Thermal Imidization Research Articles

Chemically imidized semi-alicyclic polyimides: the effect of catalyst type and imidization temperature

AbstractPolyimides are a group of polymers with excellent thermal and mechanical properties. However, generally, they exhibit brown coloration due to charge transfer interactions between diamine donor and dianhydride acceptor moieties. In this study, semi-alicyclic polyimides derived from cyclohexane tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 4,4′-oxydianiline were prepared using a two-step method, where the imidization step proceeded via a chemical route. The effects of the catalyst type (quinoline, triethylamine, and 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane (DABCO)) and reaction temperature (120, 140, and 160 °C) on the imidization process were evaluated using infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The prepared polyimides' thermal, mechanical, and optical properties were compared with those synthesized via standard thermal imidization. Polyimide films possessing favorable mechanical properties, thermal stability, and good optical transparency were prepared via a simple preparation route based on chemical imidization using the triethylamine catalyst at the reaction temperature of 160 °C, which was shown to be a promising way for the PI preparation on an industrial scale. Graphical abstract

Polyimide/titanium dioxide self-cleaning nano-hybrid films with high photocatalytic properties

Self-cleaning films are considered an emerging paradigm of environmentally functional materials. Enhancing the photocatalytic activities of self-cleaning film is a viable strategy for improving its antifouling characteristics. In this work, a polyimide/titanium dioxide (TiO2) film (PI/TiO2) film was developed by casting a mixture of polyamic acid solution and TiO2 hydrosol with a subsequent thermal imidization. TiO2 with a concentration of 1, 3, and 5 ​wt% was successfully incorporated into the PI matrix and was equally distributed in nanometer size in the PI/TiO2 nano-hybrid films. The addition of TiO2 into the film significantly improved its catalytic performance as indicated by the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and resazurin solution, suggesting a good self-cleaning property for antifouling applications. In addition, the thermal and mechanical stability of the PI film were improved with the addition of TiO2. After eight cycles, the PI-TiO2 films also demonstrated excellent cycling stability. This study introduces a novel self-cleaning film family composed of PI/TiO2 nano-hybrid film and emphasizes the engineering potential of photocatalytic materials in the context of self-cleaning film.

Fabrication of flexible polyimide/rGO composite foams and their derived carbon foams for thermal insulation and EMI shielding applications

In this work, a facile microwave-assisted foaming and thermal imidization treatment method was proposed to fabricate flexible polyimide (PI)/rGO composite foams with anisotropic pore structures. The PI/rGO composite foams (PIF/rGO) were used as the starting derivatives to prepare carbon foams that demonstrated excellent anisotropic thermal insulation and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. The directional growth of pore structures during the foaming period resulted in the formation of aligned ellipsoidal strip-like pore structure in the horizontal direction (i.e., perpendicular to the pore growth direction), which was attributed to the escape of foaming gases such as tetrahydrofuran, methanol and H2O. The homogeneous dispersion of rGO in the PI-derived carbon skeleton endowed corresponding carbon foams with excellent mechanical and thermal stability, high thermal insulation and electrical conductivity (σ) as well as absorption dominated EMI shielding performance. The σ and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of carbon foams showed an increasing trend with increasing rGO content. The σ, EMI SE and specific EMI SE of the carbon foams reached up to 33.0 S/m, 49.0 dB and 8792.8 dB/(g/cm2) in the horizontal direction, respectively. Therefore, this work provided a facile strategy to fabricate lightweight and anisotropic pore structure rGO-containing PIFs and carbonized derivatives, which demonstrated promising applications in high-end industrial fields.

