Thermal Constancy Research Articles

Mechanical (static and dynamic) characterization and thermal stability of hybrid green composites for engineering applications

The development of sustainability in industry has made it imperative to utilize waste and accessible natural resources properly. Our goal is to transform the naturally occurring resources, tamarind seed powder (TSP), eelgrass (EG), and adamant creeper (AC), into goods that are beneficial to society. In this study, different weight proportions of alkali-treated AC, EG, and TSP were combined to make hybrid natural fiber (NF) composite materials using the hand layup process. The material strength of the alkali treated (15% AC, 20% EG, and 15% TSP) composite sample was attained 211 MPa, 278 MPa, 21.7 J/m2, and 84.6 for tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness in that sequence. The storage modulus, loss modulus, and mechanical loss factor were measured and plotted against temperature in a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) experiment. All composites had higher storage and loss moduli and a lower mechanical loss factor, indicating more elastic properties. The findings demonstrated that adding fiber-filled TSP fillers tended to make the epoxy matrix more viscoelastic stiffness. As the weight percentage of fibers in the composite increases, discernible changes in the structural damping capacity have also been noticed. The thermal characteristics of composites were inspected by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the TGA outcomes substantiated that the thermal constancy of a 20% EG-reinforced composite was good. The mechanical, dynamic, and thermal qualities of this composite material will yield significant benefits for the industrial sector.

Exploration of the intermolecular isoproturon–bovine serum albumin combination: Biophysical and computational prospects

Isoproturon (IPU), a selective systemic herbicide that is frequently applied to eradicate large-leaved weeds and annual grasses in agricultural fields. However, the accumulation of IPU residues during food production might negatively affect on human and animal health. To comprehend the impact of IPU on the mankind and environment, the interaction analysis of IPU with plasma protein is crucial. This work used a variety of techniques, including fluorescence, UV–vis absorption, computational docking and dynamics simulation to extensively examine the combination of IPU with bovine serum albumin (BSA) under typical physiological settings. IPU quenched the BSA fluorescence and form the IPU–BSA complex through a static process. A weak binding affinity was anticipated (binding constant = 4.68–2.48 × 103 M−1) for IPU–BSA interaction. Thermodynamic results revealed that the IPU–BSA binding reaction was a spontaneous process, predominantly governed by hydrogen bonds, van der Waals and hydrophobic forces, which was well supported by molecular docking analysis. Synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence spectral results exhibited microenvironmental fluctuations near the protein’s Trp and Tyr residues with added IPU, but inclusion of IPU to BSA was observed to enhance the protein’s thermal constancy. Site marker displacement results demonstrated that IPU desirably binds to BSA at site II. An in silico findings also unveiled the primary binding arrangement of IPU was placed at site II of BSA and surrounded by hydrophobic and polar residues. Molecular dynamics simulation results suggested the IPU–BSA complex persisted compact and stable.

Sol-gel synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and investigations on ion exchange performance of atypical conducting polymer integrated composite cation exchangers

ABSTRACT Herein, an effective sol-gel strategy was utilized for the synthesis of atypical Polypyrrole/EDTA-Zirconium(IV) phosphate (PYZP) and Polypyrrole/EDTA-Zirconium(IV) iodate (PYZI) composite cation exchangers. The structural aspects, surface morphology, elemental composition and thermal constancy of the aforementioned composite cation exchangers were scrutinized through UV-Visible, FT-IR, XRD, SEM with EDAX, TEM and TGA studies. As-prepared conducting polymeric composite materials divulged not only excellent ion exchange capacity but also better thermal stability, electrical conductivity and notable selectivity toward Pb(II) ions as compared to their individual inorganic moieties. The improvement in ion exchange capacities (IEC) for distinct alkali metal ions of PYZP composite cation exchanger were Li+, 2.89; Na+, 3.15; K+, 3.34 meq/g and PYZI composite cation exchanger were Li+, 2.60; Na+, 2.86; K+, 3.21 meq/g, separately. It was concluded that PYZP composite acts as an excellent cation exchanger compared to PYZI composite due to the presence of ionogenic phosphate anions. The partition competency of the composite materials toward distinct metal ions in diverse solvent systems exposed the separation potentials of metal ions of systematic prominence from a specified binary combinations encompassing Cd(II) – Pb(II), Hg(II) – Pb(II), Cu(II) – Pb(II), Zn(II) – Pb(II), Ni(II) – Pb(II) and Fe(III) – Pb(II) metal ions. Subsequently, the conducting competency was examined through AC-Impedance spectroscopy.

