Thrips Palmi Karny Research Articles

The Beneficial Effects of Soluble Silicon Fertilizer in Dendrobium Orchids: Silicon-Augmented Resistance against Damage by Insect Pests and Fungal Pathogens.

The effects of soluble silicon fertilization on monocots and dicots have been widely studied. However, little is known regarding its effects on protecting epiphytes against insect and fungal pests. The efficacy of silicon fertilizer to reduce damage by thrips pest complexes, namely: Thrips palmi Karny, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, Chaetanaphothrips orchidii Moulton, and Chaetanaphothrips signipennis Bagnall (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and the fungal pathogens: Botrytis cinerea Persoon (Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae) and Fusarium spp. Link (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) was examined during a nine-month greenhouse trial in Hawaii. The trial assessed yield, quality, and pest damage across three common varieties of dendrobiums. All replicates received additional soluble silicon fertilizer applications alternating weekly between soil drench and foliar (50 mg Si/plant) applications. Yield, quality, and spray length, pest damage, plant vigor, SPAD, and leaf temperature were measured. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear model (glm) with repeated measures followed by post-hoc pair-wise comparisons in R, version 4.3.1. Treatment effects were significant at p < 0.001 for the majority of the explanatory variables including: marketable yield, spray length, thrips damage, and fungal damage. Overall, the lavender variety ('Uniwai Supreme') benefited the most from silicon applications with a 73.0% increase in marketable yield, compared to the white variety ('Uniwai Mist'), which had an increase of 50.6% marketable sprays in contrast to its untreated control. Si benefits conferred to the purple variety ('Uniwai Royale') were intermediate to the lavender and white varieties. Although the magnitude of Si benefits varied among the varieties, all dendrobium varieties significantly benefited from silicon fertilization.

Effectiveness of Botanical Pesticides from Wastes of Virginia Tobacco Stems in Reducing Populations of Leaf-Sucking Pest and Occurrence of Virus Disease Symptoms on Potato Plants

The potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a tuber-producing plant which is rich in carbohydrates, protein and minerals, and can be used as a staple food, and potatoes have great potential as one of the horticultural crops that can support world food diversification. One of the constraining factors in increasing potato productivity is leaf-sucking pests including aphids (Aphids spp.,), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), and thrips (Thrips Palmi Karny), which besides damaging plants directly, can act as vectors for viruses that cause potato plant diseases such as Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV). These two viruses can cause quite severe damage and through the health of the seeds they produce, they can reduce potato productivity by up to 70-80%. This study aims to determine the effect of several concentrations of botanical pesticides from Virginia tobacco stem waste on the emergence of viral disease symptoms in potato plants. The experiment was carried out in Sembalun Bumbung Village, East Lombok Regency (Indonesia), which was arranged using a Randomized Block Design consisting of 6 treatments namely control, abamectin, and Virginia tobacco stem waste botanical pesticides with concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 8 ml/L. The results showed that the botanical pesticides from Virginia tobacco stem waste were effective in reducing leaf-sucking pest populations and suppressing the intensity of leaf-sucking pest attacks and were able to suppress the emergence of viral disease symptoms, with a concentration of 8 ml/L botanical pesticides more effective than other treatments in controlling populations. and attacks by potato leaf-sucking pests suspected as virus vectors.

Thrips vectors of tospoviruses on tomato in South India

The present study was undertaken to determine distribution of thrips species from major tomato growing regions in South India (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh). The thrips species were identified using molecular techniques employing universal barcoding primer (mt-COI). These revealed the presence of six species viz., Thrips palmi Karny, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), Thrips apicatus Priesner and Tusothrips sumatrensis (Karny). Of these, T. palmi was found to be predominant in all the states surveyed followed by S. dorsalis, F. schultzei and T. tabaci.

Species Diversity of Thrips on Cotton

Exploratory surveys were conducted to study the diversity of thrips species on cotton at Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu. Taxonomic studies revealed the presence of three species, viz. Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood,Thrips palmi Karny and Thrips tabaci Lindeman on leaves and four species, viz. Thrips florum Schmutz,Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan), Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) and Thrips parvispinus (Karny) in flowers.T. parvispinus is one of the notorious pest species of South East Asia and also a serious pest of quarantineimportance. F. schultzei, S. dorsalis, T. palmi and T. tabaci are notorious pests as well as vectors of plantviruses. Since these species may attain major pest status, the report demands regular monitoring andsurveys in cotton.