A new dip-coating approach for plasticization-resistant polyimide hollow fiber membranes: In situ thermal imidization and cross-linking of polyamic acid

Polymeric hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) are in high demand for gas separation due to their superior processability and cost-effectiveness, despite exhibiting high vulnerability to plasticization. In this study, we present a new dip-coating technique for fabricating defect-free and plasticization-resistant polyimide HFMs on a cross-linked polyimide/polysilsesquioxane hollow fiber support. This is achieved through an in situ process involving thermal imidization and cross-linking of a polyamic acid (PAA) precursor solution. The use of a thermally stable cross-linked nanoporous hollow fiber support ensures the coating of various glassy PAA solutions prepared by different dianhydrides and diamine monomers without disturbing its internal pore structure. The resulting polyimide hollow fiber membranes enhanced CO2/CH4 separation performance compared to as-synthesized polyimide solution-coated counterpart. It is because in situ thermal imidization and cross-linking of PAA solutions induced the formation of more imine linkages, possibly generating larger free volume elements due to the disturbance of intersegmental chain packing while maintaining sufficient chain rigidity. Additionally, the membrane’s practical applicability was confirmed as the hollow fibers demonstrated resistance to plasticization when subjected to an equimolar CO2/CH4 mixed feed of approximately 50 bar. Our simple but versatile dip-coating approach allows for the formation of highly plasticization-resistant polyimide HFMs.

Molecular dynamics study on the mechanism of poly(amic acid) chemical structure on thermal imidization process and polyimide architecture

In this work, the thermal imidization of 3,3′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride/p-phenylenediamine (BPDA/PDA), pyromellitic dianhydride/4,4′-oxydianiline (PMDA/ODA), 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride/4,4′-oxydianiline (ODPA/ODA), and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride/2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (6FDA/TFMB) polyimides (PIs) were investigated based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. It was found that two kinds of imide bonds were formed, i.e., inter-molecular and intra-molecular imide bonds, which results in differences in the final architecture of the target PI systems. The BPDA/PDA and PMDA/ODA PIs present crosslinking network structure, while the ODPA/ODA PI shows a hybrid structure composed of crosslinking and linear fragments, and the 6FDA/ODA PI displays linear and branched structures. Compared with the previous view of linear PI molecular chains, these results agree well and better account for the thermoset of PMDA/ODA and BPDA/PDA, thermoplasticity of ODPA/ODA, and solubility of 6FDA/TFMB. The mechanism causing the above differences was studied from radial distribution function (RDF), coordination number, fractional free volume (FFV), and density field analysis. By comparing the experimental and simulated values of glass transition temperature and modulus of PI models, the rationality of inter-molecular imide bonds is proved. In addition, through the PAA/DMF compound models, it was found that the increase of solvent content hindered the formation of inter-molecular imide bonds. This study provides new insights into the thermal imidization process and the final architecture of PIs derived from poly(amic acid).

Activated Carbon Nanofibers Derived from Thermally Rearranged Polyimides for Binder‐Free Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors (SCs) based on carbon nanofibers (CNFS) are being paid much attention due to their fast charge–discharge rate, high power density, and excellent cyclic stability. Herein, a kind of preferred hydroxyl‐containing poly(amic acid) solution is first synthesized by using 2,2‐bis(3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane and pyromellitic dianhydride as monomers, and electrospun to prepare nanofiber membranes. Then, thermal imidization, thermally rearranged treatment, and carbonization are employed to successfully fabricate the corresponding hydroxyl‐containing polyimide (HPI)‐CNFs. Next, the activated CNFS are obtained through a simple activation treatment with KOH. After optimizing the concentration of KOH solution, the self‐standing and binder‐free CNF electrode A–HPI–CNFs–1/3 exhibits a maximum specific surface area of 2058 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 1.04 cm3 g−1, leading to a high specific capacitance of 387.7 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and rate capability of 70% at 10 A g−1. In addition, the assembled symmetrical SC device shows outstanding cycle stability performance after 50000 runs of charge–discharge with a specific capacitance retention of 99.93% at 1 A g−1. Finally, the SC demonstrates a specific power of 12.7 Wh kg−1 at a specific energy of 250.0 W kg−1, suggesting potential application prospects in the field of SCs.

