ABSTRACT The current cross-sectional and observational online study investigated previously reported associations between chronotype, sleep duration, inattention traits, and self-esteem within one indirect-effect model in a general, mostly student, population. Chronotype was operationalized as a continuous μMCTQ-derived score, with higher values indicating later sleep timing and greater evening orientation. We found that chronotype and self-esteem were negatively related, with lower self-esteem observed in participants with later sleep timing. This association was statistically accounted for in part by reported inattention traits, irrespective of reported sleep duration. Participants with higher chronotype scores on average reported more inattention traits, and lower self-esteem. Age effects, found for chronotype score, sleep duration, and inattention traits, were controlled for. Because all variables were measured concurrently, these findings should not be interpreted as evidence that eveningness causes inattention or low self-esteem. Instead, they show that previously reported bivariate relationships are likely connected in the same correlational pattern. Longitudinal, experimental, or network approaches are needed to test temporal ordering, alternative explanations, and possible intervention targets.

ABSTRACT This article examines the emergence of the term kalsa in Manus Province, Papua New Guinea, as an alternative understanding of cultural heritage in contrast to the older term kastam, and explores whether this shift signals a significant change in people’s orientation in historical time. Drawing on François Hartog’s concept of regime of historicity, the article contrasts kastam, which valorizes the past through traditional exchange practices and kinship obligations, with kalsa, which reimagines cultural heritage as a platform for innovation, identity, and economic opportunity, especially through tourism and performance. Through two ethnographic case studies, a cultural festival on Baluan Island and the personal journey of an urban Manus woman, the paper illustrates how individuals navigate tensions between the entangled temporalities of tradition and modernity. The analysis suggests that kalsa embodies a forward-looking temporal orientation, reflecting changing subjectivities and aspirations. Ultimately, this evolving cultural lexicon may indicate a broader transformation in how Manus people conceptualize time, tradition, and agency within contemporary social and economic contexts.

Mindfulness is commonly described as a present-focused capacity, yet its role in shaping future-oriented functioning remains underexplored. This study tested a structural equation model in which future time orientation (FTO) statistically accounted for the association between mindfulness and life projects (LP). A final sample of 205 Italian adults (Mage = 28.39, SD = 8.06) completed the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R), the Future Time Orientation Scale (FTOS), and the Life Project Scale (LPS). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the measurement models of the constructs. Mindfulness was positively associated with both FTO dimensions-impact and distance-and both dimensions were positively associated with life-project dimensions, although significant indirect associations emerged only through impact. In particular, indirect effects through distance were small and not statistically significant. These findings suggest that present-moment awareness may be associated with adaptive prospection by helping individuals connect current experience with meaningful future direction and goal engagement. Mindfulness thus appears to function not only as a present-oriented capacity but also as a psychological resource linked to future-oriented processes.

Trait procrastination and future time orientation: Multi-sample tests of the stress orientation hypothesis

This micro-phenomenological study examines altered states of consciousness (ASC) during Floatation-REST, a sensory isolation method where individuals lie in a tank filled with Epsom salt-saturated water in complete silence and darkness. Salubrious effects of Floatation-REST have been shown in persons suffering from mental health conditions; these positive outcomes might be related to the experience of ASC. Micro-phenomenological interviews were conducted with fourteen participants who completed a 60-minute Floatation-REST session, to capture the generic structure of ASC. We found that most participants experience four distinct phases during a session (diachronic structure): after an initial acclimatization phase (1), participants experience a transitional phase (2) that prepares them for a subsequent ASC phase (3), followed by a phase of temporal and spatial reorientation (4). The ASC phase is characterized by the experience of positive emotions, deep relaxation, a loss of orientation in space and time, and a reduction in bodily sensations and thoughts (synchronic structure). The characteristics of the ASC phase emerge gradually and progressively intensify. This micro-phenomenological analysis of Floatation-REST sheds new light on the potential of this therapeutic technique. We discuss possible future research and therapeutic applications of Floatation-REST.

