellings, (b) orientation of dwellings, windows, and door openings, (c) cladding material, (d) wind effects, (e) the distance between dwellings and (f) fuel load on spread. Results are compared to previous large-scale experiments. It is shown that the geometric scaling of distance between dwellings is suitable for capturing spread. It was found that wind and the fuel load contribute significantly to the fire spread, but the type of cladding, distance between dwellings, dwelling orientation, and type of structural members used also affects fire spread rates. The comparative results with full-scale experiments (FSEs) shows that the peak temperatures were comparable and had similar profiles. A good correlation exists between FSEs and RSEs in terms of fire dynamics and spread characteristics, but the spread time (scaled or unscaled) does not correlate well with FSEs. Further work is needed before the work can be reliably used for predicting multi-dwelling spread, especially when wind is involved, due to the complex interaction of parameters and difficulty in scaling flame impingement.

X-ray ultrashort pulse emission characteristic of carbon nanotube cold cathode X-ray source by pulse driving mode

In the present work, we build a triode structure of carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathode X-ray source driven by pulse voltage in dynamic vacuum system. The results show that the grid voltage and pulse width affect the amplitude, delay time and relative pulse spread of X-ray. The X-ray emission delay time decreases sharply from 102 to 75 ns when the grid voltage increases from 600 to 650 V. The relative pulse spread tends to be saturated with approximately 350 ns (±20 ns) when the voltage increases from 600 to 650 V. The theoretical limit frequency of this X-ray pulsed emission system is approximately 2.86 MHz (1/350 ns). This work reveals the ultrashort pulse emission characteristics and affecting factors of CNT cold cathode X-ray source, promoting the development of CNT cold cathode X-ray source in pulse application.

LYSO scintillation light test with an ultra-fast MCP-PMT

The scintillator can be seen as a wavelength shifter which converts the incident particle into a number of photons at certain wavelength. The scintillation light decay time of scintillator is measured by coupling the scintillator with the photosensitive device. With the photoelectric conversion process and waveform sampling technology, the waveform of the signal responding to the scintillation light is obtained. Through exponential fitting, we can obtain the decay time of the scintillator. Traditionally the photosensitive device used to measure the scintillation light have a rise time on the order of nanoseconds. In our experiment, an ultra-fast MCP-PMT with a rise time of 100 ps and a transit time spread of 46 ps at single-photon mode was used to be coupled with the Lu1.8Y2SiO5:Ce (LYSO) scintillator and obtain the scintillation light waveforms. The waveform obtained is not a complete scintillation pulse and the photons in one scintillation event are distinguished and becomes discrete pulses. A new method is introduced to measure the decay time of the scintillator and the result for LYSO with the new method is compared to the results measured with the dynode PMT XP2020.

Single photon counting performance of the Auratek-Square MCP-PMT

This paper reports on the time resolution of the Auratek-Square MCP-PMT, a multi-anode microchannel plate photomultiplier produced by Photek.When operating as single photon counter at low photon rate and with a single pixel illuminated it shows a transit time spread (jitter) of ∼100 ps FWHM, saturating at high rate, above ∼100 kHz/mm2.The worsening of the timing performance depends on the bias voltage between the photocathode and the MCP input and between the MCP slabs.The charge sharing between neighbouring pixels can become a major crosstalk source if not accounted for, degrading the time resolution to ∼170 ps FWHM when the entire pixel area is illuminated.

Verification of the Effectiveness of a Fire Hose Backpack in Areas Fire Trucks have Difficulty Accessing

The research aims to verify the effectiveness of firefighting hose backpacks through a comparative analysis of a firefighting hose backpack and conventional firefighting hose in an area difficult to access with a fire truck. The research, which targets 24 firefighters, was conducted as a random cross experiment. To this end, the firefighters were divided into 2 groups: one group comprised 12 firefighters with firefighting hose backpacks and the other 12 firefighters with conventional firefighting hoses. The purpose was to test the total time required to extinguish a fire and firefighters’ degree of physical tiredness. In the number of steps, the group with firefighting hose backpacks walked 1109.63 steps less than the group with conventional firefighting hoses (p = < .001). Furthermore, in the total time taken to spread out the hoses and extinguish the fire, the group with firefighting hose backpacks performed on average 674.75 s faster than the other group in both tasks, respectively. Regarding heart rates and lactic acid production, the group with firefighting hose backpacks had on average 23 fewer pulses (p = < .002) and produced on average of 3.14 mmol/L less (p = < .049) lactic acid than the other group with conventional firefighting hoses. An additional verification experiment showed that the hose spreading time was shortened by 81% and the speed of discharge doubled. In addition, the operating pressure for an appropriate discharge of water was analyzed to be 0.5 MPa for 100–200 m, 0.8 MPa for 300 m, and 0.95 MPa for 400–600 m. Therefore, firefighting hose backpacks should be encouraged for use in areas difficult to access with a fire truck to rapidly extinguish the fire and reduce the tiredness of firefighters.

