Impact of food processing methods and polyphenol interactions on the structural integrity and functionality of wheat gluten proteins.

NMR and MRI provide a variety of customizable methodsfor process monitoring. A selection was applied to monitor structural and compositional changes in hazelnuts during thermal treatment, with particular focus on the roasting and aging behavior of hazelnut oil. Hazelnuts contain a high oil fraction stored in subcellular oleosomes, whose stability is crucial for product quality and shelf life. Thermal stress can alter these microscopic oil-containing structures, affecting oil mobility and oxidative stability. Insitu MRI measurements were combined with pulsed field gradient stimulated echo (PFG-STE) NMR diffusion experiments to investigate structural changes across multiple length scales. MRI detected mesostructural alterations in the hazelnut matrix from ~50 μm to several millimeters, corresponding to features above the cellular level. At roasting temperatures below 150°C, only minor structural changes occurred, whereas at 200°C, pronounced void formation and cellular collapse were observed. A dedicated experimental setup enabled insitu measurements during roasting under controlled temperature, allowing spatially resolved monitoring of oil redistribution in coarse nut structure. Complementary PFG-STE NMR diffusion measurements provided insight into the microstructure (100 nm-10 μm), revealing subcellular structural changes and oil mobility. These results showed that oleosomes were largely destroyed already at 100°C. Furthermore, NMR spectroscopy demonstrated temperature-dependent oxidation kinetics of unsaturated fatty acids in hazelnut oil on a molecular level, with clear formation of oxidation products upon heating, whereas ambient storage caused only minor chemical changes. The combined use of MRI and NMR enables quasi-nondestructive, insitu monitoring of molecular, microstructural, and mesostructural transformations in hazelnuts and their oil under controlled thermal processing conditions.

Separation of cerium from other rare earth elements by thermal treatment and selective hydrochloric leaching

From aggregate to composite: Design of flax-based concretes through thermal treatment and hemp synergy for controlled construction practices

Tailoring the optical and structural properties of SnO2/SeO2 heterojunction nanofibers through electrospinning and thermal treatment

Kinetic characteristics and emission reduction potential of gaseous pollutants during thermal treatment of decommissioned photovoltaic modules with different encapsulants

Gamma-gliadins and some non-gluten proteins critically influence the rheological behavior of wheat dough subjected to thermal treatment

Impact of underground coal thermal treatment on the structural framework and compositional transformations in bituminous coal: Opportunities for enhanced CO2 geo-storage

Battery-grade graphite from direct recycling: effect of the thermal treatment on the properties of the regenerated anode material

Mechanism of Cu migration and transformation during pyrolysis of Copper-Bearing sludge regulated by Cellulose/Kaolinite.

Tin halide formulations are emerging as the leading sustainable, lead-free options for thin-film perovskite solar cells. In this study, we focused on the fully inorganic CsSnI3 composition and systematically explored a solvent-free approach to manufacturing device-grade films via sequential thermal evaporation under vacuum. This production technique is compatible with industry standards, offers fewer constraints than coevaporation, and holds great promise for Pb-based perovskite fabrication but has yet to be thoroughly investigated for tin-based formulations. By eliminating solvents, the approach could also prove effective in mitigating the inherent self-p-doping of these materials, a critical requirement for achieving high-efficiency devices. We tested both double- and multilayer fabrication protocols and compared the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of as-deposited and annealed films. This investigation was complemented by integrating the evaporated CsSnI3 layers into p-i-n solar cells as a diagnostic tool. Our findings provide insights into (i) the impact of the deposition protocol on the material properties and (ii) the potential for fine-tuning them via postdeposition thermal treatments. Both methods yielded highly crystalline and compact films, while self-p-doping persisted in pure stoichiometric CsSnI3 films, with a free hole density of around 1019 cm-3 regardless of the protocol. Notably, a 1-order-of-magnitude reduction in the hole density was achieved by incorporating SnF2 as a reducing agent. Readily implemented via the deposition of an additional layer, the inclusion of additives emerges as a necessary yet viable route toward device-grade evaporated CsSnI3.

With the advancement of high-power and fine-feature electronic devices, metallic pastes have emerged as essential conductive materials, whose performance largely depends on the structure of the organic carrier. Conventional polyamide wax thixotropic agents, based on amide hydrogen-bonded networks, are often overly rigid, leading to poor leveling after demolding and local aggregation or porosity under high silver loadings. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a microphase-separated styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEPS) block copolymer as a thixotropic agent. Through the synergy between hard and soft segments, SEPS forms a reversible microgel network that enhances organic-inorganic interfacial interactions and metal particle dispersion. The hard segments interact with particle surfaces to improve dispersion, while soft segments enable shear-thinning and rapid viscoelastic recovery, thereby achieving high-resolution, fine-line printing. Moreover, during thermal treatment, the stepwise decomposition of the organic phase promotes silver particle necking and grain growth, further densifying the electrode. Consequently, a low porosity (8.66%) and uniform electrode morphology are achieved, resulting in an extremely low resistivity (3.03µΩ·cm). Through synergistic control of rheology and particle coalescence, this work provides a strategy for optimizing metallic functional pastes toward precision-printed electronic devices.