Background:The Swiss Federal Office of Public Health provides case-by-case exemptions allowing physicians to provide psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) using psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), or 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA).Objectives:The study provided an overview of PAT as currently provided in Switzerland under the regulatory framework of the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH).Design:Swiss PAT practices were examined using an anonymous survey of physicians providing PAT. Questions included physicians’ backgrounds, training, therapeutic orientation, treatment protocols, patient characteristics, and perceived benefits.Methods:Participants were recruited from PAT professional associations and the research team network. Forty-one physicians providing PAT under FOPH exemptions contributed to the survey.Results:Respondents used PAT primarily for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and chronic pain. Most physicians practiced in private practices, private outpatient clinics or shared practices (82%), with a minority in hospitals (18%). The most reported labels when providing PAT were body-oriented (61%), psychodynamic (59%), and eclectic (54%) approaches. Respondents provided PAT using psilocybin (85%), MDMA (71%), and LSD (65.9%). Choice of first substance was linked to diagnosis, with physicians preferring psilocybin for depression (54%) and substance use disorder (46%) and MDMA for PTSD (86%) and anxiety disorders (54%). A total of 90% reported always playing music during psychedelic sessions. Loss of orientation in time and space, feeling too cold, anxiety, and nausea where the most frequent adverse effects of PAT. 95% had emergency medication available, on average used during 2.4% of sessions. Challenges included legal constraints, high patient expectations, and financial barriers. Group therapy was common, with 9% reporting providing only group sessions, 42% providing both individual and group settings, and 47% providing only individual sessions. Only 9% reported never using co-sitters.Conclusion:This study offers valuable insights into the methods and experiences of physicians providing PAT in a legal clinical context, giving insight into the considerable variety of clinical methods. Cultural and regulatory differences may limit generalizability.

This study examines how investors’ personality traits develop a psychology of green investments. The future time orientation (FTO) is examined as a mediator. It combines two streams of knowledge, that is, human psychology and sustainable finance. Construal level theory was used to establish the relationships. In total, 539 investors who invested in green products were selected. Data were collected using a structured and self-administered questionnaire. The structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationships using the partial least squares method. All the Big Five personality traits had a positive and significant relationship with green financial investment behaviour. The results found that investors with diverse personalities tend to take environmentally responsible initiatives. Additionally, FTO mediated these relationships partially. The results of this study are beneficial for the investors and businesses. Aligning green investments with investor personality types could enrich market reach, wherein the FTO stands as another important factor. This research combines two distinct streams of study: behavioural finance and sustainability. Therefore, this study stands novel by examining how psychological factors influence pro-environmental financial decisions.

Addressing issues such as complex system architecture, high hardware redundancy, and poor engineering adaptability in existing mobile robot planar pose sensing solutions, this paper designs and implements a multi-sensor fusion planar pose sensing system based on STM32.Centered around the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller as the core processing unit, the system employs orthogonally arranged incremental encoders and a high-precision inertial measurement unit (IMU) as its sensing core. It encompasses the full design and implementation process from three-dimensional structure, hardware circuitry, and PCB layout to embedded software and pose estimation algorithms. By combining encoder displacement increments with IMU heading information, the system estimates a mobile platform's position and orientation in real time within a two-dimensional plane. By optimizing hardware resource allocation and designing a lightweight software architecture, it significantly reduces system complexity and development barriers. Featuring simple interfaces, high integration, and strong versatility, this system can widely accommodate the pose-perception needs of small-to-medium-sized planar mobile robots, demonstrating excellent engineering value.

In this study, we quantify both the UVB and UVA doses emitted by the sun at ground level and the realistic effective UVB and UVA doses received (ERD) by an individual across latitudes from 0° to 60° North and for every month of the year. These outputs provide a quantitative basis to derive protection indices and to support informed discussion on photoprotection. Our aim is not to prescribe SPF guidance for consumers or dermatologists, but to offer a robust scientific framework that clarifies how real-life exposure, behavioural factors, effective UVB and UVA-weighted doses and solar geometry collectively shape the necessary UV protection. Daily UV doses were computed for the 21st day of each month to capture seasonal extremes. These doses, expressed as Standard Erythemal Doses (UVB) and UVA-weighted doses, were calculated for each latitude based on Diffey's spectral irradiance framework. Two corrective factors were applied: (i) effective outdoor exposure time and (ii) body orientation. These adjustments allowed conversion of ambient daily doses into effective UVB and UVA-received doses (ERD). Finally, a third factor, representing realistic sunscreen application density (0.8 mg/cm2), was introduced to estimate the necessary level of UV protection. Across all latitudes and seasons, UV-weighted doses requirements follow predictable patterns driven by solar geometry. At most temperate latitudes, daily SED values range from approximately 5 to 60, while extreme values of 65-70 SED occur in tropical regions (10-30° N). The greatest differences between latitudes arise from seasonality. UVA-PF requirements exhibit similar constraints. When converted into effective received dose and then expressed in SPF terms, values above 60 provide minimal additional UVB benefit under realistic conditions. By converting ambient irradiance into effective received dose, this model provides a realistic framework for daily UV exposure. It complements Diffey's approach rather than replacing it, supports rational discussion on SPF and UVA-PF adequacy without prescribing individual recommendations and offers a quantitative basis for realistic product design, regulatory discussion and consumer guidance.

