Thickness Of Soil Layer Research Articles

Analysis of the surface rupture process of strong earthquakes based on centrifuge tests

Surface ruptures caused by strong earthquakes are one of the most concerning issues for construction projects. In this paper, geotechnical centrifuge model tests is performed to successfully simulate the reverse faulting process. Using a linear laser displacement sensor (LLDS) and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique, the surface deformation process and faulting behaviours are studied in dry and wet sand with a thickness of 40 m above a bedrock surface. Based on an analysis of high-precision surface monitoring data, the soil rupture process is divided into four stages: the overall uplift period, inclination deformation period, scarp growth period, and deformation slowdown and lag period. In addition, the characteristics of the soil deformation and the propagation behaviour of the upper fault tip are obtained. This experiment and related achievements can provide references for further understanding the deformation of thick soil layers caused by reverse faulting.

Beauty under the mud: Soil crypsis in new species of the Malagasy genus Ankaratrix (Opiliones: Triaenonychidae: Triaenobuninae)

Camouflaging with crypsis is a known strategy in several invertebrates such as sea urchins, gastropods, crabs, and immature stage of insects. In harvestmen, soil crypsis are used as a defense strategy. The soil particles are attached to their bodies using secretions. Here we investigate this kind of camouflage in the Malagasy endemic genus Ankaratrix. Members of this genus produce a glue layer (= solidifying secretion) covering the cerotegument. This glue layer seems to play an important role in soil crypsis, together with the long tubercles or cuticular apophyses. These long tubercles could help to catch and retain the soil particles bringing stability to the camouflage layer. The specimens are covered by a very thick soil layer, determined by the tubercle sizes, mainly on the dorsal body surface. Only the body parts involved in feeding (chelicerae, pedipalps, feeding apparatus), reproduction (genital operculum), excretion (anal operculum) and sensory functions (leg tarsi) are clean of mud.Legs I exhibit a very long longitudinal row of spiniform apophyses that will be completely covered by soil, forming a kind of wall that protect the chelicerae and pedipalp of the dirt and could be adopted as camouflage strategy in thanatosis or resting periods. During our investigation, we discovered four new species, which are described herein: Ankaratrix malotosp.nov., Ankaratrix makambasp.nov., Ankaratrix fisherisp.nov., Ankaratrix lawrenceisp.nov. Finally, we discuss the sexual dimorphism in pedipalps of the genus Ankaratrix.

Simulation Analysis of Influencing Factors of Subsidence Based on Mining under Huge Loose Strata: A Case Study of Heze Mining Area, China

Based on the coal seam mining under the condition of thick soil layer, the mechanical mining subsidence process under the condition of thick soil layer was analyzed. Combined with the results of core drilling and laboratory test in the mining area, the mechanical analysis of the special transition strata of “hard soil-soft rock” at the bottom of the soil layer was carried out. Additionally, the characteristics of the shallow buried soil layer were compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the significance of this transitional font to the surface subsidence law was proposed. By using the numerical simulation software of FLAC3D and choosing the thickness of “hard soil-soft rock” transitional font as the influencing factor, a model was established and the surface subsidence characteristics of different stratum combinations were numerically simulated. The research results show that the transitional font is the special strata indicating that the hard soil is transiting to the soft rock, having a significant effect on the ground movement and deformation induced by coal mining. It cannot be designated into the loose strata. Also, it cannot be regarded as the bed rock to study the influence of it on the surface subsidence. The “hard soil-soft rock” transitional font has the support effect on the overlying strata during coal seam mining, which can restrict the surface subsidence. Furthermore, the larger the thickness of the transitional font is, the more obvious the restricting effect of it on the surface subsidence is. Meantime, this restricting effect will not be changed with the variation of the proportion between the loss bed and the bed rock thickness. Only the restricting extent is a little different.