Investigation on the growth, characterization and computational analysis of 2-Amino-2-thiazoline single crystals

By adapting the slow evaporation techniquethe titled compound 2-Amino-2-thiazoline (AMTZ) has been synthesized. The structural parameters of the crystal was studied by using single crystal X-ray diffraction method.Without the deposition of secondary phases, crystallite nature of the sample has been confirmed by analyzing powder X-ray diffraction method. From UV–visible spectrum study, the cut off wavelength was perceived at 285 nm & its optical constants has been calculated.Up to 128 °C, the thermal constancy of the sample was maintained & it reveals the durability of the crystal. The scanning electron microscope investigation has been carried out to decisive the surface morphology of the synthesized crystal. The mechanical roughness of the crystal has been characterized by Vickers's micro hardness test. It has been reported, that the variations in dielectric constant and loss for frequencies and temperature were observed for AMTZ crystals. By adapting Kurtz Perry Powder technique the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency was confirmed. By utilizing09W program package, B3LYP/6–311++G(d, p) method was adopted &the optimization of the structure was carried outto calculate the donor accepter interaction energy.The Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) was used to compute the electronic level of transition.

Effect of nanodiamond particles on the structure, mechanical, and thermal properties of polymer embedded ND/PMMA composites

Abstract Nanodiamonds (NDs), the allotropic carbon nanomaterials with nanosize, durable inert core, adjustable surface morphology, high thermal constancy, and super mechanical performances, possess the characteristics of promising reinforcement materials for various technological applications. However, ND particles hold a vigorous propensity to aggregate in liquid media, obstructing their implementation in mechanical and thermal sciences. This aggregation is caused by high surface to volume ratio. By reducing the surface energy and lowering cluster formation, the mechanical and thermal properties of NDs can be polished. Herein, we report on the covalent functionalization of NDs with amine moiety through ball milling method. Their dispersion was checked in ethanol and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA polymer) against nonfunctionalized NDs. The dispersive behavior showed that ball mill functionalized NDs produced preferably stable aqueous dispersions in ethanol media. Furthermore, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 wt% ND/PMMA composites were synthesized, and their mechanical and thermal behaviors were studied in terms of hardness, compression, Young`s modulus, flexural strength, tensile strength, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results revealed that the composites containing 0.2 wt% functionalized ND loaded with PMMA matrix showed outstanding mechanical and thermal performances indicating that 0.2 wt% is the optimum amount for achieving excellent outcomes.

Development of β-cyclodextrin/chitosan-co-poly (2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid) cross-linked hybrid IPN-nanogels to enhance the solubility of rosuvastatin: An in vitro and in vivo attributes

Recent study designed to fabricate and analyse interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) nanogels using combination of hydrophilic polymers beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and chitosan (CS) for enhancing the solubility of rosuvastatin (RST). Grafting was effectively conducted by freeradical polymerization method. Spongy nano matrices were evaluated by percentage drug entrapment, zeta sizer, solubility studies, sol-gel analysis, FTIR, powder X-ray diffraction, TGA, DSC, XRD, SEM, swelling studies, and in vitro studies. Acute oral toxicity evaluation were carried out to analyse the safety of oral administration of prepared β-CD/CS-co- poly(AMPS) IPN nanogels. Porous and spongy network were confirmed by SEM images. Complex development and thermal constancy of components were analyzed by FTIR, TGA, and DSC spectra. XRD analysis discovered decrease in Rosuvastatin crystallinity in spongy matrices. Particle size of optimized preparation was calculated in the range of 182 ± 3.48 nm. The significant modification with reference product approved that drug solubility and release parameters were evidently improved by the fabricated nanogels. Toxicity evaluation validated that prepared nanogels were non-toxic and well-suited to biological system. In vivo experiments on developed nanogels in hyperlipidemic induced animals were examined to observe the antihyperlipidic efficiency. Efficient method of fabrication, excellent physicochemical properties, improved dissolution, high solubilization, and nontoxic nanogels might be a capable methodology for the oral administration of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Spectroscopic investigations of Dy3+‐doped tungstate–tellurite glasses for solid‐state lighting applications