A capsule endoscope (CE) provides noninvasive access to the gastrointestinal tract, offering diagnostic information that cannot be obtained through external imaging alone. However, during the examination inside the stomach, the CE's posture may change rapidly as it moves within a dynamically deforming organ, making it difficult to determine its orientation using only the onboard camera feedback. To address this problem, this study proposes a method that employs an external array of Hall Effect Sensors (HES) to estimate the capsule's position and orientation in real time, based on the magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet (PM) embedded inside the capsule, without the need for any additional internal sensors. This approach introduces a unified magnetic actuation and localization framework that enables real-time 5-degree-of-freedom posture estimation using only the internal PM of the capsule. Furthermore, the proposed system features an integrated architecture capable of simultaneous actuation and localization. To enhance system practicality, the sensor module and communication board were combined into a single unit that employs a digital serial communication scheme, eliminating the need for analog to digital conversion of sensing signals. By avoiding additional onboard sensors and employing a PM-based actuation system, the proposed system simplifies hardware configuration by preserving capsule miniaturization and by eliminating the high power consumption and thermal issues associated with electromagnet-based actuation, while maintaining accurate real-time tracking performance. Through an optimization process, the system achieved a position error of less than 2 mm and an angular error within 2° over a sensing range of up to 60 mm. Repeated experiments further validated the system's effectiveness and reliability under realistic operating conditions, demonstrating its feasibility for compact and clinically applicable active capsule endoscopy systems.

Inflation expectations play a central role in monetary policy effectiveness, yet relatively little is known about how individual behavioral traits shape expectation formation. This study examines whether time discounting and hyperbolic discounting, key dimensions of intertemporal preferences, are systematically associated with household inflation expectations. Using large-scale survey data from Japan that elicit both time preference measures and qualitative inflation expectations, we analyze expectations over one-, three-, and five-year horizons. The empirical analysis employs ordered probit models that fit well with the categorical nature of survey-based inflation expectations and controls for a rich set of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral characteristics, including financial literacy and risk preferences. The results reveal clear horizon-dependent patterns. Hyperbolic discounting is positively associated with short-term inflation expectations, suggesting that present-biased individuals place greater weight on recent inflation developments. In contrast, higher time discount rates are associated with higher inflation expectations at medium and longer horizons, indicating that impatience is more relevant for beliefs about distant future prices. These findings provide novel evidence on the behavioral micro-foundations of inflation expectation formation and highlight the importance of heterogeneity in time preferences. From a policy perspective, the results suggest that one-size-fits-all communication strategies may be insufficient and that effective expectation management may require tailoring messages to account for differences in individuals’ time orientation across forecast horizons.

ObjectivesUsing symptom network analysis, this study explores gender differences in the network structure of activities of daily living (ADL) among rural Chinese older adults, examines structural associations between oral health, cognitive function, and ADL, and thereby identifies bridge symptoms within these associations.MethodsIn this study, 1,276 older adults from rural areas of various cities in Anhui Province, China, were enrolled between July and August 2024. Data were collected using a general demographic questionnaire, the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Gender-stratified network analyses were performed to construct separate ADL networks and combined networks of ADL, oral health, and cognitive function.ResultsNetwork Comparison Test (NCT) revealed no significant gender differences in network structure for either the ADL or cross-domain combined networks (all P > 0.05). However, centrality analysis identified gender-specific core symptoms within the ADL network: “washing clothes” in men (strength = 6.660) and “cooking” in women (strength = 6.669). Furthermore, pathways through which oral health and cognitive function connect to ADL differ between the two subsamples, while “time orientation” serves as the cross-domain bridge symptom (men: 4.520; women: 5.786).ConclusionThese findings elucidate gender-specific functional cores within ADL networks and uncover the inter-domain connection pathways of the cross-domain network, providing a strategic basis for simultaneously improving daily functional limitations, oral health deterioration, and cognitive decline among rural older adults.