Interactive effect of glyphosate-based herbicides and organic soil layer thickness on growth and reproduction of the tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857)

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) have negative effects on the fitness parameters of earthworms; however, these effects may vary from one commercial product to another and between different recommended doses. Additionally, frequent applications of GBHs may decrease the thickness of the topsoil layer due to increased soil erosion through vegetation reduction. To investigate the effects of frequent applications of GBHs, and their interactive effect on the performance of P. corethrurus, we performed a two-factor experiment exposing in vitro the earthworm to two commercial GBHs (factor I, FAENA FUERTE (FF, Monsanto Co.) and GLYFOS (GLY, Cheminova Co., with three levels)) and soil thickness (factor II, with two levels); having six treatments in total, each with four replicates. Both herbicides were applied at their recommended doses; a total of 11 times at intervals of 14 days in soil layers 2.5 and 5 cm deep. Earthworm biomass and cocoon production were measured every 12 days for 168 days. Application of GLY resulted in significant biomass decreases of between 51 ± 11.54% (here and further S.E. is provided) and 100 ± 0.00% compared to a control. For FF, the final biomass decreased significantly by between 19 ± 7.33% and 24 ± 8.44% at both doses, independently of soil thickness. Additionally, a significant biomass reduction of 41 ± 7.93% was detected when soil thickness was low at highest dose. At a soil depth of 5 cm, GLY significantly decreased cocoon production by between 69 ± 7.86% and 83 ± 10.53% at each dose compared to the control. In contrast, the different doses of FF did not affect the number of cocoons produced, although there was a significant decrease of 72 ± 7.18% when the soil layer was reduced. The growth rate increased significantly under exposure to both GBH at all tested doses. Our results suggest that cumulative doses of GLY are more detrimental for P. corethrurus than those of FF and that soil thickness may help buffer some of the negative effects of GBHs. In order to reduce negative impacts on earthworms in the field, we therefore suggest maintaining the topsoil layer thickness and adjusting the doses of GBHs to the lowest end of the recommended range.

Effects of Soil Simulation on the Interaction Analyses of Framed Structures Under 2-D and 3-D Conditions

The effects of some important factors on the development of differential settlements and flexural moments were investigated in the context of interaction analyses for two hypothetical building structures founded on a grid of strip footings. Geometrical simulations included 2-D and 3-D building models in order to identify possible differences when applying the simple 2-D simulation as against the more difficult 3-D one. Furthermore, in order to investigate the applicability of the simple linearly elastic soil model, comparisons were attempted between results obtained on the basis of linearly elastic and elastoplastic according to Mohr–Coulomb’s failure criterion interactive analyses. The variation of differential settlements (or rotations), bending moments and axial loads of the superstructure and foundation were studied versus the elastic modulus E or versus the global safety factor. Detailed conclusions were deduced based on representative diagrams. The comparisons between corresponding results obtained by 2-D and 3-D simulations indicated significant differences especially in cases of high relative rigidity, influenced by the thickness of the compressible soil layer. The comparisons between linearly elastic and elastoplastic soil simulation showed the important role of the relative rigidity in the interaction problem, especially for low values of the global safety factor.

Methods of the analytical construction of diagrams of the vibratory drum vertical movements into the soil for the compacted soil strength assessment

The soil compaction process by a vibratory drum is performed during a slow horizontal progressive movement and high-frequency vertical movements of the vibratory drum by a vibration exciter. Let’s consider the process of a single vertical movement of the vibratory drum into the soil on a horizontal compacted surface. As a result of the vibratory drum progressive movement vertical movements take place on new horizontal areas of compacted soil. The problem of the vibratory drum cylindrical surface vertical indentation into the soil is first presented in a differential form. The stress distribution law as per the soil depth is set taking into consideration the compacted soil layer thickness h 0 and general soil deformation modulus E 0. The relative vertical deformation of elementary soil columns according to Hooke’s law is determined as the ratio of the vertical movement of the vibratory drum elements to the thickness of the layer to be compacted. The analytical integration of equations connecting the vertical load on the vibratory drum with elementary forces of the soil reactions on the vibratory drum bearing surface has been performed. The state of soil strength under the vibratory drum is determined as the initial state σ0 and additional state Δσ, caused by an increase of the soil strength due to the compaction σ=σ0 + εE 0, caused by relative deformation. The problem of the determination of the vibratory drum vertical movement by vertical forces has been solved. Obtained analytical dependences and method allow to construct the dependence diagrams of the vibratory drum movement into the soil on different types of soils. The problem of the vibratory drum vertical movement into the soil has been analytically solved on the basis of the deformation of vertical soil columns in the form of Hooke’s law using the general soil deformation modulus E 0. The vertical interaction of the vibratory drum with the soil has been formulated as the equilibrium problem of the vertical reaction forces along the contact arc. Finite integrals have been obtained connecting the vertical load on the vibratory drum with the parameters of the soil and vibratory drum. The calculation method of the dependence diagrams of loads on the vibratory drum and vertical movements (settlement) of the vibratory drum into the soil has been developed.