Clinical Outcomes Following Definitive 3D Image-Guided HDR Intracavitary Brachytherapy for Medically Inoperable Endometrial Cancer

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the U.S. Brachytherapy alone or in combination with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is considered an alternative definitive treatment for women who are not surgical candidates, though limited data exists for outcomes with modern 3D image-guided brachytherapy. As the U.S. population ages and rates of obesity and other comorbidities rise, more women may require definitive radiation therapy. In this study, we report outcomes for a large cohort of patients treated with intrauterine brachytherapy with 3D CT-guided planning. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> Retrospective review identified 59 women with EC who received high dose rate (HDR) intrauterine brachytherapy with dual or triple tandem applicators with definitive intent, alone or in combination with EBRT, between 2009-2020. All patients underwent endometrial biopsy and 92% had pretreatment diagnostic CT and/or MRI imaging. 3D CT-guided brachytherapy planning was done using planning software. Local failure-free survival (LFFS), disease-free (DFS), and overall survival (OS) estimates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Median follow-up was 44 months (interquartile range [IQR], 17-88). <h3>Results</h3> Median patient age was 68 years (range, 37-87). Patients had atypical complex hyperplasia (15%), or clinical stage I (76%), II (5%), or III (3%) EC. Patients were ineligible for surgery due to medical comorbidities, including obesity (97% of patients), pulmonary disease (36%), cardiovascular disease (41%), renal disease (9%), or complicated prior surgical history (9%). Median BMI was 45.7 kg/m² (range, 17.2-79.7), and 64% of patients met criteria for severe obesity (≥40 kg/m²). Brachytherapy dose delivered ranged from 8.5Gy in 1 fraction to 36.5Gy in 5 fractions. Among patients receiving brachytherapy alone, 83% were treated with 34Gy in 4 fractions. 20% of patients underwent EBRT immediately prior to or following brachytherapy and received lower doses of brachytherapy. Median coverage of the uterus CTV V100 = 92% (range, 65%-99%). 5-year LFFS, DFS, and OS rates were 91%, 82%, and 75%, respectively. Median time to any failure was 15 months (IQR, 10-26). Among 59 patients, 4 failed locally, 3 failed in the peritoneum, and 2 failed both locoregionally and distally. Two of 4 patients who failed locally were successfully salvaged with surgery. Five patients died of EC. Ten patients (17%) had perforation of the uterus with applicator placement. Antibiotics were not given prophylactically and no patients developed bacterial peritonitis or other infectious complication. There was no correlation between perforation of the uterus at the time of brachytherapy and peritoneal spread of EC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Outcomes following definitive 3D image-guided brachytherapy were excellent, with 5-year LFFS of 91% and 5-year DFS of 82%. Patients rarely died of EC. Our data supports the use of 3D brachytherapy as definitive therapy for patients who are not candidates for surgery.

The Doctrine of oral Vocalism in the Worship of Lord Muruga found in Sangam Literature

When we think of how the literature of Classic Tamil came into our hands across the river of time, we are amazed. Before the appearance of the script, Early Tamils would have verbally passed on to others what they had thought. One must have passed through the flood of time spreading from one person to another, from one to another, to another. All the thoughts, songs, and conversations of the people should have been expressed verbally until the palm leaf became available as stationery. This principle applies to all the language literature that originated in the world. We can see that when oral messages are transmitted from person to person, the repetition of the word or phrase, the elements of the repetition of stories and phrases that reflect the local culture and life, and the harmony and enrichment of the local culture and life, are constantly being studied. It would not be an exaggeration to say that those who saved it from spilling until it found a place in the palm leaves, the sharp memory of the people who converse, and the expression of the core, the peel, and the first objects of the circulating land. Thus, the folk elements found in the Sangam literature songs sung in the praise of Lord Muruga are matched with the folk tradition. The social context of folk songs, the characters of the storytellers, the time with the participation of the listening audience, the structure of the story events that take place in relation to the location, the identities of the storytellers, the relationships in which the narrator and the audience who listen to the story co-participate, the context in which the mythological elements can be told, the opportunity to perform, etc., are included in the Sangam literature as folk elements.

