Tilt Integral Derivative Research Articles

MGSO optimised TID‐based GCSC damping controller in coordination with AGC for diverse‐GENCOs multi‐DISCOs power system with considering GDB and GRC non‐linearity effects

This study presents automatic generation control (AGC) in the presence of a gate controlled series capacitor (GCSC) to provide an effective frequency control ancillary service for a two-area diverse-GENCOs multi-DISCOs power system. First, the contribution of the GCSC in tie-line power exchange is formulated mathematically and then a tilt-integral-derivative (TID)-based damping controller is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed TID-based GCSC-AGC coordinated controller is compared with just AGC, proportional-integral-derivative-based GCSC-AGC, thyristor controlled series capacitor-AGC, static synchronous series compensator-AGC, and thyristor controlled phase shifter-AGC. A modified group search optimisation (MGSO) algorithm is employed to adjust the considered controllers. Physical limitations of generation rate constraint (GRC) non-linearity and governor dead-band (GDB) effect are taken into account in the evaluations to obtain realistic results. Bilateral contracts and pool-co transactions are considered concurrently for the realisation of a competitive environment. Simulations reveal that the proposed controller outperforms the other controllers in providing better dynamic responses. Additional evaluations are performed under the un-contracted step, sinusoidal and random load demands seen as contract violations to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller over other controllers. Sensitivity analyses are performed for different uncertainty scenarios to show the robustness of the proposed control approach.

Design and analysis of tilt integral derivative controller with filter for load frequency control of multi-area interconnected power systems

In this paper, a novel Tilt Integral Derivative controller with Filter (TIDF) is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of multi-area power systems. Initially, a two-area power system is considered and the parameters of the TIDF controller are optimized using Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm employing an Integral of Time multiplied Absolute Error (ITAE) criterion. The superiority of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing the results with some recently published heuristic approaches such as Firefly Algorithm (FA), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) optimized PID controllers for the same interconnected power system. Investigations reveal that proposed TIDF controllers provide better dynamic response compared to PID controller in terms of minimum undershoots and settling times of frequency as well as tie-line power deviations following a disturbance. The proposed approach is also extended to two widely used three area test systems considering nonlinearities such as Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) and Governor Dead Band (GDB). To improve the performance of the system, a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) is also considered and the performance of TIDF controller in presence of TCSC is investigated. It is observed that system performance improves with the inclusion of TCSC. Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out to test the robustness of the proposed controller by varying the system parameters, operating condition and load pattern. It is observed that the proposed controllers are robust and perform satisfactorily with variations in operating condition, system parameters and load pattern.

Excitation control of a synchronous generator using a novel fractional‐order controller

Fractional calculus (FC) is widely used in a variety of fields, such as science and engineering. FC is recognised for its ability to produce a superior modelling and control in dynamical systems. Fractional controllers are known to be more efficient. In this paper, fractional-order control systems are studied with regard to control input energy efficiency, which is a noteworthy issue in designing control systems. In this study, improved tilt-integral–derivative (I-TID) is proposed. To validate the proposed controller, its results were compared with that of proportional–integral (PI) controller, fractional PI (F-PI) controller, and conventional tilt-integral–derivative (TID) controller. A genetic algorithm was used to tune the parameters of the aforementioned controllers. Simulation results revealed that the proposed controller is not only energy efficient, but also fast. The results also indicated that the performance of I-TID is much better than PI, F-PI, and conventional TID.