Experimental and numerical studies of laterally loaded piles located near oil-contaminated sand slope

Oil spillage occurrences are due to wars, accidents, drilling, storage, natural disasters, and rapid industrialization, which lead to huge amounts of waste discharge into adjacent areas. Soil contamination is also detrimental to associated structures and foundations. Therefore, in this research, experimental and numerical studies on laterally loaded piles near an oil-contaminated sand slope were conducted to estimate the ultimate lateral capacity, lateral displacement, and maximum bending moment of a single pile embedded in contaminated and uncontaminated sand slope. To simulate the contamination content as in field conditions, preparation of oil-contaminated layers of sandy soil was performed by blending clean sand samples with heavy motor oil at proportions of 0–6% of the dried weight of soil. These studies were performed by varying the contaminated sand layer thickness (LC), oil content (O.C), pile slenderness ratio (LP/DP) and distance from the slope crest (X) to the pile head. The results demonstrated a considerable reduction in the friction angle (Ø) with increasing oil content. Therefore, the ultimate horizontal load (Hu) of the pile also reduced. Moreover, the raise in the thickness of oil-contaminated sandy soil layer (LC) has resulted in an increment in the lateral movement of the pile (y) and a reduction in the ultimate horizontal load (Hu). When the proportion of the oil content increased to 2% over that in clean sand, the maximum bending moment raised by about 11%. In addition, a good consistency between the numerical analysis and experimental tests was observed.

Pore pressure when compacting two-phase soil

In modern conditions, in relation to the total amount of accumulated professional knowledge, the volume of active information resources increases, and construction practice is constantly enriched with new experimentally-theoretically based accurate knowledge. Therefore, various programs are widely used when solving problems in ground bases. Despite the fact that modern numerical methods allow solving problems of any complexity, it should be noted that experimental and analytical methods are still relevant, and it is an effective combination of methods that leads to the development of mechanics, an organic combination of experimental research methods with the enormous computational capabilities of modern supercomputers. Methods for modeling the action of bulk forces are widely used in problems of deformable solid mechanics. Many known solutions have limitations and are given for special cases. The authors present the theoretical foundations of the elastic analogy method for modeling the effect of pore pressure on the soil. When posing the question, the following assumption is made that the liquid filling the pores of the soil does not perceive shear deformation. Tangential stresses that occur in the ground are only perceived by the ground skeleton. The water that fills the pores does not resist tangential stresses. In this case, the deformation of the soil skeleton from the action of hydrostatic water pressure, respectively, is a volumetric deformation. In this case, the components of the ball stress tensor are equal to the pore pressure. The article considers the use of the theory of volume forces in modeling the effect of pore pressure in the process of compaction of two-phase soil. In this case, we consider a one-dimensional problem for the case of deformation (compaction) of a two-phase soil layer thickness under the action of a distributed load of constant intensity. We believe that the consolidated layer lies on a rocky undeformable base. The authors consider various drainage conditions for the surfaces of the consolidated layer. Expressions are given for determining stresses and precipitation with creep, for the instantaneous stress-strain state and the final stress-strain state.

Long-term ecological consequences of forest fires in the continuous permafrost zone of Siberia

Wildfires are an important factor in controlling forest ecosystem dynamics across the circumpolar boreal zone. An improved understanding of their direct and indirect, short- to long-term impacts on vegetation cover and permafrost–vegetation coupling is particularly important to predict changes in carbon, nutrient and water cycles under projected climate warming. Here, we apply dendrochronological techniques on a multi-parameter dataset to reconstruct the effect of wildfires on tree growth and seasonal permafrost thaw depth in Central Siberia. Based on annually-resolved and absolutely dated information from 19 Gmelin larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.) trees and active soil layer thickness measurements, we find substantial stand-level die-off, as well as the removal of ground vegetation and the organic layer following a major wildfire in 1896. Reduced stem growth coincides with increased δ13C in the cellulose of the surviving trees during the first decade after the wildfire, when stomatal conductance was reduced. The next six to seven decades are characterized by increased permafrost active soil layer thickness. During this period of post-wildfire ecosystem recovery, enhanced tree growth together with positive δ13C and negative δ18O trends are indicative of higher rates of photosynthesis and improved water supply. Afterwards, a thinner active soil layer leads to reduced growth because tree physiological processes become limited by summer temperature and water availability. Revealing long-term effects of forest fires on active soil layer thickness, ground vegetation composition and tree growth, this study demonstrates the importance of complex vegetation–permafrost interactions that modify the trajectory of post-fire forest recovery across much of the circumpolar boreal zone. To further quantify the influence of boreal wildfires on large-scale carbon cycle dynamics, future work should consider a wide range of tree species from different habitats in the high-northern latitudes.