Bioinspired polyimide film with fire retardant and gas barrier properties by gravity‐induced deposition of montmorillonite

AbstractFlame retardants play a crucial role in improving the flame retardant properties of polymer materials. In recent years, environmental problems caused by flame retardants have attracted widespread attention. It is urgent to use green and effective methods to prepare flame retardant polymers. Bioinspired nanocomposites with layered structures seem to provide effective ideas, but in general, their hydrophilic raw materials limit their applications in certain fields. Here, we prepared biomimetic composites with a layered “brick‐and‐mortar” structure by gravity‐induced deposition using polyimide as the polymer matrix and montmorillonite (MMT) as the filler. The well‐arranged structures of the composite material could isolate oxygen and prevent combustible gases from escaping. The gas barrier performance has been greatly improved, in which the water vapor transmission rate and the oxygen transmission rate decreased by 99.18% and three orders of magnitude, respectively. The flame retardant performance has also been improved, and its limiting oxygen index can reach 67.9%. The polyimide matrix can be converted to water‐insoluble by thermal imidization of water‐soluble poly (amic acid) salt precursors, which endows the composites with low hygroscopicity. The coating containing MMT can protect against polyurethane (PU) foam from fire. During the conical calorimetric test, the coated sample self‐extinguished, and the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production are significantly decreased by 53.39%, 40.69%, and 53.03%, respectively. Taking advantage of these properties, this work utilizes a facile method to prepare biomimetic composites with low moisture absorption, excellent gas barrier properties, and flame retardancy, which have great application potential.

Autocatalytic one-step high-temperature synthesis of carboxylated polyimides for in-situ high performance applications

Carboxylated polyimides (CxPIs) represent a great potential for gas separation membranes, highly thermostable coatings and fibers, ion-conducting materials, aerogels, (nano)composites, etc. However a prolonged and expensive two-stage method proceeding through the formation of an unstable poly(amic acid) and subsequent thermal or chemical imidization is traditionally used for the synthesis of CxPIs. Herein a new strategy consisting in one-step high-temperature synthesis of CxPIs based on 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA), the carboxyl groups of which provide an autocatalytic effect, in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is presented. The effect of DABA content on the formation and properties of CxPIs is studied. It is established that high-molecular-weight CxPIs (Mw = 158–356 kDa) with five- and more stable six-membered imide rings from various dianhydrides of aromatic tetracarboxylic acids and diamines as comonomers are synthesized within 1–4 h of the reaction even with 25 mol% of DABA content. Additional catalyst-free synthesis of CxPIs in NMP allows to use the solutions obtained in situ for the production of various materials. In particular, CxPI-varnishes form the primary protective coating of the optical fiber superior to the commercial analogue in terms of its manufacturing technology, thermal and hydrolytic stability, which provides more reliable and long-term operation.

DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTICS CEPHALOSPORIN SERIES WITH PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS IN WATER SOLUTIONS

The aim of the work was to create a piezoelectric sensor modified with a polymer with molecular imprints of cefuroxime for its subsequent determination in aqueous solutions. For the synthesis of MIP, we used a mixture containing a copolymer of 1,2,4,5-benzenetracarboxylic acid and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl oxide produced by OJSC IIPP SPA Plastic (Moscow), as well as a solution containing template molecules.
 The resulting mixture was applied to the surface of the sensor electrode by stamping. After that, thermal imidization was carried out in an oven. Next, the sensors were cooled and placed in distilled water to remove the template.
 The resulting sensor was used to determine the content of the antibiotic cefuroxime in aqueous solutions using a calibration curve. For this, standard solutions of cefuroxime were prepared with concentrations of 1.0101 1.0107 g/dm3. The measurements made allowed us to conclude that with an increase in the antibiotic concentration in the analyzed solution, a decrease in the resonant frequency occurs. The calibration dependence is linear. The limit of detection of cefuroxime for the obtained sensor is 1.0105 g/dm3. To test the selectivity of the obtained sensor based on a polymer with molecular imprints, an analysis of an antibiotic similar in structure, cefazolin, was carried out. It has been established that the sensory system is selective only for the antibiotic that was used for the synthesis of MIP.

