Tube Thickness Research Articles

Investigation of the performance of a parabolic trough collector outfitted with annular absorber tubes

The current work recommends a novel absorber tube for parabolic trough solar collectors. Annular absorber tubes with and without spiral tape have been investigated as an alternative to conventional absorber tubes. This work employs numerical analysis through the usage of CFD code. The pitch ratio (P/D), width ratio (W/D), and height ratio (H/D) of the spiral tape are each different. Within the annular absorber tube, these ratios have an impact on the performance of heat transfers, pressure drop, and entropy generation. The results reveal that an annular absorber tube without spiral tape has a higher Nu ratio than a conventional absorber tube. In an annular absorber tube with P/D = 1.4, the Nusselt number increases. In an annular absorber tube, the spiral tape thickness ratio has no effect. The average Nu ratio is 24.5% greater at a height ratio of 0.3 than it would be in an annular absorber tube without spiral tape. The annular absorber tube's spiral tape's pitch ratio, thickness ratio, and height ratio all generate less total entropy than a conventional absorber tube does. The wall temperature of the absorber tube with the lowest spiral tape pitch ratio decreases, which results in a reduction in the thermal stress on the absorber wall. On the other hand, spiral tape and an annular absorber tube have a higher friction ratio. It exceeds the friction ratio of the annular absorber tube without spiral tape by 41.7 times.

Flexural behavior evaluation of concrete filled small-angle winded GFRP tube columns

In harsh environments such as ocean engineering, reinforced concrete structures suffer from severe corrosion, and concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer tubes (CFFT) have been widely used as a substitute for them. In this paper, extremely small-angle GFRP tubes are manufactured using the winding process and the flexural behavior of ±55° and ±15° angle-ply GFRP tube columns is investigated. The effects of the winding angle on the flexural behavior of CFFT were studied by experiment. The experimental results showed that the failure modes of CFFT were dominated by fiber rupture, slip between concrete and GFRP tube, and concrete crushing. Reducing the winding angle and filling concrete can effectively improve the ultimate flexural load by 117.25%, and 182.01%, respectively. Furthermore, a numerical model was established to predict the flexural behavior of CFFT, the Concrete Damaged Plasticity model was used to simulate the behavior of the concrete, and the Hashin failure criterion was used for the GFRP tube. The predicted failure modes and load-displacement curves were in good agreement with the experimental results. Parametric analysis showed that increasing the GFRP tube thickness can improve the ultimate flexural load by 62.72% and increasing concrete strength changes the failure mode of CFFT from GFRP tube rupture to concrete damage.

Repair of concrete-filled FRP tube columns with damaged tubes

The effectiveness of repairing damaged Concrete-Filled Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Tube (CFFT) axial members is studied. The damage was introduced in the form of linear cuts through the full tube thickness. The effectiveness of adhesively-bonded FRP patches that may or may not include mechanical fasteners is investigated. The study varied the cut angle, the bond length of the patch, the fiber type being glass or carbon, the number and pattern of mechanical fasteners, the patch extension beyond cut tips, and compared wet layup glass-FRP (GFRP) patches to prefabricated GFRP shells cut from a similar tube. It was shown that the vertical cut reduced axial compressive strength significantly. As the bond length of the GFRP repair patch increased the axial strength recovery increased, but not fully. When the ends of the GFRP patch were overlapped, a full strength recovery was achieved. The prefabricated GFRP shell patch (cut from similar tube) provided the highest strength recovery, compared to FRP wet layup. Adding mechanical fasteners enhanced strength recovery further, to a certain point. A simple empirical design model is proposed and a design example is presented.

Azimuthal Fourier decomposition for loss analysis of hollow-core tube lattice fibers part I: Ideal fibers

This is the first part of two papers where we propose and apply a methodology for confinement loss analysis in tube lattice fibers (TLFs). The methodology is based on azimuthal Fourier decomposition (AFD) of the fiber’s cladding and core modes along the perimeters of the cladding tubes composing. This technique, combined with coupled mode theory, constitutes an effective approach to gain insight in the inhibited coupling waveguiding mechanism and design, along with fiber non-idealities impact on confinement loss. In this part I, we describe the approach and apply it to loss analysis of ideal TLFs. The approach is then applied to the analysis of the effects of tube thickness variation in part II.

