Thermal energy storage can contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions, motivating the applications in aerospace, construction, textiles and so on. Phase change materials have been investigated extensively in the field of high-performance intelligent thermoregulating fabrics for energy storage. Advances toward fibers or fabrics for thermo regulation are developed, but leakage of phase change medium is a concern when directly coated or filled with fibers or fabrics. Thus, different spinning methods have appeared to integrate phase change materials into copolymer fiber to prepare phase change fiber. The present review has been divided into three parts and first deals with spinning technologies such as wet spinning, melt spinning, electrostatic spinning, and centrifugal spinning with the thermal properties and mechanical properties of phase change fiber. Among them, the phase change medium loading in the phase change fiber with wet spinning is up to 70 wt.%, while the fiber strength is below 2.12 cN/dtex. In contrast, phase change fiber prepared by melt spinning achieves a breaking strength of up to 37.31 cN/dtex, but with an enthalpy of only 8.48 kJ/kg. Considering electrostatic spinning, not only enthalpies are satisfactory but the fiber diameters are mostly below 1000 nm, matching with the softness requirement for fabric. Moreover, centrifugal spinning enables efficient production of phase change fiber of large enthalpy by controlling spinning parameters such as rotational speed and spinning fluid concentration. The second part reports that the thermal management effects of different intelligent thermo regulating fabrics are evaluated by designed experiments or simulations to investigate further the more comfortable conditions of thermal comfort of humans. Simulation and experimental results show that the energy storage of smart fabrics extends the time duration of thermal comfort by more than 300 s. In the last part, multifunctional intelligent thermoregulating fabrics are systematically discussed, such as light and heat response, ultraviolet resistance, air permeability, and water resistance. Practical applications of phase change fibers and intelligent thermoregulating fabrics should be further studied and broadened in the future.

Consolidation of temperature-dependent toxicity and thermoregulatory behavior into risk assessments of insecticides under thermal scenarios: A prospective study on Eremias argus

BackgroundIn this systematic review, we summarize the aetiology as well as the current knowledge regarding thermo(dys)regulation and hypothermia after severe burn trauma and aim to present key concepts of pathophysiology and treatment options. Severe burn injuries with >20% total body surface area (TBSA) affected commonly leave the patient requiring several surgical procedures, prolonged hospital stays and cause substantial changes to body composition and metabolism in the acute and long-term phase. Particularly in severely burned patients, the loss of intact skin and the dysregulation of peripheral and central thermoregulatory processes may lead to substantial complications.MethodsA systematic and protocol-based search for suitable publications was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were screened and included if deemed eligible. This encompasses animal-based in vivo studies as well as clinical studies examining the control-loops of thermoregulation and metabolic stability within burn patientsResultsBoth experimental animal studies and clinical studies examining thermoregulation and metabolic functions within burn patients have produced a general understanding of core concepts which are, nonetheless, lacking in detail. We describe the wide range of pathophysiological alterations observed after severe burn trauma and highlight the association between thermoregulation and hypermetabolism as well as the interactions between nearly all organ systems. Lastly, the current clinical standards of mitigating the negative effects of thermodysregulation and hypothermia are summarized, as a comprehensive understanding and implementation of the key concepts is critical for patient survival and long-term well-being.ConclusionsThe available in vivo animal models have provided many insights into the interwoven pathophysiology of severe burn injury, especially concerning thermoregulation. We offer an outlook on concepts of altered central thermoregulation from non-burn research as potential areas of future research interest and aim to provide an overview of the clinical implications of temperature management in burn patients.

ABSTRACT The thermal comfort of finished fabric is directly influenced to its capacity of thermo regulation of human skin and allows the perspiration of the human body. A study on effect of Musa acuminata SAP on the thermal comfort performance of the cotton finished fabric has been analyzed. It was evident that the fabric finished with a lower concentration of Musa acuminata SAP and lower temperature at least processing time has improved result in air permeability, water vapor permeability and thermal conductivity of the finished fabrics. It was also observed that the fabric finished with a higher concentration of Musa acuminata SAP and higher temperature at the highest processing time has better performance in the thermal resistance of the fabric.