Time and temporality in machine learning methods to improve cancer clinical decision support: A literature review.

ABSTRACT The asymmetry between matter and antimatter demands a cause, as simple as it is profound. Here, we show that a single geometric principle chiral‐time equivalence (CTE)‐suffices to generate and correlate the required CP violation with the time orientation of the cosmos. Promoting the Immirzi parameter to a pseudoscalar Nambu–Goldstone field , CTE fixes the leading operators: a shift‐symmetric derivative portal that acts as a dynamical chemical potential in FRW, and a topological term that imprints parity on tensor modes. In thermal equilibrium this structure produces gravity‐assisted leptogenesis, whose magnitude is set at the decoupling temperature by susceptibilities, rather than by tuned departures from equilibrium. A fully flavored Boltzmann network with curvature sources captures flavor transfer and washout, while slow‐roll and resonant regimes are established via thermodynamic and Kubo formulas. Consistency is secured by an EFT analysis (stability, perturbative unitarity, and BBN safety), and by explicit elimination of EC torsion and control of dynamical Chern‐Simons (dCS) birefringence in the small‐coupling domain. The most striking prediction is a sign locking among , tensor chirality , and the drift of , together with a tri‐observable relation that ties to cosmic birefringence and . Thus, a single, symmetry‐protected geometric origin renders the baryon excess testable by TB/EB correlations and stochastic‐wave chirality, and calculable within a minimal, ultraviolet‐anchored effective theory.

With this issue, we open the 76th volume of our journal.This is a remarkable milestone that reflects continuity, scholarly depth, and the ongoing advancement of cartography.For more than seven decades, this journal has accompanied the scientific and technological development of our field and has provided a platform for innovation, critical reflection, and interdisciplinary exchange.Cartography is currently undergoing a phase of dynamic transformation.Digital infrastructures, the growing diversity of geospatial data, and AI-assisted visualization are examples of developments that are not only reshaping our professional tools but also our self-understanding as cartographers.Maps are produced faster, enriched with more data, and are algorithmically more complex than ever before.At the same time, the core questions of our discipline remain: How can spatial relationships be communicated in a comprehensible way?How do we deal with uncertainty?How can we ensure quality, transparency, and traceability in cartographic processes?The new volume addresses these tensions.The contributions in this issue exemplify the diversity of contemporary cartography-ranging from methodological advancements and innovative visualization approaches to practice-oriented urban case studies.They demonstrate that cartography today functions simultaneously as an analytical instrument, a medium of communication, and a foundation for decision-making.Particularly encouraging is the thematic breadth and international scope of the five research articles presented in this issue.They underscore that cartographic questions are relevant across a wide range of societal contexts-whether in environmental and urban planning, mobility design, or the further development of visual representation techniques.We regard this diversity as a strength: it fosters shifts in perspective and enriches our scholarly discourse.

The aim of the paper is to describe genres of English media discourse with the application of Vantage Theory, which investigates category formation with respect to human orientation in space and time. The applied theory constructs categories on the basis of inherently stable and mobile coordinates at two levels: dominant, intensifying focal parameters of the category focus, and recessive, accentuating differences from the focus. It is found that the focus, i.e., the prototype of the media discourse category, is a news text representing recent or recurrent events with the focal parameters of factual information, newsworthiness, persuasion, brevity of form, and clear structure. The dominant vantage of media discourse is represented by an analytical text, intensifying key attributes of a news text by providing interpretation of facts, expert assessment of events, enumerating causes and consequences of the described issue, and stimulating the readers to find a solution to the problem. The category of media discourse has two recessive vantages. The literary recessive vantage decategorises informativity and highlights imagined or emotional descriptions of events in prognostic news texts, which inform the target audience about possible development of the situation in the future, feature articles, providing emotional human-interest stories, and fake news, structured like a prototypical news text, but offering fabricated or distorted facts. The second recessive vantage reflects oral decategorisation by bringing a news text closer to oral face-to-face interaction. This vantage encompasses blogs, which are a digital personal diary aimed at asynchronous responses from numerous followers, interviews, imitating real-life dialogue, and public speeches with a rhetor addressing mass audience via modern technologies.

