Characteristics of stephan blowing and thermal radiation on williamson nanofluid with thermal non-equilibrium effect using bayesian-regularization optimizer-deep neural network

Peristaltic transport of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid flow through an inclined porous tube under a magnetic field and thermal radiation in a fuzzy environment

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) technique for hybrid nanofluid flow equipped with thermal radiation and porous media

Numerical study of micro polar fluid flow over a stretching sheet with darcy–forchheimer drag, thermal radiation, dufour effect, and heat source

A broadband metamaterial perfect absorber with near-perfect thermal radiation and extreme insensitivity to large-angle incidence

Investigation on the combustion behavior and dynamic thermal radiation model of two-dimensional diffusive spill fire

Aspects of thermal radiation from the atmosphere in Jezero crater, Mars, through observations and model results: An aphelion case study

Full-scale experimental investigation and Modeling of thermal radiation from high-pressure natural gas pipeline jet fires

Physics-informed machine learning and ISPH simulation of NEPCM melting in curved porous domains with nonlinear thermal radiation effects

Dynamic thermal radiation behavior and safety distance prediction for on-board hydrogen tank venting: Experimental and modeling approach

The mid-infrared (MIR) spectral window, typically spanning wavelengths from 2.5 to 20μm (or wave numbers 500-4000cm-1), constitutes a pivotal domain of the electromagnetic spectrum, where molecular vibrational and rotational transitions enable precise spectroscopic identification and tunable thermal radiation modulation. Mastery over this spectral range underpins a broad and growing suite of technologies, encompassing high-resolution MIR imaging and spectroscopic gas sensing, advanced thermal management via radiative cooling/heating and dynamic emissivity control, integrated photonic platforms featuring low-loss optical windows and waveguides, as well as MIR laser systems that leverage broadband transparency for efficient frequency conversion and beam delivery. High MIR transmittance (TMIR) is therefore essential for driving MIR photonic innovations, enabling efficient photon transmission, modulation, and targeted heat control. Yet, the fundamental interplay among material structure, photonic/electronic behavior, and MIR optical performance remains underexplored. This review comprehensively evaluates high TMIR materials, with an emphasis on their optical mechanisms, structural attributes, synthesis routes, and performance benchmarks. By elucidating structure-property relationships and offering design strategies for MIR transparency, this review provides a roadmap for developing high-performance MIR transparent materials for advanced thermal management, infrared optics, and next-generation photonic systems.

The continuous rise in global energy demand and the thermal degradation of photovoltaic modules under high solar irradiation have created a strong need for advanced photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems with improved heat removal and energy conversion efficiency. Conventional working fluids exhibit limited thermal conductivity, which restricts the overall performance of PV/T collectors and shortens module lifespan. To address this challenge, the present study investigates the use of a ternary hybrid nanofluid based on Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-water containing ZrO 2 , Cu, and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles, combined with the Cattaneo-Christov thermal relaxation model to capture non-Fourier heat transport effects. The model incorporates the influence of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, solar thermal radiation, and internal heat generation. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations were transformed and solved numerically using the using the Laplace-Hankel transform method, with gridindependence and convergence verification. The artificial neural network (ANN) demonstrated excellent predictive capability, with high correlation coefficients for the training, validation, and testing datasets. The model was trained using a comprehensive dataset generated from the numerical LHTM solution and optimized with the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm. The strong agreement between predicted and target values, together with low error metrics, confirms the reliability and generalization ability of the proposed ANN model. The Manuscript (.tex, .docx, .doc) Click here to access/download;Manuscript (.tex, .docx, .doc);correction Manuscript 15-2-2026 updated.docx results reveal that, at a total nanoparticle volume fraction of 𝜙 = 0.03, the ternary hybrid nanofluids increases the average Nusselt number by 34.8% and the heat transfer rate by 29.6% compared with the CMC-water base fluid. The inclusion of thermal radiation enhances the temperature distribution by 27.4%.

Eco-enhanced silicone rubber composites reinforced with micro and nano iron slag and TiO₂ for thermal stability and radiation protection.