Erbium-based nanoparticles (Er-NPs) were synthesized by Pulse Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) and then heated at temperatures between 200°C-1000°C. A crystal structure transition from mixed cubic-monoclinic phase to pure cubic Erbium oxide (Er2O3) phase is observed at 600°C, accompanied by strong volume compaction of the Er-NPs. Through careful examination of their morphology, crystal structure, and chemical composition, we investigated the effects of post-synthesis thermal annealing on the 4f-4f optical transitions associated with Erbium ions (Er3+). Our results indicate that thermal treatment conducted in a N2 atmosphere at ∼600°C promotes the stabilization of Er-NPs in their favorable oxidation state for optimal red photoluminescence (PL) around 665 nm. This is connected to the thermo-activated elimination of hydroxyl groups, the atomic densification that significantly reduces the Er-NP size and crystal disorder, as well as the stabilization of oxygen ligands leading to cubic crystal symmetry. The contribution of several competing mechanisms to the observed PL is outpaced by energy transfer processes to the 4f emitting levels of Er3+, whose efficiency becomes optimal for reduced interatomic distances. The improved properties of Er-NPs demonstrate their potential as next-generation tunable nanomaterials for integration in optical sources, display devices, as well as in high-reliability and temperature-resistant thermal sensors.

Intracellular paraprobiotics (PP) and postbiotics (PB) derived from lactic acid bacteria are being increasingly explored as alternatives to conventional probiotics. We examined the immunomodulatory effects of PP and PB obtained from Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum BAL-28-ITTG using human intestinal epithelial (HIEC-6) and dendritic (NHDC) cell lines. PP and PB were obtained by thermal and thermal-sonication treatments and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, fatty acid profiling (GC-MS), and SDS‒PAGE. Cellular responses were assessed through metabolic activity (MTT), catalase/caspase activity, and multiplex cytokine quantification. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and appropriate post hoc tests. PP and PB did not induce cytotoxic effects in HIEC-6 or NHDC cells. PP treatment increased cellular metabolic activity in a dose-dependent manner and modulated the secretion of cytokines, particularly IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. Interestingly, PP-2 enhanced cytokine production under basal conditions while attenuating cytokine responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cultures. These findings demonstrate that BAL-28-ITTG-derived paraprobiotics and postbiotics modulate cytokine responses in human intestinal and immune cell models in vitro, warranting further investigation to determine their biological relevance in vivo.

This work examined the development of amylose–lipid complexes in green banana flour (Musa × paradisiaca) incorporated with virgin coconut oil (VCO), focusing on their spectral, thermal, and in vitro digestibility characteristics. Firstly, the native banana flour was analyzed for apparent amylose content using a spectrophotometric assay. To facilitate amylose–lipid complexation, both hot-pressed and cold-pressed VCO were incorporated into the banana flour under controlled thermal conditions, after which amylose–lipid interactions were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy for spectral features and differential scanning calorimetry for thermal behavior. The banana flour exhibited an AAC of 26.40 ± 0.002%. GCMS analysis of FAME derivatized VCO detected medium- to long-chain fatty acids, including octanoic (C8:0), decanoic (C10:0), dodecanoic (C12:0), tetradecanoic (C14:0), and hexadecanoic acids (C16:0) stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1). FTIR coupled with multivariate analysis and Raman spectra confirmed lipid incorporation/retention in green banana flour through characteristic O–H, C–H, and C=O bands. While DSC revealed distinct endothermic transitions at 89.56 ± 2.17 °C (ΔHₘ = 0.8587 ± 0.1014 J g−1) for hot-pressed VCO and 89.18 ± 0.98 °C (ΔHₘ = 0.6267 ± 0.0777 J g−1) for cold-pressed VCO, consistent with the melting of V-type amylose–lipid complexes. Morphological analysis revealed that thermal treatment transformed native banana flour from irregular granular structures into an amorphous matrix via starch gelatinization, whereas subsequent incorporation of VCO promoted aggregation. In vitro enzymatic digestion showed a slight reduction in starch hydrolysis in VCO-treated samples. The incorporation of an exogenous lipid, such as VCO, into green banana flour promotes the formation of thermally stable amylose–lipid complexes that reduce enzymatic digestibility.

