Thyroid Volume Research Articles

Factors influencing thyroid volume and comparative analysis of thyroid volume correction methods in children aged 8-10 years in Gansu, China.

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between thyroid volume (TVOL) and physical development of children, and explore the suitable TVOL correction methods. 1500 children aged 8-10 years from Gansu province northwest China were selected. The height (H), weight (W), urine iodine of children was measured and their thyroid was examined by ultrasound. Body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and TVOL were calculated (BSA calculated by three formulas). The relationship between TVOL and age, sex, physical development was analyzed. The applicability of TVOL correction methods including BMI corrected volume (BMIV), BSA corrected volume (BSAV), weight and height corrected volume indicator (WHVI) and height corrected volume indicator (HVI) were compared. Median urinary iodine concentrations of children aged 8, 9, 10 years were 166.6 μg/L, 167.2 μg/L and 178.8 μg/L respectively. The rate of iodine deficiency was 20.3%, the rate of thyroid goiter was 3.2%. Physical development indexes (height, weight, BMI and BSA) and TVOL increased with age. Also, physical development indexes (height, weight, BMI and BSA) of boys were higher than girls (p <0.05). Only BSAV1 had no correlation with all physical development indexes (p >0.05). The TVOL P97 (97th percentile) of children aged 8, 9, 10 years were 4.4 ml, 4.9 ml, 6.5 ml, the values were 4.6 mL, 4.7 mL, 5.9 mL after BSAV1 corrected. The difference between TVOL and BSAV1 ranges from -0.37% to 0.36%. The thyroid volume is not only affected by age, but it is also affected by physical development. Thyroid goiter should be assessed based on age and physical development. The formula BSAV1=TVOL/ (W0.425×H0.725×71.84×10-4) was a suitable TVOL correction method.

Association of thyroid radiation dose with thyroid dysfunction in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by maintenance immunotherapy.

Association of thyroid radiation dose with thyroid dysfunction in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by maintenance immunotherapy.

Study of Thyroid Nodules and Volume in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Study of Thyroid Nodules and Volume in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Thyroid volume - new reference values for defining thyroid enlargement.

Upper reference values for thyroid volume are 25 ml for men and 18 ml for women. Thyroid volume alters with age, body weight, body height and iodine status, which is not considered in the current limits. The aim was to develop reference equations, considering age, body weight and height to calculate individual reference values for thyroid volume. This cross-sectional study, used data from three independent cohorts (SHIP-START, SHIP-TREND, KORA-F4) in Germany. SHIP-START-0, a population-based health survey carried out in Northern Germany, from 1997-2001. SHIP-TREND-0, a second independent sample of the same study region, carried out between 2008-2012. KORA F4, a population-based health survey, conducted between 2006-2008 in Southern Germany. A total of 11,549 individuals (51% women) were included in data analysis. 8,606 individuals (45% women) were used as the thyroid-healthy reference population, when developing equations. Sex-stratified quantile regression models for the 95th percentile using age, body weight and height as explanatory variables, were performed. Overall reference value for men was 38.7 ml, for women 28.6 ml. According to the established cut-offs, 34% of the overall population would have had goitre compared to 7% when using our equations. Upper reference values for thyroid volume are too low for an adult, previously iodine deficient population and do not consider age, body weight and height. Using individualised equations reduces the prevalence of thyroid enlargement substantially and can lead to a decrease in overdiagnoses and use of medical resources.

Genetic heterogeneity in patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct and Pendred syndrome