Flexural behavior of circular rubberized concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular beams: Experiments

The study aims to assess the impact of RuC on twelve concrete-filled double-skin steel tube (CFDST) specimens. The research explores key variables, including outer tube slenderness ratio, hollow ratio, and rubber replacement ratio. Rubber particles replace natural aggregates at replacement ratios (ρνr) of 0%, 15%, and 30% by mass. The experimental findings are comprehensively discussed, encompassing member flexural capacity, confinement effects, ductility, energy dissipation, and failure mechanisms. The findings reveal that replacing normal concrete (NC) with RuC leads to a reduction in beam flexural strength ranging from 5.0% to 18.1%, depending on ρνr and outer tube diameter. In contrast, RuC members exhibit an increase of up to 70% in ductility and 27.7% in energy dissipation compared to members with NC, depending on rubber content. Increasing the outer tube thickness proves to be an effective method for mitigating strength reduction due to rubber replacement. Specifically, elevating the outer tube thickness from 3.6 mm to 4.5 mm results in strength enhancements of 17.0%, 19.0%, and 23.7% for beams with NC, 15%RuC, and 30%RuC, respectively. Furthermore, the results are applied to assess existing design models and to suggest modifications that offer improved strength estimations for a broad spectrum of rubber replacement ratios.

Experimental study of the influence of borehole parameters on prompt fission neutron uranium logging and its corrections

In prompt fission neutron uranium logging, borehole environmental parameters affect the measured results and must be corrected. In order to explore the influence of borehole parameters on the interpretation of logging results, this paper builds a sandstone type uranium ore block model to simulate the field production drilling device based on the “Epithermal/Thermal neutron counting rate ratio” (E/T) theory. The effects of borehole diameter, thickness of iron tube and well fluid on the decay rate of epithermal and thermal neutrons and their uncertainty correction methods were investigated. The results show that the effect of borehole diameter on E/T is negligible. The iron tube thickness has a certain effect on the moderation and absorption of epithermal and thermal neutrons, and its E/T increases slightly with increasing thickness. The influence of iron tube thickness on E/T is corrected and the relative uncertainty is less than 5%. The well fluid thickness also affects the decay rate of epithermal and thermal neutrons, and its E/T follows the law of negative exponential attenuation. The influence of well fluid thickness on E/T is corrected and the relative uncertainty is less than 5%. This study provides technical guidance for field well survey of uranium deposit.

Compressive Behaviour of Long Steel Tube Columns Filled with Recycled Large Aggregate Self-Compacting Concrete

One of the important directions for green development in the world today is to expand the application methods of recycled concrete, improve the utilization rate of waste aggregates, and slow down the consumption of natural resources. The column structure with a large length and slenderness ratio is the most widely used compression unit in practical engineering, which conforms to the principle of sustainable development. In this paper, we study the mechanical properties and failure modes of long columns fabricated from steel tubes filled with recycled large aggregate self-compacting concrete (RLASCC-ST-LC) under compression load. Moreover, we examine the influence of steel tube thickness, recycled large-aggregate particle size, the strength of self-compacting concrete, and the length-to-diameter ratio on the performance of the members through finite element modelling. The results indicated that RLASCC-ST-LCs exhibited different degrees of buckling damage, and the damage processes were basically the same as that of steel tube concrete. When the thickness of steel pipe increased from 4 mm to 5 mm, the ultimate bearing capacity of the component increased by 12.1%; when the strength of self-compacting concrete increased from 30 MPa to 40 MPa and 50 MPa, the ultimate loads of the component increased by 6.96% and 12.4%, respectively. However, the increase in the aspect ratio weakened the bearing capacity of the component, and the ultimate bearing capacities reduced by 4.78% and 10.51% when the aspect ratios were 8, 10, and 12. Finally, based on the existing design codes, the theoretical calculation formulas are proposed for the ultimate bearing capacities of RLASCC-ST-LCs. These findings have significant implications for the widespread application of RLASCC-ST-LCs.