Analysis of the kinetics of soluble polyimide formation by the thermal imidization of polyamic acids in amide solvents with allowance for the side reaction of anhydride group hydrolysis

Analysis of the kinetics of soluble polyimide formation by the thermal imidization of polyamic acids in amide solvents with allowance for the side reaction of anhydride group hydrolysis

Shape memory effect in polyimide-based composites with multiple driving methods

Shape memory polymers and composites have potential in many application fields as a kind of smart materials with excellent shape memory properties. Herein, two shape memory polyimides (SMPIs) were prepared via thermal imidization process. Furthermore, shape memory composites (SMPCs) were obtained via solution impregnation and compression molding methods using SMPI as the polymer matrix and carbon plain weave fabric as the reinforcement. These polyimides and composites possessed superior shape memory behavior (shape memory recovery ratio, Rr, of SMPI 1 and HO-SMPC-40%: 99.1% and 90.6%). Remarkably, both of these samples maintained stable cyclic and bending shape memory performances. In addition, the composites were endowed with electrical-induced shape memory characteristics owing to their great conductivity. The SMPCs work effectively as deformable lightweight devices, which they could produce shape memory effect in different degrees reflecting to different applied power levels (Rr of HO-SMPC-40% under the power of 10 W and 20 W: 33% and 72%, respectively). These smart SMPIs and SMPCs exhibit flexible deformation properties that extend the potential use of polyimides and their composites to applications such as lightweight deformable sensors for the exploration industry.

Preparation of superhydrophilic polyimide fibrous membranes by electrostatic spinning fabrication for the efficient separation of oil-in-water emulsions

Membrane separation is considered an effective technology for treating oily wastewater. Hydrophilic, underwater oleophobic water removal membranes prepared by electrostatic spinning have received significant attention due to their excellent antifouling properties, small pore blockage, and high permeation flux. Herein, a simple and effective method was proposed for fabricating fabrics with superhydrophilic and submerged superoleophobic properties. First, the materials were co-blended with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate by electrostatic spinning, and then the porous fiber membrane was obtained by a step-up temperature for thermal imidization. The obtained membranes showed superhydrophilic and underwater oleophobic properties and could separate oil–water emulsions with or without surfactant stabilization while also exhibiting certain retention of methylene blue dye. The separation efficiency was driven by gravity alone, and the oil–water separation efficiency was always above 98.5% for 10 separation cycles, with a separation flux of up to 700 L·m−2·h−1. The modified membranes were tested and evaluated for various oil–water emulsions, and the separation efficiency was found to be consistently above 98.5%. In addition, the membranes showed satisfactory mechanical strength, high-temperature resistance, and excellent contamination resistance, suggesting that these membranes could serve as promising candidates for the treatment of industrial oil-in-water emulsions.

High Out-of-Plane Thermally Conductive Polyimide Film for Electronic Thermal Management by the Incorporation of Core–Shell Ag/Polyimide Microparticles

Polyimide (PI) films with high out-of-plane thermal conductivity are highly desirable for effectively alleviating thermal failure in advanced flexible electronics. However, it is still a great challenge to achieve high out-of-plane thermal conductivity with a low filler content by a simple method. Herein, an Ag-coated PI microsphere (PIM@Ag) as a thermally conductive filler with a considerable heat-transfer path in the out-of-plane direction is prepared to improve the out-of-plane thermal conductivity of the PI film. Because of the introduction of thermal welding between Ag nanoparticles during thermal imidization further eliminating the interface thermal resistance, the resultant PI/PIM@Ag composite film exhibits a high out-of-plane thermal conductivity of 1.2 Wm–1K–1 with an ultralow Ag content of 6.08 wt % and a superior tensile strength of 124.0 MPa compared to 78.9 MPa of a pure PI film. Practical application and comsol simulation results verify that the PI/PIM@Ag composite film has excellent heat dissipation ability for a chip. This work provides an idea for improving the out-of-plane thermal conductivity of polymers with low filler contents.

MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) incorporated polyimide nanohybrid composite films

In this study, polyimide (PI)/MXene hybrid composite films as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials were fabricated using MXene (Ti3C2Tx) as a filler. The PI/MXene nanohybrid composite films were fabricated by casting an aqueous solution containing water-soluble poly (amic acid) ammonium salt (PAS) and MXene colloid, followed by thermal imidization. PI/MXene hybrid composite films with different contents (1.36 wt. % ∼ 20 wt. %) were prepared. The PI/MXene hybrid composite films showed high EMI shielding effectiveness up to 159 dB/mm as well as low moisture contents, controlled dielectric constants, improved thermal stability, and low coefficients of thermal expansion.