BackgroundPathogenic variants in the SLC26A4 gene, encoding for Cl−/HCO3− and I− anion transporter pendrin, are associated with non-syndromic hearing loss with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (NSEVA) and Pendred syndrome (PDS). In the Caucasian population, up to 75% of patients fail to identify a genetic cause through biallelic mutations in the SLC26A4 gene. The CEVA haplotype could therefore play an important role in the diagnostics of NSEVA. The aim of the study was to determine the genetic etiology of hearing loss with EVA or with fully developed PDS in 37 probands and the functional characterization of novel variants identified in the SLC26A4 gene.MethodsTo determine the genetic etiology, Sanger sequencing, WES and KASP genotyping assay were used. Functional characterization of SLC26A4 variants c.140G>A (p.R47Q), c.415G>A (p.G139R), c.441G>A (p.M147I), c.481T>A (p.F161I), c.1589A>C (p.Y530S) and c.2260del (p.D754Ifs*5) involved determination of iodide influx, total and plasma membrane pendrin expression level and subcellular localization of pendrin by confocal imaging. The nanopore sequencing of nasopharyngeal swab samples was performed to confirm the pathogenic effect of potential splice site variant c.415G>A.ResultsBiallelic variants in the SLC26A4 gene (M2 genotype) were identified in ten probands and a complete CEVA haplotype was confirmed in three probands harbouring SLC26A4 monoallelic variants (M1 genotype). Fifteen variants in the SLC26A4 gene were identified in total, three of which are novel. The functional characterization of the novel variants and variants which were not yet functionally characterized confirmed the pathogenic potential of five out of six tested variants (p.G139R, p.M147I, p.Y530S, p.D754Ifs*5, and p.F161I). Analysis of nasopharyngeal swab samples confirmed exon 4 skipping due to novel variant SLC26A4:c.415G>A. Probands with biallelic SLC26A4 variants had significantly larger thyroid volume per m2 of body surface area than subjects with monoallelic SLC26A4 variants and the CEVA haplotype.ConclusionsThe genetic aetiology was determined in 13 out of 37 probands (35%), seven manifested with PDS and six with NSEVA. The present study highlights the importance of functional testing to confirm the pathogenicity of SLC26A4 variants and the phenotype-genotype correlation in SLC26A4-related disorders.

Sonographic evaluation of thyroid volume and morphology over time in children with hashimoto's thyroiditis

Sonographic evaluation of thyroid volume and morphology over time in children with hashimoto's thyroiditis

Predicting radiation-induced hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients using a deep learning model.

Predicting radiation-induced hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients using a deep learning model.

Prophylactic central neck dissection in clinically node-negative papillary thyroid carcinoma: 10-year impact on surgical and oncologic outcomes.

Prophylactic central neck dissection in clinically node-negative papillary thyroid carcinoma: 10-year impact on surgical and oncologic outcomes.

Real-time morphological and dosimetric adaptation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy: insights from autosegmented fractional fan-beam CT

BackgroundTo quantify morphological and dosimetric variations in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) radiotherapy via autosegmented fan-beam computed tomography (FBCT) and to inform decision-making regarding appropriate objectives and optimal timing for adaptive radiotherapy (ART).MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 23 NPC patients (681 FBCT scans) treated at Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center from August 2022 to May 2024. The inclusion criterion was as follows: ≥1 weekly FBCT via a CT-linac with ≤ 2 fractions between scans. Four deep learning-based autosegmentation models were developed to assess weekly volume, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and dose variations in organs at risk (OARs) and target volumes.ResultsA systematic review of autosegmentation on FBCT scans demonstrated satisfactory accuracy overall, and missegmentation was manually modified. Linear decreases in volume and/or DSC were observed in the parotid glands, submandibular glands, thyroid, spinal cord, and target volumes (R² > 0.7). The linear dose variation included coverage of the low risk planning target volume (-3.01%), the mean dose to the parotid glands (+ 2.45 Gy) and thyroid (+ 1.18 Gy), the D1% of the brainstem (+ 0.56 Gy), and the maximum dose to the spinal cord (+ 1.12 Gy). The greatest reduction in target volume coverage was noted in PGTVns, reaching 7.15%. The most significant dose changes occurred during weeks 3–6.ConclusionsDuring NPC radiotherapy, the progressive dose deviations may not be corrected through repositioning alone, necessitating ART intervention. As dose variations in OARs rarely exceed 3 Gy and target coverage fluctuations remain within 10%, ART does not need to be performed frequently, and weeks 3–6 represent the most appropriate window.