Experimental and numerical investigations of circular concrete filled steel double-skin and double-tube columns exposed to fire

Circular concrete-filled steel double-tube (CFSDT) columns have shown excellent ductility and load-carrying capacity. However, research on the fire resistance of CFSDT columns is still limited. This paper presents the fire tests, finite element (FE) modeling, behavior, and design of circular CFSDT columns and concrete-filled steel double-skin (CFSDS) columns exposed to fire. The fire resistance tests of one CFSDS and six CFSDT columns are described. Analysis is given on the effects of the material strength, the thickness of the inner steel tube, and the load ratio on the fire resistance of the specimens. Finite element models are developed that simulate the fire behavior of filled composite columns with double tubes and are verified by fire test results. The verified FE models are employed to undertake parametric studies on the structural responses of CFSDS and CFSDT columns under fire exposure. A design model is proposed for calculating the fire resistances of CFSDT columns. The results show that the load ratio and the column slenderness ratio have the most significant effect on the fire resistance of CFSDT columns; the cross-sectional parameters remarkably affect the fire resistance; and the material strength has a moderate impact on the fire resistance of CFSDT columns. Compared with CFSDS specimens, the existence of the core concrete significantly increases the fire resistance of CFSDT columns. The proposed design model for fire resistance can yield a safe prediction.

Sectional strength design of l-shaped irregularly concrete-filled steel tube column under axial compression and any directional moment

Authors’ previous research proposed a new kind of L-shaped irregularly concrete-filled steel tube column (L-ICFSTC) and conducted the experimental and numerical investigation into it under eccentric compression. In this paper, authors further study the sectional strength capacity of L-ICFSTC under axial compression and any directional moment and establish a complete set of design formulas for it. The FE model validated by the authors’ previous experimental results is adopted to the parameter analysis of this study. The involved parameters include the length of two column limbs, the thickness of steel tube, the material strength and the axial compressive ratio, and consider the possibility of unequal length between two column limbs. Due to the irregularly-shaped section and two materials with different properties, the load-bearing behavior of L-ICFSTC is significantly related to the angle of moment, making its interaction curves and design formulas much more complex than current those of rectangular or circular CFST columns. Therefore, we start from the capacity of L-ICFSTC under pure unidirectional moment, and then study the capacity of L-ICFSTC under axial compression and unidirectional moment, and based on this, we finally obtain the capacity of L-ICFSTC under axial compression and any directional moments. The complete set of design formulas is established by theoretical analysis and fitting the N-M curves and Mx-My curves obtained by FE model. The formula results can agree well with the FE investigation results, demonstrating its applicability to the engineering design of L-ICFSTC.

Compression performance of FRP bar-reinforced seawater sea-sand concrete encased FRP-wrapped steel tube columns

This paper developed a new type of composite column made of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bar-reinforced seawater sea-sand concrete (SWSSC)-encased FRP-wrapped steel tubes, which is suitable for maritime engineering. In this composite form, the inner steel tube was isolated to the chloride ions by wrapping with an FRP sheet, and FRP bars were employed to reinforce the exterior SWSSC. To avoid/delay the occurrence of internal steel tube buckling, two measures were implemented, that is, filling with ordinary concrete, and bundling and welding using four hollow small-sized steel tubes. The compression performance was explored by axial compression and eccentric compression tests, and three experimental variables were set, including the steel tube thickness (2.5 mm and 5 mm), number of steel tubes (0, 1 and 4), and eccentricity (20 mm, 40 mm and 60 mm). The test results showed that increasing the thickness of the steel tube could improve the bearing capacity and lateral deformation of specimens (e.g., from 32.66 MPa to 36.99 MPa), whereas the number of steel tubes had a minor positive effect on the specimens. Meanwhile, the bearing capacity of the specimens decreased with increasing eccentricity of the eccentric compression test from 41.51 MPa to 36.99 MPa. Finally, a calculation method was proposed to predict the peak eccentric strength of specimens, which can provide a reference for the design of this kind of composite column.

Mechanical performances of thin-walled high-strength concrete-filled steel tube square columns with high-strength reinforced cages under biaxial eccentric compression

In the current research that both steel tube and concrete use high-strength materials, there are few studies on the small wall thickness of steel tube exceeding the standard. In order to make full use of the mechanical properties of high-strength steel and enhance its restraint ability on concrete, this paper designs a steel cage dominated by transverse steel bars. A total of 15 square high-strength steel tube high-strength concrete medium-long column test pieces are tested and studied. The main parameters of the specimens are slenderness ratio, loading eccentricity and the form of internal steel reinforcement cage. After the loading test, according to the test results, the failure mode of the specimen is obtained and the mechanical properties of middle-long concrete-filled steel tubular columns are analyzed. The research results show that the ultra-thin high-strength steel pipe can restrain concrete well, but with the increase of eccentricity, its restraint capacity is slightly insufficient; the built-in steel cage can slow down the bulging of the specimen and help the steel pipe to further strengthen the restraint on concrete, but the steel cage as an indirect constraint cannot avoid the final bulging damage. Due to the existing formula overestimating the effect of ultra-thin steel tubes, this paper proposes a calculation formula for the axial compression of thin-walled high-strength concrete-filled steel tubes with steel cage short columns. Based on this method, the bearing capacity of medium-long columns under biaxial eccentric compression is calculated with good accuracy.