11P Mapping the pattern and pace of tumour dissemination using longitudinal imaging and ctDNA in the TRACERx lung study

TRACERx is a multicentre, prospective study recruiting patients with early stage non small cell lung cancer. By leveraging longitudinal CT imaging, patterns and timing of metastatic spread and tumour growth rates can be tracked lesion by lesion. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in longitudinal plasma samples can be mapped to imaging timepoints to assess their role as a biomarker in monitoring cancer progression and the impact of therapy.

A Large Area Dynode-MCP-PMT Design With High CE and Good Time Performance

A 20-in. photomultiplier tube based on dynode and microchannel plates (Dynode-MCP-PMT) with high collection efficiency (CE) and good time performance is proposed in this article. To obtain a tailless time distribution, a pair of uncoated MCPs are employed. For a high CE, a dynode with two large openings is placed in front of the MCPs. The dynode is designed as a spherical shape to prevent secondaries from escaping the multiplication system and assist them moving to the MCPs for further multiplication. A 3-D model is developed by CST Studio Suite to validate its feasibility. Finite integral technique and Monte Carlo method are combined to simulate the photoelectron collection and multiplication processes. Results predict that for the shielded Dynode-MCP-PMT, CE is expected to be 100%. Tailless transit time distributions are observed. Transit time spread (TTS) of the photoelectrons from the cathode top point to the dynode achieves 3.7 ns. If this PMT is exposed to the geomagnetic field, it should be operated in the north and south direction, in which CE and TTS are expected to be 100% and 3.8 ns, respectively.

Integrating wildfire spread and evacuation times to design safe triggers: Application to two rural communities using PERIL model

The hazards posed by a wildfire increase significantly when it approaches the wildland–urban interface. Evacuation of rural communities is frequently considered by local authorities and residents. In this context, evacuation triggers are locations that when reached by the wildfire indicate it is time to evacuate. Triggers are often arbitrarily defined via identifiable landmarks, do not include a safety factor, and do not account for fire spread or how long the evacuation takes. Ill-designed triggers may not safely inform decision making. It is necessary to create evacuation triggers that take into account both how a fire spreads towards the community, and how a community evacuates. This paper outlines a framework for developing triggers through the coupling of wildfire and evacuation models. We implement the previous theory of Cova et al. (2005) and others on triggers into a tool known as PERIL for generating trigger perimeters around a community, using the fire spread model FARSITE. A safety factor is included to address uncertainties in the wildfire or evacuation calculations. PERIL was applied to two real communities for the Swinley forest community (UK), and Roxborough Park community (USA). These communities were chosen because of previous work studying their actual evacuations. PERIL, which is available in open source, can be applied to inform safer strategies for to protect rural communities threatened by wildfires.

Intense deformation and fragmentation of two droplet collision at high Weber numbers

Droplet collision is common in nature and industrial processes, while understanding of the phenomena at high Weber numbers is not as comprehensive as the one at low Weber numbers. We experimentally investigate the collision dynamics of two droplets at high We ranging from 200 to 2000 by adopting pure water and pure ethanol droplets. Four distinct droplet collision regimes in the order of increasing deformation and fragmentation are reflection separation, finger separation, stretching separation and splashing. Due to the larger inertia force and lower viscous force, water droplet collision is easier to form finger separation and splashing regimes than ethanol droplets under the same We. The reinforcement of viscous force and surface tension weakens droplet deformation and fragmentation, and further changes droplet collision regime. Due to the viscous dissipation ratio of droplet at the maximum spread moment as a function of Ohnesorge number (Oh), the model of the maximum spread factor of coalesced droplet is different under various Oh. For a low Oh, a new formula of the maximum spread factor is proposed by optimizing the maximum spread time in the viscous dissipation model based on energy conservation, which agrees well with the experiment. For a high Oh, the formula of the maximum spread factor is developed by using the viscous dissipation ratio, and it is consistent with the experiment as the viscous dissipation ratio is 0.8.