Extracervical approach for retrosternal goiter

To analyze treatment outcomes in patients with retrosternal goiter. There were 13 patients aged 32-77 years with retrosternal goiter between 2016 and 2024. The ratio of men and women was 2:11. Twelve patients underwent thyroidectomy, one patient - video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy with resection of aberrant goiter. Among 12 patients, thyroidectomy through collotomy was performed in 6 patients, sternotomy was performed in 5 patients. Aberrant goiter was removed through thoracotomy in one patient with recurrent retrosternal goiter. Complicated postoperative period was observed in 4 patients. Two patients underwent postoperative tracheostomy (prevention of respiratory failure following high risk of bilateral paresis of recurrent laryngeal nerves in one case and laryngeal edema in the second case). There were no deaths in long-term period. Preoperative planning should include CT-based analysis of intrathoracic component of thyroid gland and volume of chest cavity. This is valuable to plan the optimal surgical approach and reduces the risk of intraoperative complications.

Biochemical and Ultrasonographic Parameters Predicting Long-Term Hypothyroidism After Subacute Thyroiditis.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) represents an inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland, often resulting from viral infections or post-viral inflammatory responses. Long-term hypothyroidism is a possible evolution, requiring frequent follow-up and, if necessary, levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy. We retrospectively included 139 patients (out of 428) with SAT referring to the "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS" (Rome), between 2010 and 2022 to identify predictive parameters for long-term hypothyroidism. We evaluated TSH, FT4, and FT3 at four timepoints (diagnosis, 4-8 weeks, 10-20 weeks, and 28-54 weeks). We started LT4 therapy in patients with TSH > 10 μUI/mL or between 4-10 μUI/mL, with symptoms of hypothyroidism. "Long-term hypothyroidism" was defined as TSH > 4 μUI/mL after LT4 reduction and/or withdrawal. Univariate analysis showed correlations between long-term hypothyroidism and higher FT3 and FT4 and positive anti-Tg Abs at diagnosis and higher changes in TSH values (ΔTSH), decreased thyroid volume, and persistence of hypoechoic areas during follow-up. Furthermore, more severe thyrotoxicosis at presentation may be associated with a faster progression to hypothyroidism, likely due to greater thyroid damage. Multivariable analysis found ΔTSH (TP2-TP1) as an independent predictor of hypothyroidism. We propose specific biochemical and ultrasonographic parameters at diagnosis and during follow-up as possible predictors of long-term hypothyroidism after SAT, reducing treatment and healthcare costs for most patients who will never require replacement therapy.

Thyroid Diseases in Patients With Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumours.

Due to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, thyroid disease is often associated with pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs). However, the associations across different PitNETs subtypes remain underexplored. This study investigates the characteristics of thyroid disease in patients with different PitNETs subtypes and evaluates the impact of PitNETs treatment on thyroid disease. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 168 patients with PitNETs who were categorised into 3 groups: GH (n = 53), PRL (n = 65) and NF (n = 50). All patients underwent thyroid ultrasonography, pituitary tests and thyroid function tests before treatment and 1 year after treatment. Thyroid volume was significantly larger in the GH group (30.78 ± 7.87 mL, p < 0.01). The incidence of thyroid goitre and nodules was markedly higher in the GH group (73.58%, p < 0.01; 54.17%, p < 0.01), with a significantly higher proportion of multiple thyroid nodules in the GH group (79.31%, p < 0.01). Autoimmune thyroiditis was more common in PRL group (18.46%, p = 0.04), associated with elevated TPOAb (169.63 ± 325.28 IU/mL, p = 0.02) and TGAb antibody levels (236.23 ± 379.91 IU/mL, p = 0.02). One-year postoperative follow-up, the postoperative thyroid volume decreased from 23.45 ± 8.99 mL to 20.42 ± 6.48 mL (p < 0.01). The incidence of thyroid goiter decreased from 36.90% to 13.10% (p < 0.01). In patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, TPOAb and TGAb levels decreased significantly after treatment (p = 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). Increased thyroid volume, goiter and multiple nodules are prevalent in GH-PitNETs patients, while autoimmune thyroiditis predominates in PRL-PitNETs. Treatment of PitNETs alleviates these thyroid manifestations. Routine thyroid ultrasound monitoring is recommended for PitNETs patients.