This study addresses key challenges in obtaining reliable infrared data for maritime ship observation and limitations of existing models, such as simplified reflectance assumptions and incomplete multi-band coverage. To improve modeling accuracy and computational efficiency, a high-precision Bidirectional Reflectance and Pseudo-random Vector Enhanced Reverse Monte Carlo Method (BP-ERMCM) is developed. By combining the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), pseudo-random vector approaches, and improved ray-tracking algorithms with precomputed thermal radiation and MODTRAN’s atmospheric transfer model, BP-ERMCM provides multi-view infrared characteristic simulations across 3–5 μm and 8–12 μm bands. Simulations using a 3D ship model with 191 viewpoints reveal seasonal sensitivity, with summer peak intensity at 9.8 μm being 39.3% higher than in winter, and viewpoint dependency showing oblique overhead radiation 5.65 times greater than that from bow angles. Long-wave contours enhance target distinction, while mid-wave regions are dominated by reflection, increasing intensity at 3.8 μm by 56.1–85.7%. These findings highlight BP-ERMCM’s potential to inform infrared signature database construction, detector optimization, and maritime observation strategies. The findings underscore BP-ERMCM’s capability to enhance efficiency and accuracy, providing valuable insights for infrared databases, sensor selection, and maritime observation strategies, thereby advancing infrared signature analysis in maritime applications.

We demonstrate that the thermal radiation between deep subwavelength membranes of silicon carbide (SiC) exhibits a maximum enhancement over that of infinite SiC surfaces separated by the same vacuum gap. Based on fluctuational electrodynamics, we show that this enhancement occurs at a separation distance of 200nm and increases for thinner and colder membranes. This peak arises from the dominant contribution of electromagnetic modes localized at the corner and vertical edges of sufficiently thin membranes, which enable a strong coupling of surface phonon-polaritons appearing along their top and bottom surfaces. These resonant corner and edge modes effectively extend the emission cross-sectional area of the membranes over their geometrical one and, therefore, amplify their thermal radiation. For 10-nm-thick membranes of SiC at 300 K, the thermal conductance reaches 54pWK−1, which yields a maximum enhancement of 4.5 over the value for infinite SiC surfaces. Our findings, thus, reveal that the regime of near-field thermal radiation driven by corner and edge modes emerges and is optimized in deep subwavelength membranes separated by intermediate distances.

Abstract Peristaltic transport phenomena play a crucial role in microscale thermal and biological fluid systems; however, efficient regulation of heat transfer, entropy generation, and microorganism dynamics under combined electromagnetic and radiative effects remains inadequately understood. In this study, peristaltic transport of a conducting fluid in a wavy microchannel is analyzed by incorporating the dynamics of motile microorganisms, quadratic thermal radiation, and Lorentz forces. A nonlinear mathematical framework is formulated to capture the coupled behavior of velocity, temperature, microorganism concentration, and entropy generation, and the resulting system is solved numerically under long-wavelength and low-Reynolds-number assumptions relevant to microfluidic applications. Mathematical models are formulated via incorporating electro-kinetic effects, thermophoresis and Brownian motion, and rheological performance of hyperbolic tangent fluid. The governing nonlinear equations are formulated and solved numerically using a finite element method. The results reveal that the Lorentz force significantly suppresses the axial velocity and enhances flow resistance, leading to a notable reduction in pumping efficiency, while simultaneously increasing entropy generation due to intensified electromagnetic dissipation. Quadratic thermal radiation is found to markedly elevate the temperature field, which in turn amplifies thermal irreversibility and alters the spatial distribution of motile microorganisms. An increase in microorganism concentration strengthens bioconvective effects, stabilizing the flow structure but contributing to higher entropy production through enhanced mass transfer irreversibility.