The application of 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex methods in soil erosion research of Titel loess plateau, Vojvodina, Northern Serbia

Abstract Soil erosion is one of the largest global problems of environmental protection and sustainable development, causing serious land degradation and environmental deterioration. The need for fast and accurate soil rate assessment of erosion and deposition favors the application of alternative methods based on the radionuclide measurement technique contrary to long-term conventional methods. In this paper, we used gamma spectrometry measurements of 137Cs and unsupported 210Pb ex in order to quantify the erosion on the Titel Loess Plateau near the Tisa (Tisza) River in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. Along the slope of the study area and in the immediate vicinity eight representative soil depth profiles were taken and the radioactivity content in 1 cm thick soil layers was analyzed. Soil erosion rates were estimated according to the profile distribution model and the diffusion and migration model for undisturbed soil. The net soil erosion rates, estimated by 137Cs method range from −2.3 t ha−1 yr−1 to −2.7 t ha−1 yr−1, related to the used conversion model which is comparable to published results of similar studies of soil erosion in the region. Vertical distribution of natural radionuclides in soil profiles was also discussed and compared with the profile distribution of unsupported 210Pb ex measurements. The use of diffusion and migration model to convert the results of 210Pb ex activities to soil redistribution rates indicates a slightly higher net erosion of −3.7 t ha−1 yr−1 with 98% of the sediment delivery ratio.

Soft soil layer-tunnel interaction under seismic loading

Understanding the soft soil layer-tunnel seismic interaction in the multi-layered ground is an important issue for a safe seismic design. However, this issue remains unclear since most of the previous studies considered homogeneous grounds. In this regard, the paper aims at investigating the seismic behavior of tunnels when they intersect a soft soil layer. Three soft soil layer-tunnel intersection scenarios (i.e., at the crown, springline, and invert) are respectively considered based on an academic case. Two-dimensional numerical analyses are performed for a wide range of soft soil layer thicknesses and shear wave velocities, assuming various flexibility ratios. The effect of soil nonlinearity is also involved. The results reveal that the presence of a soft soil layer generally increases the internal forces and deformations, particularly when a very soft soil layer passes through the flexible tunnel at the springline. The findings of this work may have a certain reference value for seismic design practice of tunnels.

Assessment on liquefaction potential of seabed soil in Chang-Bin Offshore wind farm considering parametric uncertainty of standard penetration tests

Liquefaction potential analysis is a required task in the foundation design process of offshore wind turbine in Taiwan. The standard penetration test (SPT) is mostly used in the preliminary soil investigation of the pilot offshore wind farm in Chang-Bin, Taiwan. Due to the different experimental conditions and operating conditions, the N value (SPT-N) of SPT varies greatly. This study applies statistical methods in conjunction with the New Japan Road Association simplified-empirical method (NJRA method) to incorporate the uncertainty of SPT-N values into the offshore liquefaction potential assessment to quantify the risk of seabed liquefaction. The study statistics the field experimental geotechnical parameters SPT-N and determines the probability density function of the SPT-N distribution of each layer of soil in the offshore wind farm. In order to quantify the risk of seabed soil liquefaction potential, the Monte Carlo random sampling method is used, and by the NJRA method to carry out the seabed liquefaction potential in Changhua, Taiwan. After comparing, the results obtained by the current SPT-based soil liquefaction potential assessment by deterministic approach are conservative. In the ground investigation of offshore wind farm development, the method proposed in this paper can access the thickness of liquefiable soil layers under any given probability for optimizing offshore wind turbine foundation design.