Temperature-Invariant Large Broadband Polyimide Dielectrics with Multimodal Porous Networks

Herein, we describe sponge-like polymeric materials with multimodal porous networks with stable ultralow dielectric properties over broad frequency and temperature ranges. A hierarchically porous polyimide (PI) film was prepared via nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS), followed by stepwise thermal imidization. Through the swelling and the subsequent liquid–liquid phase separation, highly insulating interconnected pores of the internal layer and the water-vapor impermeable, closed-cell skin of the outer layer were directly formed on the PI film. The grafting of porous PI onto amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (AMS) to further adjust the overall thermal stability and dielectric constant has become a valid strategy. The porous PI-grafted-AMS (PPI-g-AMS) exhibited uniform micropores, which were regularly shaped with an average diameter of 16.3 ± 0.6 μm. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of PPI-g-AMS increased considerably from 367 °C to as high as 398 °C because of the formation of interchain cross-linking bridges in the AMS. Outstanding dielectric constant (Dk) and dissipation factor (Df) of 1.84 and 0.0018 at a frequency of 1 MHz, respectively, were achieved for PPI-g-AMS-1 with the addition of AMS with 1% wt. Moreover, stable and ultralow Dk (∼1.84 at 1 MHz) and Df (∼0.001 at 1 MHz) values were achieved over a broad temperature range from −20 to 200 °C. These findings indicate the broad application potential of polymeric materials as interlevel insulation materials in the next-generation 5G/6G infrastructure.

Activated carbon nanofibers derived from polyimides containing aryl imidazole and hydroxyl groups for high-performance supercapacitors

In this work, the carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are first prepared by electrospinning the poly(amic acid) (PAA) solution containing aryl imidazole and hydroxyl groups, followed by thermal imidization, rearrangement and carbonization. Then, the CNFs are further treated with KOH to obtain activated CNFs. The effects of the PAA concentration, rearrangement time, carbonation temperature and mass ratio of CNFs/KOH on the electrochemical properties are investigated. The results show that the sample HPI-CNF-20-2-800 displays the best electrochemical performance. After activation, the A-HPI–CNF–1/3 exhibits a maximum specific surface area of 1762 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 0.92 cm3 g−1, leading to a high specific capacitance of 325.0 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. Moreover, the specific capacitance can reach 234.6 F g−1 when the current density is 20 A g−1. Furthermore, the symmetric supercapacitor fabricated by A-HPI–CNF–1/3 shows a maximum energy density of 29.17 Wh kg−1, coupled with a power density of 500.0 W kg−1. The capacitance retention rate of the supercapacitor maintains about 99.95% after 20,000 charge-discharge cycles at 1 A g−1. Therefore, this work provides a novel rearrangeable precursor for the preparation of activated CNFs with a considerable electrochemical performance, which will be considered as excellent electrode materials for supercapacitors.

All organic polyimide‐based composite films with high intrinsic polarization for superior energy density and low dielectric loss

AbstractA simple and low‐cost approach was proposed to fabricate poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polyimide‐poly(amidic acid) (PI‐PAA) all‐organic hybrid films with excellent dielectric performance by solution casting and thermal imidization process. The results showed that the introduction of PVDF and PAA molecular chains into PI matrix significantly enhanced the dielectric permittivity and energy density of PI‐based composites. The permittivity and energy density of 15 wt% PI‐PAA/PVDF composites were 4.83 at 103 Hz and 5.55 J cm−3, which were 52% and 107% higher than that of PI (3.18 at 103 Hz, 2.68 J cm−3). In addition, the dielectric loss of 15 wt% PI‐PAA/PVDF composites was still maintained at a low level (0.009 at 103 Hz). The molecular dynamics results showed that the polarization strength of composites mainly originated from the intrinsic polarization strength. The intrinsic polarization strength of PI‐PAA/PVDF in the composites was 1010 times higher than interfacial polarization strength, and interfacial polarization was negligible. There was no significant difference between the self‐diffusion coefficients of 15 wt% PI‐PAA/PVDF and PI‐PAA, indicating that the relaxation polarization of polymer molecular chains was suppressed. This work provides an effective way for the preparation of dielectric for all organic high voltage direct current system.