Analysis of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) diversity in avocado shows the presence of a new species and limitations of using the COI gene for differentiation of two species

Thrips are important pests of avocados causing damage to the fruits, making themunsuitable for exportation. Many of them are quarantine species and their identification isnecessary. Despite their importance, not many studies describe thrips diversity on avocado,especially in Colombia, partly because identification of some of the species is difficult usingclassical taxonomic keys. In this study, 93 adult thrips specimens were collected on avocadoand adventitious dandelion plants from plantations in the department of Antioquia, Colombia. Morphological characters were used to classify 62 of them and all of them were analyzed by PCR amplification and sequencing of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The species identified by morphological features were Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton, F. gossypiana Hood, F. panamensis Hood, Liothrips perseae Watson, Thrips palmi Karny, T. simplex (Morison), T. trehernei Priesner, Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford DL), and Scirtothrips hansoni Mound &amp; Hoddle (Tubulifera), being F. panamensis, M. abdominalis, and S. hansoni reported for the first time on avocado in Colombia. Thrips simplex and T. trehernei were also found on adventitious dandelion plants, but not on avocado. Phylogenetic analysis of COI and ITS sequences showed that most species, except for F. gardeniae and F. gossypiana were mainly identified with the COI gene. Furthermore, FST values obtained between them suggest no genetic differentiation at COI level. The results obtained here contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of thrips species found on the avocado crop in Colombia and are meaningful for pest management.

Rosmarinus officinialis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), a Promising Repellent Plant for Thrips Management.

A number of thrips species are among the most significant agricultural pests globally. Use of repellent intercrop plants is one of the key components in plant-based 'push-pull' strategies to manage pest populations. In this study, the behavioral responses of three thrips species, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), and Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to Rosmarinus officinalis were investigated in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays and cage experiments. In addition, the major volatile compounds from rosemary were identified and the effect of the individual compounds on thrips behavior was evaluated. Females and males of the three thrips species were significantly repelled by the volatiles from cut rosemary leaves. The presence of rosemary plants significantly reduced settlement of females of the three thrips species and eggs laid by F. occidentalis females on target host plants. In total, 47 compounds were identified in the volatiles collected from the cut leaves of rosemary plants. The responses of the three thrips species to 10 major volatile compounds showed significant differences. However, α-pinene, the most abundant volatile, was repellent to F. occidentalis and F. intonsa. Eucalyptol, the second most abundant volatile, showed significant repellent activity to all the three thrips species. Our findings showed that rosemary is a promising repellent plant against the three thrips pests we tested, which could be a good candidate for 'push' plants in plant-based 'push-pull' strategies. The identified volatile compounds that accounted for the repellent activity could be developed as repellents for sustainable thrips management.

Morphology and Distribution of the Antennal Sensilla of Two Species, Megalurothrips usitatus and Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

The morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla of Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall and Thrips palmi Karny were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These are serious pests of various economically important crops, and their antennae are important in chemical communication. The antennae of both species consist of a scape, pedicel, and flagellum, but the flagellum of M. usitatus is made up of six sub-segments, whereas that of T. palmi consists of five sub-segments. Seven morphological sensilla types, including Böhm bristle (BB), sensilla campaniformia (Sca), three types of sensilla basiconica (Sb1, Sb2 and Sb3), two types of sensilla chaetica (Sch1 and Sch2), sensilla styloconica (Sst), sensilla trichodea (St), and sensilla cavity (Scav), were recorded in both species. The scape and pedicels exhibited Sch1, BB and Sca. The flagellum exhibited two types of Sch, three types of Sb, St, Sst and Scav. Based on these results, the putative function of the sensilla of M. usitatus and T. palmi are also discussed.

The First Report of miRNAs from a Thysanopteran Insect, Thrips palmi Karny Using High-Throughput Sequencing.

Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the sole vector of Watermelon bud necrosis tospovirus, where the crop loss has been estimated to be around USD 50 million annually. Chemical insecticides are of limited use in the management of T. palmi due to the thigmokinetic behaviour and development of high levels of resistance to insecticides. There is an urgent need to find out an effective futuristic management strategy, where the small RNAs especially microRNAs hold great promise as a key player in the growth and development. miRNAs are a class of short non-coding RNAs involved in regulation of gene expression either by mRNA cleavage or by translational repression. We identified and characterized a total of 77 miRNAs from T. palmi using high-throughput deep sequencing. Functional classifications of the targets for these miRNAs revealed that majority of them are involved in the regulation of transcription and translation, nucleotide binding and signal transduction. We have also validated few of these miRNAs employing stem-loop RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and Northern blot. The present study not only provides an in-depth understanding of the biological and physiological roles of miRNAs in governing gene expression but may also lead as an invaluable tool for the management of thysanopteran insects in the future.

Pest Identification Guide: Melon Thrips, Thrips palmi Karny

Melon thrips transmits Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV), Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). This species is primarily a foliage feeder (except in pepper and eggplant, where flowers are more preferred). Feeding on the leaves results in yellowing followed by death of leaf. Leaf feeding can also cause terminal growth to be discolored, stunted, and malformed. Feeding on fruit may cause scarring and malformed fruit. Learn to identify the melon thrips with this 2-page illustrated guide written by Jeffrey D. Cluever and Hugh A. Smith, and published by the Department of Entomology and Nematology, May 2016. ENY-2033/IN1126: Pest Identification Guide: Melon Thrips Thrips palmi Karny (ufl.edu)

Normes OEPP EPPO Standards

Normes OEPP EPPO Standards

Normes OEPP ‐ Diagnostic/EPPO Standards ‐ Diagnostics

Normes OEPP ‐ Diagnostic/EPPO Standards ‐ Diagnostics

Normes OEPP EPPO Standards

Normes OEPP EPPO Standards

Normes OEPP EPPO Standards Diagnostics Diagnostic

Normes OEPP EPPO Standards Diagnostics Diagnostic

Insecticidal effect of high carbon dioxide atmospheres on thrips eggs oviposited in plant tissue

Thrips are damaging crop pests, but their eggs are difficult to detect for farmers and agricultural inspectors. We investigated the insecticidal effects of an elevated carbon dioxide atmosphere on thrips eggs oviposited within plant tissues. Percent mortality of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), Thrips tabaci Lindeman, and Thrips palmi Karny exposed to 60 % CO2 was evaluated at different temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 34 °C) and durations. Egg mortality of all four species increased with CO2 exposure duration at each temperature, and the time required to achieve 100 % mortality decreased as the temperature increased between 20–30 °C. Exposure to 60 % CO2 at 30 °C for 12 h is considered to be 100 % lethal to most thrips pests of fresh agricultural produce. Our findings suggested that CO2 treatment could be used to propagate thrips-free plants in horticultural nurseries.

Record of Thrips on Mango

During a trial in 2009 at Moorapoor Village, Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu, for control of mango hoppers and thrips using entomo-pathogens, inflorescences were seen to harbour different species of thrips. Close microscopic observation revealed presence of Frankliniella schultzei (Tryb.), Thrips palmi Karny, T. hawaiiensis (Morgan) and T. subnudula. However, Thrips palmi was the predominant species whereas, for the first time Frankliniella schultzai and Thrips subnudula (Karny, 1927) are reported here on inflorescence of mango in India.

Responses of five adult thrips species (Thysanoptera; Thripidae) to high-carbon dioxide atmospheres at different temperatures

The effect of high carbon dioxide atmospheres (60% CO2) at different temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 34°C) on adult female mortality in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Thrips palmi Karny, and Thrips parvispinus Karny were tested. Mortality of the five thrips species increased with CO2 exposure duration at each temperature. Median lethal times (LT50) and times required to achieve 100% mortality due to CO2 exposure decreased with increasing temperature, for all thrips species. Exposure to 60% CO2 atmospheres at 30°C is considered to be 100% lethal within 24 h to most pests of fresh agricultural produce. Our findings suggest that CO2 treatment could be used to propagate thrips-free plants in horticultural nurseries, and as a quarantine tool for controlling insects in/on transported plants.