Responses of fresh concrete piles induced by pipe pile casing penetration in clay

An extensive investigation into the responses of a fresh concrete pipe pile induced by the adjacent penetration of a pipe pile casing into clay, undertaken through large-deformation finite-element analysis, is described in this paper. The numerical model was validated using field monitoring and centrifuge test data in terms of penetration resistance and soil deformation, and good agreement was obtained. An extensive parametric study was conducted encompassing the practical range of relevant parameters, including penetration depth, soil properties, the distance between the casing and the fresh concrete pile, casing diameter, soil layer thickness and roughness. A formula for estimating the maximum lateral deformation of a fresh concrete pile was developed to provide guidance for practical pipe pile design.

Transplantation of native species to existing vegetated slopes: Importance of optimal habitat and initial nutrient reserves

Although ecosystem degradation is often caused by existing slopes vegetated with commercial species, limited data are available for implementing practical approaches for nature restoration by transplanting native species to those vegetated slopes. Existing vegetated slopes are characterized by spatial heterogeneity in the habitat environment and competition with existing vegetation, which affect the behaviors of transplanted native species. In this study, we examined the factors affecting the survival, growth, verticillation, and flowering of Lilium pensylvanicum, a native coastal-meadow species transplanted to a vegetated road slope in Hokkaido, Japan. In the fourth year after transplantation, the number of surviving plantlets was 364 (57% of 640 transplanted plantlets) and the number of plantlets that shifted to verticillate leaves was 181 (50% of the survivors). The flowering plantlets accounted for 9% (n = 34) of the survivors. The generalized linear model showed that plantlet survival is strongly promoted by a larger bulb scale, that is, nutrient reserves. Furthermore, the survival ratio was greatly improved in the drought-prone, stressful habitats with low vegetation coverage, even for plantlets with relatively smaller bulb scales. However, in the moist habitat with high coverage, the survival ratio was greatly decreased regardless of the bulb scale size. Growth, verticillation, and flowering were facilitated by higher soil nutrient availability, such as a lower C/N ratio and thicker soil layer. Therefore, transplanting of native species to vegetated slopes requires the selection of stress-tolerant species with large nutrient reserves and identification of optimal habitats for transplanting, namely stressful environments with reduced vegetation coverage.

Возможности дистанционной оценки мощности плодородного слоя техногенно-нарушенных почв

An important indicator of soil fertility is the thickness of the fertile layer, which is significantly reduced during anthropogenic impact and partially restored during reclamation. The data of remote sensing of the Earth (RS) allow to quickly evaluate the thickness of the fertile soil layer of disturbed areas. The purpose of the work is to study the possibility of using the vegetation index NDVI for remote assessment of the thickness of the fertile layer of technologically disturbed soils. The object of research is the soil cover of agricultural land represented on 26 land plots with a total area of 3 ha. According to satellite images, the initial state of the soil cover of the territory was uniform. The NDVI cartograms reflect the dynamics of projective cover by plants in space and time. According to NDVI, a significant change in the projective cover was established compared with the initial state of the territory. It was established that the thickness size of the applied fertile layer affects the rate of development of biomass of herbaceous plants. The closest reliable relationship between NDVI and the fertile soil layer is observed after the appearance of the first seedlings in the reclaimed territiry. The correlation coefficients of NDVI with the thickness of the fertile soil layer are 0.65 on average over the plots and 0.71 at specific points of measurement of the fertile layer.

Ultimate Pullout Capacity of a Square Plate Anchor in Clay with an Interbedded Stiff Layer

Three‐dimensional nonlinear numerical analysis is carried out to determine the ultimate pullout capacity of a square plate anchor in layered clay using the large finite element analysis software ABAQUS. An empirical formula for the pullout bearing capacity coefficient of a plate anchor in layered soils is proposed based on the bearing characteristics of plate anchors in single‐layer soils. The results show that a circular flow (circulation field) is induced around the plate anchor during the uplift process and that the flow velocity and circulation field range are mainly affected by the properties of the soil around the plate anchor. The bearing characteristics of plate anchors in layered soils are influenced by factors such as the embedment depth of the plate anchor, the friction coefficient between the soil and the plate anchor, the thickness of the upper soil layer, and the thickness of the middle soil layer. The rationality of the finite element numerical calculation results and the empirical formula is verified by comparing the results from this study with results previously reported in the literature.