AbstractA series of Dy3+‐activated lithium–tungstate–tellurite (LTT) glasses have been synthesized employing a conventional melt quenching procedure. The structural and luminescent features of LTT glasses were examined in detail to reveal their feasibility in solid‐state lighting (SSL) applications. Various physical parameters such as density, molar volume, and other parameters were evaluated. A broad hump showed in the X‐ray diffraction profile affirms the non‐crystalline or amorphous behavior of the as‐prepared LTT glasses. The absorption spectrum exhibits several bands between the 400 and 1800 nm range, which confirms that the transitions initiate from the lowest energy state (6H15/2) to numerous excited states. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra reveal three significant peaks centered at 481 (blue), 575 (yellow), and 664 nm (red) related to Dy3+ ions under 388 nm excitation. The chromaticity coordinates of LTT glasses were situated in the white light region and nearest to the standard white light (0.33, 0.33). The decay profile shows the biexponential behavior of the prepared LTT (x = 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 mol%) glasses. Temperature‐dependent PL spectra show appreciable thermal constancy of the prepared LTT glasses having a high value of activation energy. The previous results indicate that Dy3+‐doped tungstate–tellurite glasses are potential luminescent materials to utilize in SSL applications, especially for white light‐emitting diodes.

Use ofPennisetum glaucumstem powder waste as reinforcement in epoxy composites

AbstractThe physicochemical, thermal, and tensile characteristics ofPennisetum glaucumstem powder (PGSP) are described in this article. According to chemical analysis, PGSP contains a larger percentage of cellulose (58.43 wt%) and lower percentages of hemicelluloses (12.86 wt%) and lignin (14.34 wt%). PGSP has a crystallinity index of 56.8%, with a crystallite size of 22.37 nm. A scanning electron microscopy and an atomic force microscopy were used to analyze the external morphology of PGSP. The thermogravimetric analysis of the PGSP exhibited a thermal constancy of 230°C and kinetic activation energy of 88.3 kJ/mol, indicating that it might be used as a filler material in thermoplastic resins with processing temperatures up to 230°C. Mechanical testing of PGSP‐reinforced epoxy composites signified that 9 wt% reinforcement is optimal to achieve improved properties. All the above findings of this investigation proved that PGSP can be used as a suitable primary and a secondary filler in polymer matrixes and it can also be used to make fused deposition modeling filaments for 3D printing.

Structure and emission properties of P2O5–Na2O–Pb3O4-MO, (MO = SrO, Y2O3, MoO3, Ag2O, CdO and SnO) glass and glass ceramics

A group of glass and glass ceramic solids with compositions of 70%P2O5–20%Na2O–9%Pb3O4–1%MO, where MO refers to SrO, Y2O3, MoO3, Ag2O, CdO and SnO were prepared by rapid quenching from molten state. The random environment of all obtained samples was verified by X-ray diffraction. Several phosphate groups and bands in addition to the presence of P–O-M and M-O-M linkages are evidenced by IR spectroscopy. The density and molar volume values of the studied samples were found to depend on the relative constituent dopant molecules and the experimental values are found to exhibit approximately the same behavior as the theoretically obtained values. The characteristic temperatures are also studied by the DTA analysis, where the thermal constancy of the samples is showed to grow up with moving rightward in the periodic table from Sr to Sn ion. All the samples are found to be of the diamagnetic type, with a major magnetic effect played by the Na+ ions. The studied samples are found to emit light with different colors when excited by a light with 365 nm wavelength. The obtained CCT, CRI and LER values nominates the present glasses to be involved in manufacturing solid state light sources for high cool light applications.

Synthesis of Cr/Mn and S - doped with CuO nanoparticles and systematic investigations of structural, optical and photocatalytic properties

CuO:S/CuCr2O4 and CuO:S/CuMn2O4 nanocomposites were synthesized by chemical deposition, and they were characterized by FTIR, FESEM, EDX, XRD, TEM, UV–Vis DRS, zeta potential and TG-DTA. Analysis of FESEM, TEM, and EDS data revealed that nanocomposites have a sheet structure and that elements are homogeneously distributed all over it. The Cr and Mn elements doped in CuO:S/CuCr2O4 and CuO:S/CuMn2O4 nanocomposites form the CuCr2O4 and CuMn2O4 spinel structures, respectively. Thermal analysis shows that the compounds have high thermal constancy. The photocatalytic study of the compounds is successful in cationic (methylene blue) and anionic (methyl orange) degradation of colored pollutants in the presence of H2O2 and under sunlight. Therefore, the amount of contaminants before the reaction is compared with that after the study of photocatalysts and the contaminants’ concentration after the photocatalytic reaction, which shows the considerable degradation power of the photocatalysts.