Solution of an acoustic transmission inverse problem by extended inversion

Study of a simple single-trace transmission example shows how an extended source formulation of full-waveform inversion can produce an optimization problem without spurious local minima (‘cycle skipping’), hence efficiently solvable via Newton-like local optimization methods. The data consist of a single trace extracted from a causal pressure field, propagating in a homogeneous fluid according to linear acoustics, and recorded at a given distance from a transient point energy source. The source intensity (‘wavelet’) is presumed quasi-impulsive, with zero energy for time lags greater than a specified maximum lag. The inverse problem is: from the recorded trace, recover both the sound velocity or slowness and source wavelet with specified support, so that the data is fit with prescribed RMS relative error. The least-squares objective function has multiple large residual minimizers. The extended inverse problem permits source energy to spread in time, and replaces the maximum lag constraint by a weighted quadratic penalty. A companion paper shows that for proper choice of weight operator, any stationary point of the extended objective produces a good approximation of the global minimizer of the least squares objective, with slowness error bounded by a multiple of the maximum lag and the assumed noise level. This paper summarizes the theory developed in the companion paper and presents numerical experiments demonstrating the accuracy of the predictions in concrete instances. We also show how to dynamically adjust the penalty scale during iterative optimization to improve the accuracy of the slowness estimate.

Low-latency and High-Reliability FBMC Modulation scheme using Optimized Filter design for enabling NextG Real-time Smart Healthcare Applications.

This paper presents a prototype filter design using the orthant optimization technique to assist a filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulation scheme of a NextG smart e-healthcare network framework. Low latency and very high reliability are one of the main requirements of a real-time e-healthcare system. In recent times, FBMC modulation has gotten more attention due to its spectral efficiency. The characteristics of a filter bank are determined by t’s, prototype filter. A prototype filter cannot be designed to achieve an arbitrary time localization (for low latency) and frequency localization (spectral efficiency), as time and frequency spreading are conflicting goals. Hence, an optimum design needed to be achieved. In this paper, a constraint for perfect or nearly perfect reconstruction is formulated for prototype filter design and an orthant-based enriched sparse ℓ1-optimization method is applied to achieve the optimum performance in terms of higher availability of subcarrier spacing for the given requirement of signal-to-interference ratio. Larger subcarrier spacing ensures lower latency and better performance in real-time applications. The proposed FBMC system, based on an optimum design of the prototype filter, also supports a higher data rate as compared to traditional FBMC and OFDM systems, which is another requirement of real-time communication. In this paper, the solution for the different technical issues of physical layer design is provided. The presented modulation scheme through the proposed prototype filter-based FBMC can suppress the side lobe energy of the constituted filters up to large extent without compromising the recovery of the signal at the receiver end. The proposed system provides very high spectral efficiency; it can sacrifice large guard band frequencies to increase the subcarrier spacing to provide low-latency communication to support the real-time e-healthcare network.

Droplet impact on a heated porous plate above the Leidenfrost temperature: A lattice Boltzmann study

In the past few decades, the droplet impact on a heated plate above the Leidenfrost temperature has attracted immense research interest. The strong hydrophobicity caused by the Leidenfrost effect leads to the droplet bouncing from a flat plate at a given contact time predicted by the classical Rayleigh theory. Numerous investigations were conducted to break the theoretical Rayleigh's limit to reduce the interfacial contact time. Recently, a droplet was observed to form a pancake shape and bounce as it impacted nanotube or micropost surfaces above the Leidenfrost temperature. This led to a significant reduction in droplet contact time. However, this unique bouncing phenomenon is still not fully understood, such as the influence of the plate configuration and the relationship between the droplet rebound time and evaporation mass loss. In this study, we carry out a numerical study of the droplet impact dynamics on a heated porous plate above the Leidenfrost temperature, using a multiphase thermal lattice Boltzmann model. Our model is constructed within the unified lattice Boltzmann method framework and is first validated based on theoretical and experimental results. Then, a comprehensive parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of the impact Weber number, the plate temperature, and the plate configurations on the droplet bouncing dynamics. Results show that higher plate temperature, larger Weber number, and smaller pore intervals can accelerate the droplet rebound and promote the droplet pancake bouncing. We demonstrate that the occurrence of the pancake bouncing is attributed to the additional lift force provided by the vapor pressure due to the evaporation of liquid inside the pores. Moreover, the droplet maximum spreading time and maximum spreading factor can be described by a power law function of the impact Weber number. The droplet evaporation mass loss increases linearly with the impingement Weber number and the plate opening fractions. This study provides new insights into the Leidenfrost droplet impingement on porous plates, which may potentially facilitate the design of novel engineering surfaces and devices.