Normes OEPP EPPO Standards Diagnostics Diagnostic

Normes OEPP EPPO Standards Diagnostics Diagnostic

Thrips: Pests of Concern to China and the United States

Thrips are among the most important agricultural pests globally because of the damage inflicted by their oviposition, feeding, and ability to transmit plant viruses. Because of their invasiveness, a number of pest species are common to both China and the United States and present significant challenges to growers of a wide range of crops in both countries. Among the pest thrips common to both countries are four of the major global thrips pests, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, Thrips palmi Karny, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman. This review addresses characteristics that enable thrips to be such damaging pests and how biological attributes of thrips create challenges for their management. Despite these challenges, a number of successful management tactics have been developed for various cropping systems. We discuss some of these tactics that have been developed, including the use of cultural controls, biological controls, and judicious use of insecticides that do not disrupt overall pest management programs. The exchange of this type of information will help to facilitate management of pest thrips, especially in regions where species have recently invaded. A prime example is F. occidentalis, the western flower thrips, which is native to the United States, but has recently invaded China. Therefore, management tactics developed in the United States can be adapted to China. Because further success in management of thrips requires a thorough understanding of thrips ecology, we discuss areas of future research and emphasize the importance of collaboration among different countries to enhance our overall understanding of the biology and ecology of thrips and to improve management programs for these widespread pests.

BIOEFFICACY OF PHOTORHABDUS LUMINESCENS, A SYMBIOTIC BACTERIUM AGAINST THRIPS PALMI KARNY (THRIPIDAE: THYSANOPTERA)

ABSTRACT The primary and secondary forms of Photorhabdus luminescens a symbitotic bacterium of an entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indica (RCR) was evaluated against Thrips palmi Karny a serious pest on cotton. The treatment included different concentration (101 to 1010 cells/ CFS/ml) of cells and cells free supernatant which was obtained by centrifugation (4000 rpm for 20 min) of broth culture. The treatment was imposed through potter’s tower on aphid colony containing (20 per leaf/replication plants). Observation of aphid mortality was recorded at 24 and 48 hr. The results revealed that both the forms were pathogenic to T. palmi but the cells free supernatant (CFS) of both the forms was more virulent than cells causing high mortality within 24 to 48 hr. The cells of primary and secondary form recorded 67.50 and 72.50 per cent mortality whereas corresponding CFS recorded 85.00 and 80.00 per cent mortality, respectively at the concentration of 1010 cells/ ml. The LC50 of both primary 2.38× 107 cells/ml and secondary form cells 2.35 × 107 cells / ml and CFS of P. luminescens decreased with increase in exposure time from 24 to 48 hr. These results indicate the possibility of developing CFS as a potential biocontrol component against T. palmi.

Thrips Species Composition on Grapes in Karnataka and Maharashtra

A survey was undertaken to document species composition of thrips on grape foliage, inflorescence and different stages of berry development such as mustard size (2 mm), sorghum size (4 mm), pea size (8 mm) and beyond pea size (&gt; 8 mm) berries at Bijapur in Karnataka and Sangli in Maharashtra during January 2005 to January 2006. Cultivars sampled were Thomson Seedless, Sonaka, Sharad Seedless, Tas-A-Ganesh, 2A and B5 clones of Thomson seedless. Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood constituted over 90% of total thrips sampled from new flushes, inflorescence and berries in different stages during January, February, March and December 2005 at Bijapur followed by Thrips palmi Karny (1- 4.3%); Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) a hitherto unknown thrips species on grape dominated inflorescence (98.0%) on cv. Sonaka during December 2005 in the same area. Similar trend was observed in the vineyards of Sangli. Number of thrips, which was more on inflorescence declined as the berry matured. Least number of thrips was observed on berries &gt; pea size. As recorded in Bijapur, T. hawaiiensis was dominant species on inflorescence of 2A (98.6%) and B5 (99.4%) clones of Thompson seedless. In other cultivars S. dorsalis was dominant that formed 92.8 -100% of total thrips collected. Thrips palmi constituted 0.8-1.7% of thrips collected from different parts of grape vine. Other unidentified thrips constituted 0.9-7.2%.