Clinical and Dosimetric Predictors of Early Onset Postradiation Hypothyroidism in Patients with Head and Neck Malignancies: A Logistic Regression Analysis.

Hypothyroidism commonly occurs as a side effect following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies, yet limited information exists to predict the risk of postradiation hypothyroidism. This study aims to investigate the clinical and dosimetric factors that may predict early onset postradiation hypothyroidism (EO-PRH). A retrospective study was conducted on patients with head and neck cancer treated between 2018 and 2021, with a minimum follow-up duration of 12 months. The thyroid gland was contoured on computed tomography (CT) scans, and dose-volume histograms were analyzed, incorporating thyroid volume and V5-60 into the analysis. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed to identify predictors and assess the model's predictive value. Among the 84 eligible patients, 17 (20.2%) developed hypothyroidism within 1 year. The percentage of thyroid volume receiving 30 Gy (V30) emerged as the sole significant dosimetric predictor of EO-PRH (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.005-1.05, p = 0.03). Univariable analysis revealed significant differences in cancer histopathology, primary tumor site, V15,30, and VS15,30 (the volume of the thyroid spared from radiation doses 15 Gy and 30 Gy) between the hypothyroid and euthyroid groups (p < 0.10). Multivariable analysis identified the primary cancer site (OR 9.09, 95% CI 1.59-100) and V30 (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.007-1.76) as independent significant variables predicting EO-PRH. The predictive model incorporating cancer histopathology, primary tumor site, V15,30, and VS15,30 effectively predicted postradiation thyroid dysfunction (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC-ROC] 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.95, p < 0.001). V30 could serve as a dosimetric predictor of hypothyroidism following neck radiotherapy. This study underscores that a predictive model encompassing cancer type and site, along with V15,30 and VS15,30, can effectively predict EO-PRH.

Thyroid volumes after intensity-modulated radiotherapy as predictors of radiation-induced hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective study.

Thyroid volumes after intensity-modulated radiotherapy as predictors of radiation-induced hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective study.

Biomarker potential of serum microRNAs in thyroid nodules patients residing in high water iodine areas.

Biomarker potential of serum microRNAs in thyroid nodules patients residing in high water iodine areas.

The impact of insulin resistance on thyroid function and the prevalence of thyroid follicular nodular disease in pregnant women.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a phenomenon commonly observed in pregnancy. Increased insulin concentrations might impact thyroid function and structure during gestation. This study investigates the bidirectional relationship between IR indices and thyroid function and morphology in pregnant women. In 1,069 gravid participants of the Polish National Programme for Elimination of Iodine Deficiency (2007-2017), blood samples were analyzed for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), FT3, FT4, aTPO, fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, and the thyroid structure was assessed with ultrasound (in 1,065 subjects). Based on calculated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, participants were stratified into two subgroups: HOMA-nl (HOMA-IR <2.5) and HOMA-h (HOMA-IR ≥2.5), comprising 894 and 175 women, respectively. Significant difference in mean TSH (1.77 ± 1.17 vs 1.96 ± 1.04; P = 0.008) and mean FT4 (12.65 ± 2.3 vs 11.47 ± 1.9; P = 0.001) concentrations between HOMA-nl and HOMA-h groups was found. The subgroups did not differ in thyroid nodularity or multinodular goiter prevalence. HOMA-IR positively correlated with TSH concentrations, BMI and thyroid volume. Serum FT3 and FT4 concentrations showed negative correlations with HOMA-IR. IR seems to affect the thyroid function of gravid women by diminishing the ability to respond to increased thyroid hormone demand. Thyroid volume increase during pregnancy may be influenced by IR; however, its short-term effect on thyroid nodularity appears to be negligible.