Study on the double-sided shear test and three-dimensional numerical simulation of anchor cable with C-shaped tube

Using an indoor pipe-cable-rod double-sided shear test system, tests for double-sided shear are carried out on three types of prestressed anchor cables and anchor cables with C-shaped tubes that eliminate the joint surface's resistance to movement. The shear failure characteristics and shear strength contribution of the anchor cable with C-shaped tube were compared and analyzed. For the anchor cable with C-shaped tube, the C-shaped tubes' geometrical specifications were altered and the effects of the C-shaped tubes' thickness and diameter on the anchor cables with C-shaped tubes' shear strength were investigated. The research results showed that the thickness of the C-shaped tube had a substantial impact on improving the ultimate shear capacity of the anchor cable with C-shaped tube. With the increase in the thickness of the C-shaped tube, the increment of the ultimate shear capacity showed an exponential growth trend. However, under the same thickness, the ultimate shear capacity had a negative correlation with the diameter of the C-shaped tube. In addition, the anchor cable with C-shaped tube was the subject of numerical simulation research using the three-dimensional numerical simulation program ABAQUS. The stress distribution and the development trend with increasing shear load were obtained. The simulation findings revealed that the numerical model and the outcomes of the laboratory tests were in good agreement, which might serve as a guide for future research.

Influence of corrosion on loading capacity of circular concrete-filled steel tubular column

Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are commonly used in engineering, especially in load-bearing structures. This study conducts an in-depth examination of how the axial resistance of CFST columns varies with random corrosion. A finite element model for circular CFST columns is developed and its accuracy is verified using available experimental data. The interaction between the outer steel tube and the concrete column is explored, along with the introduction of a strength reduction coefficient concept. Additionally, the concept of an axial load-bearing capacity reduction coefficient is introduced to illustrate variations in the axial resistance of circular CFST columns during different corrosion stages. The degradation patterns of reduction coefficients for uniform and random corrosion depths in the steel tube and CFST columns with varying mass loss rates are analyzed, and formulas are provided to predict the axial resistance in different corrosion stages. Furthermore, the study investigates the influence of variables such as material strength, component dimensions, and the thickness of the external steel tube, resulting in adjustments to the original expressions for various conditions.

Seismic performance and damage analysis of steel-PVA hybrid fiber cementitious composites encased CFST columns

Using axial compression ratio, core concrete strength, steel tube thickness, and SPC strength as research variables, cyclic loading tests were conducted on 12 steel-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hybrid fiber cementitious composites (SPC) encased concrete-filled steel tube（CFST）columns to study the seismic performance of specimens under earthquake action, including failure mode, strength, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation, and second-order effects. According to the study's findings, fiber bridging enabled SPC-encased CFST columns to effectively prevent cracks and maintain high integrity even after failing. The axial compression ratio, core concrete strength, and lateral bearing capacity were positively correlated, with a maximum bearing capacity increase of 46.9%, but their deformation capacity had decreased to varying degrees. The thickness and SPC strength of the steel tube exhibited excellent performance in terms of deformation capacity and energy consumption, with a maximum ductility coefficient of 6.21. In the overall statistical analysis of research variables, it was found that composite columns with core concrete strength grades higher than outer SPC strength had better seismic performance compared to other specimens. This article proposed an improved Park-Ang damage model that effectively evaluates the damage status of SPC-encased CFST columns. The model complies with the boundary conditions of the composite column, and the damage development trend reflected is consistent with experimental phenomena.