The promising properties of spinel ferrite for various applications must be completed by the development of flexible and inexpensive thin film deposition processes. In this work, Co–Mn spinel ferrite thin films (Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 Fe 2.33 O 4 ) were successfully deposited on quartz and silicon substrates using a low‐cost spray pyrolysis technique. The films were annealed at 700°C and 900°C to investigate the effect of thermal treatment on their structural, optical, and electrical properties. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a single‐phase cubic spinel structure with improved crystallinity and increased crystallite size at higher temperatures. Scanning electronic microscopy and energy dispersive of X‐ray photons analyses showed uniform morphology and homogeneous elemental distribution, demonstrating high‐quality and defect‐controlled films. Optical studies revealed a progressive band gap reduction from 2.08 to 1.81 eV with increasing annealing temperature, attributed to grain growth and reduced defect density, favoring enhanced visible light absorption. Electrical characterization of the Ag/ferrite/ n ‐Si heterostructures exhibited rectifying behavior, with I–V and C–V measurements at 900°C suggesting a double‐diode configuration and enhanced carrier mobility. Frequency‐dependent conductance transitioned from a single Jonscher power law to a double‐slope behavior upon annealing, consistent with reduced defect density and modified hopping mechanisms. These results demonstrate that spray pyrolysis is an effective route for producing high‐quality Co–Mn ferrite thin films and highlight the crucial role of annealing temperature in tuning their structural and functional properties. Such films have promising potential for integration into microwave, magnetic, and photovoltaic devices.

This study investigates the efficacy of co-assembled, physically cross-linked nanocarriers comprising tannic acid (TA) and a P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA) random/statistical double-hydrophilic copolymer for ovalbumin (OVA) encapsulation. TA-based nanocarriers, prepared at varying TA molar ratios (10% w/v and 20% w/v), exhibited nanoaggregates of different sizes, as revealed by dynamic light scattering, with Nanocarrier 1 system showing populations of 11 and 109 nm, while Nanocarrier 2 formed a single population of 75 nm in size. Notably, both colloidal systems demonstrated stability under thermal treatment and resilience to changes in salt concentrations higher than 0.15 M, but disassembly phenomena in basic media. Utilizing these nanocarriers for OVA loading via electrostatic interactions revealed strong positive charges (~30 mV) for all protein-loaded nanocarrier cases. In particular, they demonstrated sizes within the desired range (Rh = 96–118 nm) and considerable stability over 20 days and in the presence of serum proteins. Overall, this study underscores the importance of physical cross-linking as a viable strategy for the formation of tunable nanometric hydrocolloids for effective protein encapsulation, with significant implications for drug delivery systems.

Excavation and retreatment of landfilled chelated incineration fly ash (CIFA) is an important pathway to recovering landfill capacity and improving waste management, but its potential risks remain unclear. This study investigates the secondary release behaviors of chloride and heavy metals during water washing of landfilled CIFA. Under the optimal water washing conditions-liquid-solid ratio of 8.3:1, 50min, and 63°C-soluble chlorides were effectively leached, yielding a chloride removal of 86.95%; the residual soluble Cl content dropped below 1 wt%, meeting the requirement for direct high-temperature thermal treatment. Water washing promoted the release of heavy metals into the aqueous phase predominantly as hydroxo-complex anions, while the remaining metals in the solid occurred mainly in the oxidizable and residual fractions. The risk assessment indices for the Washed CIFA (WCIFA) indicated that the potential risk of Pb escalated from "low" to "medium", necessitating continued attention during subsequent thermal treatment. Nevertheless, the synthetic toxicity index and hazard index for heavy metals suggested that the overall environmental risk of the WCIFA was low. Overall, water washing not only efficiently extracts soluble chlorides from CIFA but also mitigates the overall risk of heavy metals, thereby validating the process as an effective pretreatment step for its subsequent management.

Percutaneous thermal ablation-based locoregional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 3cm: a 10-year single-center retrospective study.

The investigation of helical coordination polymers (CPs) with integrated molecular and mesoscale chirality as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chiral selectors is a crucial endeavor. Nevertheless, the related study has not been reported. Herein, we prepared a set of CPs that exhibited distinct morphologies, including nanofiber, twist ribbon, and superhelix with varying helical pitches. Subsequently, a series of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on these chiral CPs were successfully fabricated by coating them onto the spherical aminated silica gel matrix. A systematic investigation into the separation performances of these CSPs was conducted via HPLC. By comparing the relationship between chiral CPs with different morphologies and their chromatographic separation abilities, we found that the superhelix possessing both molecular and mesoscale chirality exhibited the most superior chiral separation performance, capable of efficiently resolving nine racemic compounds with a maximum resolution of 3.62. However, the CSPs prepared from chiral CPs with nanofiber or twist ribbon morphologies displayed comparatively poor chromatographic separation abilities. Meanwhile, the chiral separation performance was markedly diminished for the dehelical polymer obtained through the thermal treatment of the superhelix, underscoring that mesoscale superhelical chirality is crucial for chiral recognition and separation. Additionally, we also found that the pitch sizes of the mesoscale superhelices have a significant internal connection with their chiral separation performances. This work not only identifies hierarchical chiral CPs with dual molecular and mesoscale helical chirality as promising chiral materials for chromatographic enantioseparation but also establishes that the introducing mesoscale superhelices and controlling their pitches precisely are key to boosting chiral separation efficiency.