Aberrant behavior prediction and severity analysis for autistic child through deep transfer learning to avoid adverse drug effect

겨울철 전자 기기 사용을 위한 전도성 보온장갑의 착용성 평가 : 손의 기민성과 사용성, 체온조절 반응을 중심으로

Background Hyperhidrosis is a pathologic disease of excessive sweating in amounts greater than the physiologically necessary thermoregulation. Although hand sweating does not have a significant effect on the health of patients, it can be uncomfortable to shake hands, complicate the writing, and cause humiliation and psychological distress. The primary treatment for patients with the disease is video-assisted thoracic sympathectomy (VATS) to be done with accuracy, with improved health care and good outcomes. Aim The aim was to assess the effect VATS on patient’s quality of life according to the level of sympathectomy performed, as well as the presence of postoperative complications. Patients and methods This is a comparative randomized study that was conducted at Al-Zahraa University Hospital. A total of 126 patients with palmar hydrosis were involved in this study. The authors included patients from 16 to 40 years, in whom the sweating had a negative effect on their work. The authors have classified patients into two groups, those who underwent VATS on T3 and those who on T4 level, randomly. The authors followed patients at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months. Results The study was conducted on 126 patients, comprising 27.7% males and 72.3% females, with mean age of 25.8+5.8 and 25.2+4.4 in T3 and T4 groups, respectively. The incidence of compensatory hyperhidrosis was significantly lower in T4 group at 6 and 12 months, and also it was lower at long-term follow-up of 24 months, but with no significance statistically. We have noticed high rates of satisfaction of different degrees in both groups. T4 group showed better efficacy in limiting compensatory hyperhidrosis compared with T3 group. Conclusion Thoracoscopic T4, T3 sympathectomy provides very good results, with very low incidence of compensatory hyperhidrosis. T4 appears to be the best segment for treatment of primary hyperhidrosis.

We established positive influence of granulated alfalfa feed on the growth, development intensity, and sport qualities of the race horses. We registered the increase in live weight of young horses, which consumed the full granulated alfalfa feed by 8.0-9.8%. These animals had a more pronounced constitutional breed type. Thus, at the age of 18 months, they outclassed their peers in main linear dimensions: they had higher values of thoracic development (by 4.6%), higher thoracic diameter (by 4.5%), higher body length (by 5.7%). At the age of 24 months, these advantages were 6.4, 8.2, and 6.0% respectively. We found that the colts and fillies in the experimental group at the age of 12 months outperformed the same year horses from the control group by 1.1% by the index of format. Further, at the age of 18 and 24 months, the animals of the experimental group outperformed their counterparts from the control group by 0.2 and 0.4%, respectively. In terms of breast circumference index, the advantage of the exerimentary group animals at the age of 12 months was 0.1%, at the age of 18 months - 1.7%, at the age of 24 months - 1.8%, respectively. Similar results were recorded for the compactness index, where the advantage at the age of 12 months was 1.2%, at 18 months - 1.9%, at 24 months - 2.3% respectively. The effective use of environmentally friendly feed is confirmed by the results of hematological blood tests. It was found that for the vast majority of indicators they correspond to the physiological norm. This blood composition naturally characterizes changes in horses during the whole period of research. The received hematological profile is the basic characteristic of the state of health of horses in the research enterprise.

Background: Delayed Cord Clamping (DCC) has been recommended by multiple medical bodies, including the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, especially due to its benefits in preterm neonates, and is being adopted in many practices. Previous studies have shown benefits such as decreased blood transfusions, improved thermoregulation, decreased rates of intraventricular hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis, however recent studies have found no improved morbidity or mortality. Goal: To evaluate whether there was an effect of delayed cord clamping on short term neonatal …

The highly lipid-rich blubber in the hypodermis is a specialized structure that functions in thermoregulation, energy storage, buoyancy control, locomotion, and streamlining the body shape in marine mammals. The key objective of this study was to investigate blubber development in the East Asian Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri) across the ontogenetic (fetuses, calves, and adults) and reproductive states (adults, pregnant, and lactating). Blubber samples were collected from East Asian Finless Porpoises (EAFP) that were accidentally caught in the fishing nets in the Bohai/Yellow Sea from late April to mid May of 2015. The mean blubber depth was significantly thinner in fetuses across the ontogenetic groups and significantly thicker in pregnant and lactating vs. adult females across the reproductive states. Across the four regions in each group, we did not find significant variations in blubber depth. However, the correlations between body length and weight vs. blubber depth was significant. Histological observation identified three layers of stratified blubber with a significantly smaller adipocyte cell size in fetuses and a significantly higher area ratio of structural fiber in the middle and inner layers across the ontogenetic groups. Across the reproductive states, we did not observe a statistically significant difference in the adipocyte cell size or area ratio of the structural fiber. Our results suggest that prenatal blubber growth is characterized by an increase in the adipocyte cell count, while postnatal growth is the result of an increase in cell size. They also indicate that ontogeny can affect blubber depths and cellular measurements in the EAFP.