Fast Design and Numerical Simulation of a Metal Hydride Reactor Embedded in a Conventional Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger

The purpose of this work is to present a convenient design approach for metal hydride reactors that meet the specific requirements for hydrogen storage. Three methods from the literature, the time scale, the acceptable envelope, and the reaction front, are used to estimate the maximum thickness of the bed allowing for sufficient heat transfer. Further heat transfer calculations are performed within the framework of standardized heat exchanger via the homemade design software, to generate the complete geometry and dimensions of the reactor. LaNi5 material packed in tubular units based on conventional shell-and-tube heat exchanger is selected for analysis for an expected charging time of 500 s, 1000 s, and 1500 s. Apparently, the smaller the expected charging time, the smaller the bed thickness and hence the diameter of the tubular units. After comparison, the method of reaction front was adopted to output standard tube diameters and calculate the weight of the reactor. Significant weight differences were found to result from the varying wall thickness and number of tubes. In general, the shorter the expected charging time, the more tubular units with a small diameter will be built and the heavier the reactor. Fluent 2022 R2 was used to solve the reactor model with a tube diameter of 50 mm supposed to fulfill a charging time of 1500 s. The simulation results revealed that the reaction fraction reaches its maximum and the hydrogen storage process is completed at 500 s. However, because the calculation is conducted on meeting the heat exchange requirements, the average temperature of the bed layer is close to the initial temperature of 290 K and stops changing at 1500 s. The applicability of the method to the design of metal hydride reactors is thus confirmed by the temperature and reaction fraction judgment criteria.

Axial Compression Behavior of Elliptical Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Composite Short Columns with Encased Steel Considering Spherical-Cap Gap

This study explored the axial compression behavior of elliptical concrete-filled steel tubes with encased steel considering spherical-cap gap (GSECFST) composite short columns. We designed 25 composite column specimens by varying the steel tube yield strength (fty), steel skeleton yield strength (fsy), concrete cubic compression strength (fcu), steel tube thickness (t), steel skeleton sectional area (As), the long and short half-axis ratio (a/b), the gap ratio (Xsg), and the slenderness ratio (λ). Based on the nonlinear constitutive models of the materials and the nonlinear contact effect among materials, the ABAQUS 6.20 finite element software established the refined finite element models of these composite short columns. Also, the rationality of the finite element modeling with a spherical-cap gap was verified by comparing it with the existing experimental results. The influence regularity of various parameters on the load (N)-displacement (Δ) curves, bearing capacity, initial stiffness, and ductility of the composite short columns was obtained. In addition, the failure modes, N-Δ process, sectional strain distribution, and gap feature index of the constraint partition model for GSECFST axial compression short columns were revealed. The results showed a weakened interaction between the elliptical steel tube and concrete. Also, the axial compression bearing capacity, initial stiffness, and core concrete ductility were reduced because of the spherical-cap gap. As fty, fsy, fc, and Asy increased, the axial bearing capacity, initial stiffness, and ductility of GSECFST composite short columns improved significantly but decreased with increasing of a/b, Xsg, and λ. When the gap ratio of the spherical crown was less than 4%, the outer steel tubes in the mid-span area of the GSECFST composite short columns buckled in the direction of the elliptical short axis under axial compression, and the concrete expanded outward and crushed. The failures were similar to those of the specimens without the spherical-cap gap. Based on the sectional constraint partition model, we propose the calculation formula of axial compression bearing capacity for GSECFST composite short columns. Consequently, this study is a reference for the elastic-plastic analysis of frame systems with similar composite columns.

Experimental and numerical study of L-shaped irregularly concrete-filled steel tube columns under axial compression and eccentric compression

This paper proposes a new kind of L-shaped irregularly concrete-filled steel tube column (L-ICFSTC), which is formed by standardized steel (I-shaped and U-shaped steel) and infilled concrete, and studies its behavior under axial and eccentric compression through experimental and numerical investigation. Compared with L-shaped CFST column proposed by previous researchers, this kind of L-ICFSTC has more convenience in installation and construction as well as excellent behavior in mechanical performance. Firstly, the experiments of two full-scale specimens under axial compression and two full-scale specimens under eccentric compression are carried out. The L-ICFSTC specimens exhibits overall stability failure mode because the rapid increase of the horizontal deflection and strain at the midspan of the specimens is observed at the time of failure. In addition, the ultimate load of the L-ICFSTC under eccentric compression is related to the eccentric direction. Secondly, the finite element (FE) models of the specimens are established to simulate the loading process of experimental specimens. The results obtained from FE models agree well with the experimental results. Thirdly, through the parameter analysis based on the FE models validated above, it is found that the height of column, length of column limb, thickness of steel tube, material strength and eccentricity have influence on the stability performance of L-ICFSTC. The experimental and FE numerical results obtained in this study could provide the reference for establishing a complete design method of the L-ICFSTC in near future.