Preparation of Optically Active Polyimides Based on 2,2´-diamino-1,1´-binaphthalene

Linear polyimides based on both of the 2,2´-diamino-1,1´-binaphthalene enantiomers and their racemic mixture were synthesized and characterized. A two-step synthetic route, consisting of the preparation of the polyimide precursor followed by its thermal imidization at temperatures not exceeding 200°C, was employed. The products were analyzed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. All of the tested materials were nearly fully imidized after 25 h. The final polyimides possess high glass transition temperatures, are thermo-oxidatively stable and are soluble in common organic solvents as 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform; additionally, those prepared from the enantiomers show optical activity. The values of specific optical rotations for the polymers were higher than those for the corresponding monomers. However, the directions of their optical rotations were identical. Due to their rather low molar masses, the final polyimides form brittle self-standing films. Thin layers of these products on porous polyimide substrates were made under forming composite membranes.

Robust and superelastic spider web-like polyimide fiber-based conductive composite aerogel for extreme temperature-tolerant linear pressure sensor

Pressure sensors represent the cornerstone of artificial tactile sensing. Extensive research has been conducted on high-performance pressure sensors; however, the realization of high sensitivity, wide linear response range, and wide working temperature range remains a tremendous challenge. Here, triethylamine was innovatively applied to achieve the homogeneous dispersion of hydrophobic polyimide fibres (PIFs) in a carbon nanotube (CNT) aqueous dispersion without deteriorating the structure of the fibres, and a robust and superelastic spider web-like PIF/CNT conductive composite aerogel was developed using the freeze-drying and thermal imidization technique for a pressure sensor with a wide linear sensing range (0.01–53.34 kPa), ultralow detection limit (10 Pa), high sensitivity (0.507 kPa−1), fast response/recovery time (85/80 ms), stable fast compression response (500 mm min−1), and excellent cyclic fatigue resistance (5000 times). Finite element analysis indicates that the hierarchical fibrous network induces a significant linear variation in the contact area between adjacent conductive fibres upon external pressure and contributes to the excellent linear sensing capacity. The pressure sensor is demonstrated to be applicable in human physiology and motion signal detection, electronic skin, and intelligence control. Notably, it also exhibits amazing sensing stability and thermal insulation under extreme temperature conditions, demonstrating much promise for emerging applications such as the sensing unit for space suits and inflatable structures for future lunar/Mars habitats. This work provides a simple but powerful strategy for developing next-generation linear pressure sensors.

Polyimide/Carboxylated Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Aerogel Fibers for Fabric Sensors: Implications for Information Acquisition and Joule Heating in Harsh Environments

Polymeric hybrid sensors have garnered great interest in health monitoring, human–computer interaction, and soft robotics for their lightweight, flexibility, and feasible fabrication process. However, polymeric hybrid sensors suitable for harsh environments remain a considerable challenge, limiting further application. Herein, polyimide (PI)/carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (c-MWCNT) hybrid aerogel fibers with a micro-porous structure were fabricated via wet-spinning and chemical thermal imidization. The fabricated PI/c-MWCNT hybrid aerogel fibers’ conductivity and the change of current in response to the bending degree were tested, in which the relative current change achieved 4.78% with a bending degree of 150°. The fibers possessed a density of 0.41 ± 0.06 g/cm3, a conductivity of 17.8 ± 2.9 μS/m, and a tensile strength of 13.0 ± 1.1 MPa. In addition, they exhibited excellent heat/cold durability, whose decomposition temperature, cold resistance, and service life were 367 °C, −196 °C, and 300 cycles, respectively. Furthermore, the fabric sensor woven with PI/c-MWCNT hybrid aerogel fibers demonstrated two sensitivity stages of stage 1 (S1) = 6.04 and stage 2 (S2) = 0.55 under various pressures. Besides, it could be heated to 62 °C at a voltage of 30 V in 90 s with a changing resistance. The above properties demonstrate that the as-prepared fabric sensor exhibited great application potential for information acquisition and joule heating in harsh environments.