Synthesis and Physicochemical Characteristics of Chitosan Extracted from Pinna deltoides

Chitosan, a naturally produced polysaccharide that has a wide range of uses in biological, pharmacological, industrial, and commercial settings. The pen shell Pinna deltoides is a common species found along the coast of Thondi, and it is often collected as by-catch by fishermen. These species contain a high amount of chitin, which may be converted into chitosan. The goal of this research is to extract chitosan from P. deltoides and characterize it utilizing techniques like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Micro Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Powder Diffractometry (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The existence of C-O-C glycosidic connection (1156 cm-1), NHCO group (1216 cm-1), aliphatic compound, -CH2 bend (1418 cm-1), and asymmetric CH2 stretching were verified by FTIR analysis (1204 cm-1). Chitosan extract exhibited a greater degree of deacetylation of 55.17%, which is consistent with prior studies. The highest peaks in the Micro Raman Spectra were 2937 cm-1, 1106 cm-1, and 1376 cm-1. The crystallinity of the chitosan at 2θ was anticipated using X-ray Powder Diffractometry (XRD) data at about 20°-25°. SEM micrograms verified the crystalline nature of the chitosan by revealing its soft and crystal-like arrangement of the chitosan. TGA was used to assess the sample's thermal constancy, and the chitosan's stability was found to be consistent with that of prior research.

Thermal performance and optimization of a casing pipe solar energy storage floor with phase change material

For PCM utilization in building component, energy storage structure is expected to improve the ability to extract heat from heat source and dissipate heat to the room at the same time. This paper presents a ring-shaped energy storage structure with combination of an outer casing pipe and an inner coil pipe in heating terminal. To better understand thermal performance and integration strategy of the terminal, effects of thermal parameters of PCM and structural parameters of casing pipe are analysed by numerical model. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) are 0.3% and 2.1% with experiments conducted to validate numerical model. Compared with conventional PCM and traditional heating terminal, casing tube PCM heating terminal have highest stability coefficient index at 0.983, which shows its thermal constancy and comfort level. Results show both thermal conductivity and heat of fusion of PCM have lifting limit at 0.2 W/m2·K and 350 J/g for enhancing the heating terminal thermal performance. PCM melting temperature have matching point at 293 K for high concrete layer surface average temperature and low temperature amplitude. Changing the ratio of casing and coil pipe diameter from 1.5 to 2 could reduce 12.3 K temperature fluctuation on floor surface. The above research provides a heating terminal which can simultaneously enhance heat absorption from heat source and emission to indoor room, while a basic reference for the terminal design and selection is investigated.

Faunal diversity of an insular crepuscular cave of Goa, India

This study is the first attempt to document troglofaunal diversity of crepuscular cave ecosystem from the state of Goa. Twelve faunal species (seven invertebrates and five vertebrates) have been documented from an insular crepuscular cave which measures 18.62m in floor length and shows a transition of light and hygrothermal profile between its entrance and dead end. Absence of primary producers, thermal constancy, high humidity, poor ventilation, and competitive exclusion due to limited food resources restricts the faunal diversity of this cave; though trophic linkages are interesting yet speculative, as is typical of subterranean ecosystem. Among the macro-invertebrates, cavernicolous Whip Spider is a significant species here; whereas the important vertebrates encountered are the Fungoid frog and the Indian Cricket frog, besides roosts of the Rufous Horseshoe bat. Eco-energetic subsidy, possibly offered by crickets and bats that regularly feed outside this oligotrophic cave ecosystem is discussed. The need to document the unique and vulnerable troglofauna of this sensitive ecosystem from the conservation perspective is highlighted.

Coping with the cold and fighting the heat: thermal homeostasis of a superorganism, the honeybee colony

The worldwide distribution of honeybees and their fast propagation to new areas rests on their ability to keep up optimal ‘tropical conditions’ in their brood nest both in the cold and in the heat. Honeybee colonies behave like ‘superorganisms’ where individuals work together to promote reproduction of the colony. Social cooperation has developed strongly in thermal homeostasis, which guarantees a fast and constant development of the brood. We here report on the cooperation of individuals in reaction to environmental variation to achieve thermal constancy of 34–36 °C. The measurement of body temperature together with bee density and in-hive microclimate showed that behaviours for hive heating or cooling are strongly interlaced and differ in their start values. When environmental temperature changes, heat production is adjusted both by regulation of bee density due to migration activity and by the degree of endothermy. Overheating of the brood is prevented by cooling with water droplets and increased fanning, which start already at moderate temperatures where heat production and bee density are still at an increased level. This interlaced change and onset of different thermoregulatory behaviours guarantees a graded adaptation of individual behaviour to stabilise the temperature of the brood.