Prognostic significance of ultrasonography in diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis in children

Background. Currently, ultrasound is used to diagnose autoimmune thyroiditis, the frequency of which is increasing in Ukraine and other countries. At the same time, the normal size of the thyroid is different from the World Health Organization (WHO) and literature data and depends on many factors including location. Consequently, purpose of our research is to investigate the prognostic value of ultrasound indicators to verify the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis and determine the normal thyroid size in healthy children of different gender. Materials and methods. In the first stage, thyroid ultrasound was carried out in 132 children (55 boys and 77 girls) aged 11.68 ± 4.05 years with autoimmune thyroiditis. For comparison, 577 children (268 boys and 309 girls) aged 11.49 ± 4.11 years without thyroid pathology were selected. In the second stage, thyroid ultrasound was carried out in 844 children (367 boys and 477 girls) aged 1–17 years without thyroid pathology. Ultrasound examination was performed using a Toshiba Aplio 500 device with a 10.0–15.0 MHz linear transducer in the Medical Center “JMC” (Dnipro). We used parametric and nonparametric statistical methods (StatSoft Statistica for Windows). Results. Ultrasound changes of the thyroid in children with autoimmune thyroiditis were as follows: increased volume (31.06 %), decreased volume (4.55 %), thyroid isthmus thickening was recorded in 14.29 % of girls. Moreover, there were changes in the echostructure and echogenicity of the thyroid, nodules in the right (21.2 %) and left lobes (18.94 %), with increased vascular pulsation (39 %). Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CІ), sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), accuracy (Ac), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were established by ultrasound criteria. For abnormal thyroid volume, OR = 10, CІ [6.12; 16.31]; Se = 35.6 %; Sp = 94.8 %; Ac = 83.8 %; PPV = 61 %; NPV = 86.6 %. For isthmus thickening, OR = 3.52, CІ [1.84; 6.76]; Se = 12.9 %; Sp = 96 %; Ac = 80.5 %; PPV = 42.5 %; NPV = 82.8 %. For lesions in the lobes, OR = 770.1, CІ [47.11; 12784.28]; Se = 40.2 %; Sp = 100 %; Ac = 88.9 %; PPV = 100 %; NPV = 87.96 %. For increased vascular pulsation, OR = 247.06, CІ [33.86; 1816.63]; Se = 29.6 %; Sp = 99.8 %; Ac = 87.2 %; PPV = 97.5 %; NPV = 86 %. The Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a strong monotonic relationship between thyroid volume and body weight (R = 0.78), and height (R = 0.77), and age (R = 0.70), p &lt; 0.05. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient for thyroid volume and body mass index showed a moderate strength monotonic relationship (R = 0.55), p &lt; 0.05. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient for thyroid volume and body surface area indicated a moderate strength monotonic relationship (R = 0.67), p &lt; 0.05. The benefit of this study is that children of all genders had higher upper limits (97th percentile) of normal thyroid volume than the WHO data in 2007, but corresponded to the findings of scientists from Japan (Fukushima). And only in girls with a body surface area of more than 1.7 m2, the thyroid volume was larger and similar to normal for women. The median thyroid volume of children, regardless of gender, was close to that obtained by scientists from Poland and China. These features should be considered when assessing thyroid volume in children. There is also a need to develop the value tables and sigma deviations of thyroid volume in healthy children taking into account gender, age and body surface area both in individual countries and large cities. Conclusions. Ultrasound signs of autoimmune thyroiditis such as abnormal thyroid volume, isthmus thickening, lesions in the lobes, increased vascular pulsation had a low sensitivity and high specificity. Therefore, ultrasonography as a non-invasive diagnostic method is more useful for conducting screening studies in children to verify the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis. Thyroid volume values in healthy children, taking into account gender, age and body surface area, differed from the WHO indicators, and a comparative analysis of the literature data considering the place of residence of the examined children indicated the need to use regional indicators of the normal size of the thyroid gland.

Ultrasound Measurement of Thyroid Volume in Healthy Children.

