Solvent-free engineering of a co-amorphous efavirenz-ritonavir system by hot-melt extrusion: Solid-state stabilisation and improved bioavailability.

Goat milk has gained increasing attention as a nutritionally rich and digestible alternative to cow milk, yet its industrial utilization remains limited by its low thermal stability. Proteins play a central role in determining this thermal fragility. However, current understanding of goat milk thermal stability remains fragmented, and a systematic synthesis is still lacking. Focusing on goat milk proteins, this review synthesizes current evidence and compares goat milk with cow milk to clarify how differences in protein composition and structure contribute to its relatively low thermal stability. Furthermore, an integrated temperature-dependent framework is proposed to unify the structural transitions and aggregation behavior of goat milk proteins reported under different thermal processing conditions. Within this framework, current stabilization strategies are comparatively evaluated, with particular emphasis on their mechanisms and practical feasibility. Overall, this review provides an integrated and systematic perspective on the heat instability of goat milk proteins. At the same time, the synthesis highlights several remaining knowledge gaps, particularly in protein interaction mechanisms within complex milk matrices and in the lack of standardized methods for evaluating thermal stability, which deserve further investigation.

Preparation of a carbon fiber brush for solid-phase microextraction of petroleum hydrocarbons from environmental water samples.

Synthesis of a 3D solvent-free energetic Cu(I)-MOF: Thermal stability, low sensitivity, high detonation performance and ammonium perchlorate decomposition promotion

A highly conserved residue unlocks thermostability in β-glucuronidases.

Synergistic effects of 3D printed polymer layer-MXene interfaces on electromagnetic wave shielding and thermal stability

Quaternary Li 3 Ba 2 Gd 3 (WO 4 ) 8 phosphors co-doped with Er 3+ and Yb 3+ ions were investigated for their structural, optical, and previously unexplored thermometric properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed a pure monoclinic C2/c phase, while FTIR and Raman spectroscopy verified the presence of [WO 4 ] 2- units. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance revealed Er 3+ absorption bands and an expanded bandgap (2.87- 3.16 eV), highlighting efficient rare-earth incorporation. Under 979 nm excitation, the phosphors displayed intense green upconversion emissions ( 2 H 11/2 → 4 I 15/2 , 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 ), accompanied by weaker red and NIR bands, arising from efficient Yb 3+ → Er 3+ energy transfer dominated by two-photon processes. Temperature-dependent studies revealed remarkable thermal stability, negligible spectral shifts, and highly repeatability luminescence under cyclic heating. The optimized composition (2% Er 3+ / 20% Yb 3+ ) exhibited outstanding thermometric performance, with relative sensitivities reaching 2.166 %·K -1 and low temperature uncertainty (δT = 0.025–0.042 K). Overall, the quaternary LBGW: Yb 3+ /Er 3+ phosphors demonstrate strong upconversion, remarkable thermal stability, and precise optical temperature sensing, making them highly suitable for advanced temperature-sensitive technologies. • Li 3 Ba 2 Gd 3 (WO 4 ) 8 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ phosphors synthesized via solid-state reaction. • Highly efficient Yb 3+ →Er 3+ energy transfer enhances upconversion intensity. • Two-photon processes dominate Er 3+ excitation and emission mechanisms. • Phosphors show excellent thermal stability and repeatable luminescence behavior. • Outstanding thermometric performance with sensitivity up to 2.166 %·K -1 with minimal δT (0.025–0.042 K).

Optimization of three-phase partitioning for catechol oxidase purification from fresh deglet-nour date variety cultivated in southern Algeria, and characterization of its catalytic and thermal stability

Elucidating superoxide dismutase interactions with whey protein isolate using multi-spectroscopy, deep learning, and molecular dynamic simulations.

Montmorillonite (MMT), a layered silicate mineral is a promising potential catalytic support for water splitting and supercapacitor applications because of its large surface area, affordability, thermal stability, and ion exchange capacity. In this study, we introduce MMT clay modified with different weight percentages of Co (3, 5, 10, and 15wt%) that modulate the alumina-silica framework. Tandemly, it facilitates the stacked layers of clay and generates numerous active sites. The Co-MMT5 exhibited excellent HER and OER performance at an overpotential of 153mV (at 20 mAcm-2) and 347mV (at 10 mAcm-2), respectively. Moreover, we assessed overall water splitting with the Co-MMT5 catalyst, which required a cell potential of 1.73V to achieve 10 mAcm-2 of current density. Beyond catalysis, Co-MMT5 also functions as a high-performance pseudocapacitive electrode, delivering a specific capacitance of 330 F/ g at 1 A/g, driven by reversible Co2+/Co3+ redox reactions within the clay matrix. The shared cobalt redox chemistry underlying both electrocatalysis and charge storage provides a unified mechanistic origin for the multifunctionality of this material. This work establishes cobalt-intercalated natural clay as a scalable and sustainable materials platform for integrated hydrogen production and electrochemical energy storage.

Chitosan-based carbonaceous adsorbent for wastewater treatment applications.