Thermoregulation in the heat: Not so black and white.

Gravidas receiving epidural labor analgesia are at an increased risk for intrapartum fever due to unknown mechanism, which may be related to thermoregulation, non-infectious inflammatory, continued use of local anesthetic agents and trauma from epidural catheter insertion. Epidural labor analgesia-related intrapartum fever is associated with excessive obstetric interventions, higher rates of cesarean and assisted vaginal deliveries, unnecessary maternal and neonatal exposure to antibiotics, and adverse neonatal outcomes. Hence it is imperative to explore its etiology and shorten the labor with a safe and effective measure to reduce the occurrence of intrapartum fever. Key words: Analgesia, epidural; Analgesia, obstetrical; Fever

Thermoregulation of an athlete during physical activities plays an important role especially in endurance sports such as cycling. Depending on the kind and intensity level of the activity thermoregulation can affect performance and/or thermal comfort. During cycling, especially within the MTB categories, athletes often wear a backpack. The overall goal of the study was to engineer a new backpack ventilation technology utilizing the relative headwind generated during cycling for convective heat transfer between backpack and first clothing layer. Exploration and evaluation of new rear panel designs were done applying a CFD analysis. CFD Analyses were done at AirShaper TM using a steady-state RANS (Reynols Averaged Navier Stokes) method with k-omega SST turbulence model. The CFD analysis of the newly developed rear panel designs exhibit the potential to influence the convective heat transfer especially around the spine region in a positive way during cycling.

Purpose: As a neonatal-pediatric critical care transport team, we closely monitor and track the admission temperatures of the neonates brought to our NICU by our team. From January 2016-November 2017 our transport team transported 1,262 neonatal patients. Of those patients, 82.4% were considered normothermic. Neonates …

Background: The first hours of life can be critical to a very low birthweight (VLBW) infant. For many, that timeframe occurs outside the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Steps employed to ensure best practices to deliver the same quality of NICU care throughout transport can have life long effects. SMART Aim: By May, 2016, a protocol to guide care of the VLBW infant will be written, initiated and monitored during the transport of infants < or = to 1500 grams (birth weight (BW)) with the goal of providing optimal thermoregulation …

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of testicular covering thickness, scrotal circumference and scrotal surface temperature gradient insert semen quality attributes of Karan Fries breeding bull. Six ejaculates were collected from each randomly selected bulls (n=15), and seminal quality attributes were evaluated during peak winter season. Same time scrotal surface temperature gradient (SSTG), the thickness of testicular covering (TTC) and scrotal circumference (SC) of individual bulls were recorded using DarviDTL007 infrared thermography camera, ultrasonography and measuring tape, respectively. Three groups were formed based on SSTG (Group I- £ 4 oC, Group II- 4.1 to 6.8 oC and Group III- ³6.9 oC), two groups based on TTC (Group I- 3.03 to 4.85 and Group II- 4.86 to 7.03 mm) and SC (Group I- 32 to 35 and Group II- 36 to 41 cm). Ejaculate rejection rate (ERR) was significantly decreased with the increase of SSTG and SC. ERR was not affected with TTC. The increase of SSTG (from GroupI to Group III), mass activity and non-eosinophilic sperm count were significantly increased, and sperm abnormalities were significantly (p<0.01) decreased. Similarly, with the increase of SSTG and abnormalities were significantly (p<0.01) increased among different groups. Ejaculate volume and non-eosinophilic sperm count were significantly (p<0.01) increased with SC group I and group II. It can be concluded that scrotal surface temperature gradient was a better indicator of semen quality as compared to the thickness of testicular covering and bulls having a higher scrotal surface temperature gradient, scrotal circumference and lower thickness of testicular covering produced better quality semen.