Various thyroid diseases can lead to changes in the volume of the gland. Therefore, it is important to know the normal thyroid volume. The primary aim of this investigation was to establish normative values for thyroid gland volume using ultrasonography in children aged 0-18 years in Turkey.A retrospective analysis was conducted on thyroid ultrasound findings from 800 children (400 boys, 400 girls) between 2019 and 2020. Pediatric age groups were classified into 20 categories for children aged 0-18. Among these 20 groups, the initial 3 pertain to the 0-1 age range, encompassing infants aged 0-1 month, 1-6 months, and 6-12 months. Each age group consisted of 20 boys and 20 girls.The volume of each thyroid lobe was computed in milliliters using Brunn's formula, which involves multiplying the maximal anteroposterior diameter, mediolateral diameter, and craniocaudal diameter of the lobe by the correction factor 0.479.Data analysis employed the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS version 24.0. All analyses were conducted at a 95% confidence interval, and significance was set at P < 0.05.Mean thyroid volumes of 800 children were determined for each age group. Thyroid volume exhibited a strong correlation with age. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.987 (P = 0.001).Given the scarcity of comprehensive studies in the literature focusing on thyroid volume in children aged 0-18 across various age groups, we believe that our findings for each age group can provide valuable insights for daily clinical practice.

Clinical phenotype of Graves' disease in Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome or as isolated disease: the GRAPHE study.

Graves' disease can occur as an isolated condition or as part of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome; there are no data regarding the differences in phenotype between these two forms. To assess differences in clinical presentation, complications, and outcomes in patients with isolated Graves' disease compared to those in whom Graves' disease is part of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. GRAPHE study is a retrospective observational study. The medical records of all patients with Graves' disease diagnosed and regularly followed at outpatient clinics for Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Surgery, from January 1, 2010, to June 30, 2024 were retrieved. All the patients were followed by the same Endocrinologists and treated in accordance with existing guidelines. 567 patients (77% women) were enrolled. The patients were divided into three different groups based of Graves' disease phenotypes: subjects affected by isolated Graves' disease (Isolated GD); patients that developed autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (GD1-APS), and patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome that developed Graves' disease during follow-up (GD2-APS). The three groups were superimposable for gender (p = 0.086), fT4 (p=0.899), fT3 (p=0.434), TRAb titers (p = 0.882), and thyroid volume (p=0.840) at disease onset. Isolated GD patients exhibited Graves' orbitopathy more frequently (p<0.001), a higher rate of definitive therapy (p<0.001) and shorter time between disease onset and definitive therapy (p<0.001) compared to the GD1-APS and GD2-APS patients. The results of the present study show that, despite similar clinical and biochemical phenotype at presentation, a more severe clinical course characterizes isolated GD patients compared to those whose disease is a feature of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.

Does the island area also need to insist on salt iodization to prevent iodine deficiency disorders? a cross-sectional survey in Hainan Province, China.

To investigate the epidemiology and related factors of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Hainan Province, to know the iodine nutrition status and thyroid disease status of residents, and to explore whether salt iodization should be adopted to prevent and control IDD in island areas. To provide a basis for the effective implementation of scientific iodine supplement prevention and control strategy. All 21 cities, counties (districts) in the province were investigated. Superficial soil, residential drinking water, common food, urine samples of children, adults and pregnant women, household salt samples, thyroid B-ultrasound of adults and pregnant women, adult blood samples were collected. Soil iodine, water iodine, food iodine, urine iodine, daily salt intake, salt iodine, thyroid volume, nodules and thyroid function were measured. The median iodine content in soil was 4.37mg/kg, the median iodine content in drinking water was 6.0μg/L, the iodized salt coverage rate was 98.6%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.9%. The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) in children and adults was 180.3μg/L and 151.6μg/L, respectively, which was the adequate level of iodine. The median urinary iodine in pregnant women was 144.6μg/L, which was slightly lower than the adequate level. The main source of iodine intake was salt iodine, which contributed 59.8% to total dietary iodine. Kelp, milk and seaweed, whose contribution rates were 8.2%, 7.3% and 6.6%, respectively. The total iodine contribution rate of other foods was 18.1%, among which the contribution rate of fish, shrimp and crabs was only 2.4%. The overall prevalence of thyroid diseases was 27.01%. The detection rates of subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism in males were significantly higher than those in females, and the detection rates of thyroid nodules and goiter were significantly lower than those in females. The detection rates of thyroid nodules in central mountainous areas were significantly higher than those in eastern and western coastal areas. At present, the iodine nutrition level in Hainan Province is generally in a suitable state, and the iodine intake of residents mainly comes from iodized salt. The strategy of salt iodization prevention and control of IDD should be adhered to in island area.