Shape-stabilised phase change materials for reinforced concrete roof cooling: Thermophysical performance study

Sarsasapogenin ameliorates Alzheimer's disease by dual inhibition of RIPK1-mediated necroptosis and pyroptosis.

Evaluation of activity and stability of immobilized thermostable Aspergillus oryzae lipase on cotton cloth fibrils.

Electro-blown-spun ZrB2/SiC nanocomposite fiber mats: tailoring microstructure for robust EM absorption, thermal stability, and flexibility

Total glucosides of picrorhizae rhizome (TGPR) are a promising candidate drug for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). To clarify the material basis underlying its efficacy, it is crucial to characterize the cellular pharmacokinetics of TGPR. A highly sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established in this study for the simultaneous quantification of picroside I, II, III, and IV from TGPR in HepG2 cells and their subcellular fractions (nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm). Additionally, molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) were employed to investigate the binding of TGPR to ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY). The results showed that the analytical method was fully validated and within acceptable limits. All four TGPR components could enter HepG2 cells, reaching peak time at approximately 1.5 h, with picroside II exhibiting the highest exposure levels. In the nucleus and cytoplasm, picroside I and II exhibited relatively high affinity and did not reach saturation within 24 h. CETSA and molecular docking confirmed that TGPR directly bound to ACLY to enhance its thermal stability. In conclusion, this study first reveals the cellular pharmacokinetic characteristics of TGPR in HepG2 cells and identifies ACLY as its direct target, providing scientific evidence for further exploring the potential targets and mechanisms of TGPR.

Bioengineered polycaprolactone nanofibers co-loaded with RGD and asiatic acid for dentin-pulp regeneration.

Investigation of physical properties of lavender-reinforced heat-activated polymethyl methacrylate resin.

This study evaluates the environmental impacts and thermal performance of fired and unfired bricks incorporating Para Rubber Latex (PRL). Samples were collected from eight traditional and small-scale production sites in Ayutthaya provinces, Thailand. A cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted with measurement-based thermal analysis of 1 × 1 m wall panels under hot-humid climate conditions. Fired bricks exhibited total emissions of approximately 474.54 gCO₂e per brick, with the firing stage (Module A3) contributing 53.86.%, dominated by biogenic CO₂ released from rice husk combustion. In contrast, unfired bricks emitted only 336.56 gCO₂e per brick, mainly from transportation and cement use (Module A2), accounting for 88.77 % of total emissions—an 29.07 % reduction compared to fired bricks. PRL incorporation induced favorable microstructural modification, forming a continuous polymer film that reduced pore connectivity, leading to lower water absorption and enhanced thermal insulation. The PRL5 % mixture achieved balanced performance, improving compressive strength by 3.0 % while maintaining low thermal conductivity. Thermal analysis revealed that fired brick walls, with higher thermal conductivity (1.12 W/m·K), experienced faster and greater internal temperature fluctuations (ΔT_in=10.0°C). Unfired bricks, with lower conductivity (0.4253 W/m·K), maintained better thermal stability, maintaining a time lag of under one hour. For a 10 m² wall, unfired bricks reduced average heat loss by up to 78.81 % and lowered CO₂ emissions over fourfold compared to fired bricks. Overall, unfired rubberized bricks—especially those with 2.5–5 % rubber latex (PRL2.5–PRL5)—demonstrate strong potential as low-carbon, energy-efficient alternatives for sustainable building applications.

Pesticide residues pose a major threat to ecosystems and human health, creating an urgent need for sensitive, rapid, and affordable detection technologies. Electrochemical sensing has gained prominence owing to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and high analytical efficiency. This study aims to develop a sustainable electrochemical sensor based on a polyaniline-vanadium pentoxide (PANI-V₂O₅) nanocomposite for detection of the insecticide emamectin benzoate (EmBz). The work focuses on fabricating the nanocomposite, characterizing its structural and thermal properties, and evaluating its electrochemical and sensing performance. PANI-V₂O₅ nanocomposites were synthesized via oxidative polymerization and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, confirming well-defined crystallinity, chemical bonding, and thermal stability. Electrochemical testing using cyclic voltammetry revealed two distinct redox peak pairs, indicating excellent reversibility and enhanced electroactivity. Galvanostatic charge/discharge analysis yielded a specific capacitance of 119.53 F/g, an energy density of 26.83 F/g V2, and a power density of 243.91 F/g V2/h, demonstrating a high charge storage capability. Differential pulse voltammetry showed clear responses to varying EmBz concentrations, enabling quantitative detection. The fabricated sensor had a limit of detection of 9.6 × 10-5 and a limit of quantification of 2.9 × 10-3, confirming its ability to detect EmBz at low levels. The PANI-V₂O₅-based sensor exhibits high electroactive performance, excellent capacitance, and strong analytical sensitivity toward EmBz. These findings highlight its potential as a reliable and sustainable platform for monitoring pesticide contaminants, contributing to improved environmental safety and analytical sensor development. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.