Large extensional earthquakes push-up terrific amount of fluids

How large earthquakes are triggered is a key question in Earth science, and the role played by fluid pressure seems to be crucial. Nevertheless, evaluation of involved fluid volumes is seldom investigated, if not unaccounted for. Moreover, fluid flow along fault zones is a driving factor for seismicity migration, episodic heat and chemical transport. Here we show that time repeated (4D) seismic tomography resolves changes of Vp and Vp/Vs during the Mw6.2 2009 L’Aquila normal faulting sequence, that indicate a post-failure fluid migration from hypocentral depths to the surface, with a volume estimated between 5 and 100 × 106 m3 rising at rates up to 100 m/day. This amount inferred by tomograms is surprisingly consistent with the about 50 × 106 m3 surplus water volume additionally measured at spring discharge, spread in time and space along the 700 km2-wide regional carbonate fractured aquifer. Fluids were pushed-up within a huge volume across the fault and expelled from the area of large coseismic slip. Such quantities of fluids liberated during earthquakes add unprecedented constraints to the discussion on the role of fluids during and possibly before earthquake, as well as to the potential impact on the pristine high-quality drinkable groundwater, possibly affecting the biodiversity of groundwater dependent ecosystems too.

Non-monotonic effect of ethanol concentration on the spreading of an ethanol-water binary droplet impact on a supercooled surface

We investigate the effect of ethanol concentration on the spreading dynamics of an ethanol-water binary droplet impact on a supercooled surface. The maximum spreading factor, comprised of the maximum internal spreading factor and dimensionless fingering length, decreases and then increases with the ethanol concentration. It is attributed to the change in ethanol concentration which varies liquid viscosity and surface tension directly, and surface cooling which lowers the droplet temperature and thus varies liquid properties that further affect droplet spreading. The maximum internal spreading factor which is also non-monotonic with the ethanol concentration dominates the maximum spreading. The heat transfer analysis on droplet spreading shows that the temperature reduction of the droplet from impact to maximum spreading is non-monotonic dependent on the ethanol concentration, while shows different trends with surface cooling at various ethanol concentration. Deviations of the predicated maximum spreading factor, considering the droplet temperature reduction, obtained by reported correlations from the experimental ones in this study could be mainly due to the difficulty in accurately predicting the temperature-dependent spreading boundary layer thickness of the droplet. The maximum spreading time decreases and then increases with the ethanol concentration, while it keeps decreasing with the surface supercooling. A new correlation of the maximum spreading time is proposed by incorporating the coefficient of surface supercooling and capillary-inertial time of the droplet which involves density and surface tension.

Temporal-insular spreading time in temporal lobe epilepsy as a predictor of seizure outcome after temporal lobectomy.

Insular involvement in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has gradually been recognized since the widespread use of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). However, the correlation between insular involvement and failed temporal lobe surgery remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the surgical outcomes of TLE patients who underwent temporal and insular SEEG recordings and explored the predictors of failed anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) in these patients with temporal seizures.Forty-one patients who underwent ATL for drug-resistant TLE were examined using temporal and insular SEEG recordings. The clinical characteristics, SEEG data, and postoperative seizure outcomes of these patients were analyzed, and multivariate analysis was used to identify the predictors of surgical outcome.In this series, the ictal temporal discharges invaded the insula in 39 (95.1%) patients. Twenty-three (56.1%) patients were seizure-free (Engel class I) after ATL with at least 1 year follow-up. Only temporal-insular spreading time (TIST) was an independent predictor of postoperative seizure-free outcomes (P = .035). By creating receiver operating characteristic curves for TIST, 400 milliseconds was identified as the cutoff for classification. All patients were classified into 2 groups (TIST ≤ 400 milliseconds and TIST > 400 milliseconds) based on the cutoff value; the difference in seizure-free rates between the 2 groups was significant (P = .001).The very early insular involvement in TLE may be associated with poorer seizure outcomes after ATL. Our findings may be helpful for estimating the appropriate operative procedures and will be valuable for evaluating the prognosis of TLE patients with temporal-insular SEEG recordings and temporal lobectomy.