Behavior and design of steel beam to multi-celled corrugated-plate CFST wall joints

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the utilization of multi-celled corrugated-plate CFST (MC-CFST) walls. In this paper, a connection joint between a steel beam and an MC-CFST wall was proposed. The joint consisted of MC-CFST walls, end columns, horizontal diaphragms, vertical plates, and steel beams, with each steel component being interconnected through welding. To investigate its mechanical properties, a refined finite element model was developed, and the accuracy of the modeling method was validated through existing test results. The stiffness and moment capacity of the joints were analyzed, focusing on the effects of various factors, including the insertion depth of the horizontal diaphragm, beam-to-column linear stiffness ratio, width-to-thickness ratio of the end column plate, diameter of the horizontal diaphragm opening, axial compression ratio, and concrete and steel strengths. Based on numerical and theoretical analyses, a calculation method for determining the moment capacity of the joint and establishing the lower limit value for the steel tube thickness of the end columns was proposed by using the yield line analysis. The predicted value of the moment capacity of the joint was found to deviate from the finite element result by no more than 10%, suggesting that the formula exhibited excellent accuracy and applicability. The minimum steel tube thickness of the end columns was determined by considering the yield of the beam flange section. The design method presented in this paper has the potential to offer a valuable reference for practical designs of the proposed connection joint.

Behavior of concrete-filled double steel tube stub columns under partial compression

This paper reports the investigation on the behavior of stub columns having two nested steel tubes filled with concrete, abbreviated as CFDST, consisting of core concrete, inner and outer steel section and sandwich concrete. A total of twenty-seven stub columns were fabricated and tested. The experimental parameters included the wall thickness of the outer steel tube, strength grade of the concrete, ratio of the partial compressive area and the cross-sectional shape of the bearing plate. The typical failure modes, load-displacement relationships, and stress-strain relationships were studied. The results showed that outward bulging of the upper end of the outer steel tube occurred for the CFDST columns, and the degree and extent of bulging increased with the ratio of the partial compressive area. The bearing capacity of the columns loaded on the partial compressive area increased with the wall thickness of the outer steel tube and concrete strength. When the wall thickness of the outer steel tube increased, the partial bearing capacity increased by 25.3% on average. Reduction of the ratio of the partial compressive area improved the compressive bearing capacity. However, the shape of the bearing plate had a minor effect of the bearing capacity. Based on the experimental results, the FEM model was developed for analyzing the bearing capacity of the CFST and CFDST columns. The results of the analyses were found consistent with the experimental results.

Estimation of solar receiver corrosion conditions during operation to aid in the design of receiver-corrosion lab tests

Solar power tower plants widely rely on molten nitrite salt as heat transfer fluid and storage media. However, its corrosiveness endangers several metallic components, with central receivers being one of the most compromised. Great efforts are being made to establish molten salt corrosion in different metals. Recently, the importance of the amount of salt used in these experiments has been highlighted. Yet, most tests disregard the hot-receiver-surface/salt ratio that would represent the receiver operation conditions. Commonly, larger metal surfaces are employed, accelerating molten salt thermal decomposition kinetics. Hence, this study seeks to develop basic design conditions for experimental corrosion tests to realistically mimic receiver-tube corrosion. Consequently, the high-temperature operation of two receiver designs, resembling those of Crescent Dunes and Gemasolar plants, with their tubes manufactured in HA230, is analysed. The yearly salt degradation in these plants is found to be nearly negligible due to the large salt volume stored and the relatively limited receiver surface above concerning temperatures, with the whole salt volume being exposed to it for around 20 min during a 25-year operation for large receivers. Moreover, the hot-metal-surface/solar-salt ratio ranges from 5 to 7 mm2/kg, depending on the receiver design, which should be preserved in a corrosion experiment. Metal loss is also estimated: less than 7 % of the receiver would lose at least 50 % of the initial tube thickness. Still, lower metal loss rates are expected since coefficients from static-isothermal tests were employed for the calculation, which also disregarded the metal surface/salt proportion, leading to an overestimation.