Amplification of Seismic Response in Poroviscoelastic Soil Layer

The time‐dependent behaviour of saturated soils under static and dynamic loading is generally attributed to the flow‐dependent and viscous behaviour of pore fluid. However, the intrinsic energy dissipative effects from the flow‐independent viscoelastic behaviour of solid skeleton are not always considered. In this study, the effect of flow‐independent viscoelastic behaviour on the seismic amplification of ground soil in vertical and horizontal directions is studied based on a two‐phase poroviscoelastic model. A generalized Kelvin–Voigt model is used to define the effective stress in the soils, and the compressibilities of both solid skeleton and pore fluid are considered. The seismic‐induced dynamic displacements are analytically derived and are shown to depend on soil layer thickness, soil properties, and ground motion parameters. The formulation neglecting the viscoelastic behaviour of solid skeleton could overestimate both the vertical and horizontal motion amplifications at the surface of ground soil. In addition, the seismic responses of viscoelastic soils are demonstrated to be closely related to the saturation state of surface soil.

Seismic response of large diameter buried concrete pipelines subjected to high frequency earthquake excitations

Buried pipelines are tubular structures that cross large areas with different geological conditions. During an earthquake, imposed loads from soil deformations on pipelines may cause drastic damages. In this study two dimensional finite element models of pipelines and surrounding soils are used for simulation of seismic waves that propagate from the bedrock through the soil. The models describe both longitudinal and transverse cross-sections of pipelines and the soil-pipe interaction is described as a nonlinear behaviour. The effects of uniform ground with different burial depth and soil layer thickness, soil stiffness and non-uniform ground on the seismic response of reinforced concrete pipelines is studied. Two earthquakes, with high and low frequency contents, are employed for the dynamic analysis. The results show a significant effect on the response due to non-uniform ground caused by inclined bedrock, especially for high frequency earthquake excitations.

Оценка мощности плодородного слоя техногенно-нарушенных почв с применением вегетационного индекса NDVI

The article highlights the possibilities of using the vegetation index NDVI to assess the spatial heterogeneity of the thickness of the fertile layer of technologically disturbed soils. The role of the remotely determined NDVI indicator is known as an indicator of soil fertility, however, no similar studies have been conducted on the territory of Perm region on technologically disturbed soils. The aim of the study was to assess the spatial heterogeneity of the thickness of technologically disturbed soils of Perm region using the NDVI spectral index. The object of research is the soil cover of technologically disturbed land plots in the village of Kukushtan, Perm region. Initially, the soil cover of the land was represented by light gray forest soil. Then, from 2011 to 2018, a construction site was located on the plots for the reconstruction of E-242 Perm–Yekaterinburg highway. The period of industrial soil removal was established according to remote sensing data – Landsat 5 and Sentinel 2. Measurements of the thickness of the fertile layer were carried out in digging at each site. A comparison of ground based measurements with remote sensing data indicates a close relationship between the fertile soil layer and the NDVI vegetation index. A reliable correlation of these indicators is the strongest at the initial stages of the formation of the vegetation cover of technologically disturbed soils. The thickness of the fertile soil layer positively affects the magnitude and dynamics of NDVI. Based on the established relationship between ground-based measurements and NDVI, a soil contour is identified that needs to be added to fertile soil.

Food crops farming under Sunan candlenut (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) stand at Pati and Asembagus

The main obstacle in developing Sunan candlenut plants is slow productive age (fruiting in the 5-6th year). By integrating food crops as intercrops between candlenut plants, farmers are expected to still be able to obtain income from intercropping before the candlenut plants produce. In addition, intercropping can optimize nutrient utilization from soil and fertilization, and increase soil fertility by using intercrop residual biomass. The selection of intercropping plants was adjusted to the interests of farmers by utilizing the space between the stands of candlenut trees. In the selection of food crops must be considered factors of climate suitability, altitude, soil type, cultivated soil layer thickness, and rain characteristics. This research was aimed to evaluate the farming income of intercropping candlenut with mung beans, sesame, peanut and maize. The research was conducted in Asembagus and Muktiharjo, where mung bean and sesame were planted in Asembagus, and peanuts and maize planted in Muktiharjo as intercropped plants. The results of farm analysis of each intercropping plant, namely: mung beans, sesame, peanut and maize each of them gave a profit per hectare of 11,380,000 IDR, 4,510,000 IDR, 24.375,000 IDR, and 6.080,000 IDR respectively.