To present a phase-oriented, relational approach to working with voices and dissociative parts in complex trauma that prioritizes safety, curiosity and internal cooperation over symptom suppression. A single-case vignette (Fenix) illustrates early therapeutic tasks focused on stabilization and fear reduction towards internal experiences. Sessions 1-17 are summarized to show how a consistent, non-judgmental stance fostered time orientation, internal dialogue and emergent leadership of the Adult Self. Across treatment, aggressive commands softened, dissociative phobias decreased and internal communication increased, allowing the client to pause, reflect and respond intentionally. Crisis events (e.g. ER visits, hospitalization, suicidal/homicidal urges) were reframed as communications from the internal system rather than regressions, which reduced shame, promoted engagement and allowed adaptation to the pacing of the work. Within phase-oriented models such as structural dissociation, the work presented corresponds to Phase 1 (stabilization) and prepares the ground for later trauma memory processing and reconnection. The case illustrates how listening to voices-rather than silencing them-can reorganize internal relationships and reduce risk, aligning with existing literature on trauma-related dissociation and voice-hearing.

China is actively promoting cancer drugs insurance (CDI) to alleviate the growing burden of cancer. However, the efficacy of risk information frameworks supplied to consumers in expanding CDI coverage remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the impact of the risk information framework (RIF) on individuals' CDI purchase decisions, as well as the roles played by time orientation and perceived risk within these frameworks. This nationwide online survey enrolled 5,583 eligible participants aged from 18 to 60 years old in August 2025 in China. A randomized survey-based experiment with the designed risk information frameworks was conducted to elicit CDI purchase decisions. Participants were exposed to either a low-risk information framework (LRIF) or a high-risk information framework (HRIF) before making CDI purchase decisions. Descriptive statistics and mediating effect models were used to analyze participants' decisions to purchase CDI. Among 2,825 eligible participants in LRIF, 364 (12.9%) were not insured by CDI, and 1,507 (53.3%) were insured by long-term CDI schemes (selected the option of 3 years). Among 2,758 eligible participants in HRIF, 99 (3.6%) were not insured by CDI, and 1881 (68.2%) were insured by long-term CDI schemes. Under LRIF, the mediating effects of perceived risk between present-oriented attitude and CDI purchase were -0.030 [95%CI: -0.072, -0.003], and between future-oriented attitude and CDI purchase were 0.089 [95%CI: 0.064, 0.118]. Under HRIF, the corresponding mediating effects of perceived risk were -0.006 [95%CI: -0.024, -0.001] and 0.022 [95%CI: 0.010, 0.038]. HRIF could stimulate an individual's CDI adoption. The underlying mechanism may be that HRIF restrains a present-oriented attitude and reinforces a future-oriented one, with perceived risk as a mediating factor. These findings underscore the need to emphasize RIF designs to promote CDI coverage.

Development and Validation of a Culturally Adapted Interactive Game-Based Digital Tool for Screening Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults.

Despite growing interest in the institutional and cultural determinants of corporate governance, limited attention has been paid to how language structure, particularly Future Time Reference (FTR), shapes agency dynamics. This study addresses this gap by integrating agency theory with the principle of linguistic relativity to examine how FTR—a grammatical feature that affects how languages express the future—impacts agency costs across firms and countries. Building on the premise that language influences temporal cognition, we argue that weak-FTR environments reduce the salience of future outcomes, thereby increasing temporal ambiguity in managerial decision-making and elevating agency costs. Using a panel of 20,225 firm-year observations across 17 countries from 2008 to 2020, we find that firms operating in weak-FTR language contexts experience significantly higher agency costs. However, this effect is not deterministic: it is mitigated by two key governance mechanisms. First, managerial risk perception moderates the relationship by reducing ambiguity-driven discretion among risk-averse executives. Second, institutional ownership functions as an external control mechanism, attenuating the adverse cognitive effects of weak-FTR through enhanced monitoring and accountability. By establishing language as a structural yet overlooked antecedent of agency costs, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of cross-national governance variation. It expands agency theory beyond economic incentives to include cognitive-linguistic framing, offering practical implications for multinational firms and policymakers designing governance systems in linguistically diverse contexts. • Language structure shapes agency costs, revealing a key linguistic influence on corporate governance. • Firms in weak-FTR language contexts face significantly higher agency costs. • Managerial risk perception limits discretion and offsets weak-FTR effects on agency costs. • Institutional ownership strengthens monitoring and reduces language-driven agency conflicts.