The enquiry inspects the movement of bioconvection through a nanoliquid near the stagnant flow subject to a stretchable surface. The effects of convective flow condition, radiative flow with rate of heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction are considered in energy and concentration equations. A well-known Buongiorno’s the nanofluid model is applied to examine the effects of Brownian movement and thermophoresis characteristics. Irreversible analysis of the proposed system is also carried out. The modelled formulations having partial differential equations (PDEs) are transmuted through suitable transformations. Further, the set of transmuted ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can be employed by the analytical method recognised as the homotopic technique. The significance of numerous important variables in represented equations has been visually illustrated along with pertinent physical outcomes. The outcomes indicates that the rate of flow reduces due the rising values of Casson fluid variable (𝛾) while the Bejan profile is increasing with a bigger estimation of (𝛾). The augmentation in the thermal radiation (Rd) and Biot number (Bi) improved in the temperature field. However, reduction in motile density due to the larger magnitude of Bioconvection Lewis number (Lb). Comparison has been endeavored in the results of past publishing result.

This work involves detailed numerical research on tri-hybrid nanofluid flow that takes place between two gyrating disks with integrated effects of the magnetic field, Joule heating, thermal radiation, as well as, homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. The main equations have solved through bvp4c approach in dimensionless from. It has found in this work that the stretching factor at the bottom disk increases the axial flow, and the radial flow exhibits a twofold action. Axial and tangential velocities are directly proportional to Reynolds number but inversely proportional to the effects of the magnet whereas radial velocity is a mixed proportion. The rotational factor of tangential flow increases. Thermal profiles increase as Eckert, Reynolds, magnetic and radiation parameters increase. The concentration undergoes a decreasing trend when the homogeneous factors, heterogeneous factors and Schmidt numbers are increased and an increasing trend when Reynolds number is increased. There is great congruence in comparative results and Nusselt and Sherwood number are measured in tables and are used to determine the heat and mass transfer. This study contains useful information on how to optimize reactive thermal systems using rotating geometries and multimodal nanofluids, and can find its applications in energy systems and chemical reactors as well as innovative cooling technologies.

Abstract The ternary hybrid nanofluids are in high demand in the context of engineering systems such as compact heat exchangers, rotating chemical reactors, and high-performance cooling of electronics engineering devices, which are seeking far more advanced thermal management solutions. This research provides an extensive computational model of a ternary hybrid nanofluid flow (molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), graphene oxide (GO) and copper (Cu) in acetic acid–water base) between two turns comprising of concentric cylinders. The model has a unique combination of the influence of chemical reaction, thermal radiation, and the shape fracture of nanoparticles (spherical, cylindrical, platelet) to fill a considerable gap in the literature. The main aim is to create a strong mathematical model of this complicated system, define the heat generated in the system, and determine the effect of shape fracture on the thermal conductivity and fluid dynamics. The resulting governing nonlinear partial differential equations are then reduced to ordinary differential equations and solved through the use of the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) with the validation of the results by the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM)-package, which reveals very good agreement (e.g., velocity profiles within 3% of benchmark studies). The most important quantitative results are that the flow velocity is increased with an increase in the Grashof number by half, and the radiation parameter may drop the temperature of the fluid by 20%. Moreover, nanoparticles in the form of plates produce approximately 8% more entropy than the spheres. These outcome proves that the forces of buoyancy, Brownian motion, and thermo-phoresis severely affect the flow and heat transfer. The findings present the critical information toward the optimisation of the thermal efficiency and design of advanced energy systems, which have a great contribution to the thermal engineering and sustainable energy technology.

This work examines the influence of activation energy, magnetic field (MF), and quadratic thermal radiation (Q-TR) on the stagnation-point flow generated by an off-centered rotating disk (O-CRD) subjected to Soret and Dufour effects (S-DE). Furthermore, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using suitable similarity variables. Additionally, the numerical solutions are obtained for reduced ODEs using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth-fifth order (RKF-45) technique. Furthermore, the response surface methodology (RSM) is utilized to assess the heat transportation rate of the fluid flow. The impact of non-dimensional parameters on the liquid profiles is shown graphically. The results indicate that the MF parameter decreases fluid velocity, whereas an increase in the rotational parameter increases the flow near the disk. An increase in the Soret number enhances the concentration profile. The temperature profile enhances as the radiation parameter intensifies. These results provide a better understanding of complicated transport processes, which help to develop and improve engineering systems that utilize high-temperature rotating machinery, chemical processing, and sophisticated thermal management.