Second graders and their teacher have PhUn learning about thermoregulation.

Many small birds living in regions with seasonal fluctuations and ambient temperatures typically respond to cold by increasing metabolic thermogenesis, internal organ mass and the oxidative capacity of certain tissues. In this study, we investigated seasonal adjustments in body mass, resting metabolic rate (RMR), evaporative water loss (EWL), the mass of selected internal organs, and two indicators of cellular aerobic respiration (mitochondrial state-4 respiration and cytochrome c oxidase activity) in Chinese hwamei (Garrulax canorus) that had been captured in summer or winter from Wenzhou, China. RMR and EWL were higher in winter than in summer. State-4 respiration in the heart, liver, kidneys and pectoral muscle, as well as cytochrome c oxidase activity in the liver, kidneys and pectoral muscle were also higher in winter than summer. In addition, there was a positive correlation between RMR and EWL, and between RMR and indicators of cellular metabolic activity in the heart, liver, kidneys and pectoral muscle. This phenotypic flexibility in physiological and biochemical thermoregulatory responses may be important to the hwamei's ability to survive the unpredictable, periodic, cold temperatures commonly experienced in Wenzhou in winter.

Thermoregulation and its disorders in the children’s perioperative period

Introduction. Endurance exercise performance progressively deteriorates as the surrounding ambient temperature increases, 1 which is exacerbated when combined with increasing humidity 2 and solar radiation. 3 It is clear that there is a strong link between increases in thermoregulatory strain, due to elevations in both metabolic and ambient heat, and impaired endurance performance. 4 It has become commonplace to implement pre-cooling prior to competition to alleviate this performance decline, with ~50% of athletes having a defined strategy prior to competing in the heat. 5 Such strategies include the use of ice-vests, which have been suggested to improve time trial performance in the heat by approximately 5%. 6 However, little is known about the ambient temperature threshold above which pre-cooling becomes an effective strategy for enhancing endurance performance. With most studies focusing on a single ambient temperature, typically above 30EsC or a Wet Globe Bulb Temperature (WGBT) of 26EsC. 7 Therefore, it was the aim of this study to investigate the effect of pre-cooling in different environmental temperatures on time trial performance. It was hypothesized that pre-cooling would improve time trial performance in all environmental temperatures, with the magnitude of effect dependent on environmental temperature. Methods. In an independent groups design, 24 trained male cyclists (age 24.3 ± 5.1 years; VO 2max 61.3 ± 3.7 mL . kg . min -` ; training frequency ≥3 times per week) completed two time trials with (COLD) and without (CON) of pre-cooling using an ice-vest and sleeves ensemble. Pre-cooling was implemented for 30 minutes at rest and during a 9 minute progressive warm up, in ambient temperatures of 24.0 ± 0.1°C & 49.5 ± 1.4% rh (WBGT 19.2°C); 27.2 ± 0.3°C & 50.7 ± 5.3% rh (WBGT 22.1°C); or 35.0 ± 0.4°C & 50.6% ± 1.3% rh (29.2°C). Participants removed the cooling vest (if warn) on completion of the warm up, prior to completing a self-paced time trial designed to last ~60 minutes when ridden at ~75% W max . Results. Time trial performance was 6.2% and 2.6% faster following COLD in both 35EsC and 27EsC (figure 1A) but not 24EsC (1.2%). Magnitude based inferential statistics indicate that COLD was very likely beneficial to performance in 35EsC and likely beneficial in 27EsC and possibly beneficial in 24°C. Mean power was 2.4% 2.5% and 5.6% higher following COLD (figure 1B,C) and considered to be likely beneficial in 24°C and very likely beneficial in 27EsC and 35EsC. There was no effect of COLD on gastrointestinal temperature at any point. Conclusions. Pre-cooling with an ice-vest and sleeves is likely to have a positive effect on time trial performance at temperatures above 24EsC, with a clear relationship between ambient temperature and the magnitude of effect of pre-cooling. These results indicate that cyclists should start to consider implementing a pre-cooling procedure prior to racing a time-trial in environmental temperatures of 24EsC and above. Importantly, utilising pre-cooling in lower ambient temperatures is unlikely to have a detrimental effect on performance at the cooling intensities used here. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that a lower ambient temperature threshold has been identified above which pre-cooling has a significant ergogenic impact on performance.