Chemical growth dynamics of 4-Methyl-4′-Hydroxy Benzylidene Aniline NLO single crystal structure and spectroscopic applications

An aromatic Schiff bases organic nonlinear optical single crystal of 4-methyl-4′-hydroxy benzylidene aniline (MHBA) was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique and the solubility of MHBA in ethanol at increasing temperature was esteemed. The unit cell proportions were gained by both single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The structural refinement of MHBA shows that it crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with space group Pbcn. The molecule chiefly consists of two non – planar benzene rings attached by carbon and nitrogen atoms. The various planes of reflection were identified from the powder X-ray diffraction study and the unit cell proportions were same for single crystal XRD. Functional assemblies were entrenched by using Fourier transform infrared and FT Raman analysis by the molecular vibrations in the MHBA crystal. The assignment of protons and carbons in the grown MHBA crystals were recognized from 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy analyses. The UV- visible and fluorescence spectral evaluate were carried out and to find the optical transmission and emission range of MHBA. The second harmonic generation productivity of MHBA is about 1.04 times than that of a standard sample of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate. The thermal constancy of the grown crystal was investigated by differential scanning calorimetric, thermo gravimetric and a differential thermal analysis which confirms the decomposition of the sample occurs at 120 °C. Mechanical stuff, the hardness number, yield strength and Young's modulus of the grown material were studied using Vickers micro hardness tester and the work hardening coefficient reveals that MHBA belongs to the family of soft materials. The dielectric measurements with frequency and temperatures were used to find the power dissipation of the grown MHBA crystals.

Mesoporous silica Nanomaterial: An over view

The substances Mesoporous hold a very usual structure of the porous including regular pore size, enormous surface region and higher thermal constancy, making them appropriate for a diversity of appliances, mostly inside the catalysis and separation regions. Recent research on a series of surface-functional, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) materials is presented as an efficient catalyst for plastics and polythene degradation. The cracking of catalytic of higher solidity polyethylene is proved above, all-catalysts for silica MCM 41. With the degree of crystallinity of catalysts the cracking activity increases. Polythene degradation to aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen was investigated using catalysts such as silica- alumina, mesoporous silica etc. A study disclosed that the silica of mesoporous (KFS-16) that is without any sites of acid, accelerates the rate of degradation in liquid hydrocarbons of the polymers of plastic. The mesopores surrounded with the sheet of silica act as a radical flask. The radical species long remain active and accelerate plastics degradation. Although there are many catalysts, the high cost of the plastic polymers declination into the hydrocarbons of liquid by mesoporous silica is utilized.

Investigation on the electrochemical properties of hydrothermally synthesized pure and Nickel doped Zinc Sulfide microspheres for supercapacitor electrode applications

Transition metal chalcogenides have garnered wide attention of the researchers in energy storage and conversion domains owing to their superior electronic conductivity, mechanical and thermal constancy. Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) has been identified as one of the most important II–VI semiconductor, with a band gap of 3.5–3.8 eV. Excellent ion accessibility and charge storage ability of nanosized ZnS makes this a prospective material in the field of energy storage. Besides ZnS nanoparticle possess advantages such as good electric conductivity, low diffusion resistance, fast electron transportation, non-toxic nature etc. It is a lightweight and cost effective material compared to other metal sulfides. Reports are available on supercapacitor electrodes based on different types of ZnS nanocomposites. However, investigation on the variation of this material’s energy storage efficiency with metal doping and increased particle size are comparatively less. ZnS particles with microsphere morphology show enhanced reversibility due to less self-aggregation and volume expansion. In this work we report the synthesis and electrochemical studies of pure & nickel (Ni) doped ZnS microspheres. The synthesis of pure and Ni doped ZnS microspheres were carried out by hydrothermal method. The crystal structure, phase composition, and microstructure of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) respectively. The electrochemical behavior of pure ZnS and Ni doped ZnS microspheres were examined by means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Galvanostatic charge–discharge. At 5A g−1 current density, Ni doped ZnS microspheres exhibited an enhanced specific capacitance of 104.2 F g−1 where pure ZnS microspheres showed 67.75F g−1.

Fabrication of high thermal conductive epoxy composite by adding hybrid of expanded graphite, iron (III) oxide, and silver flakes

Thermally conductive epoxy adhesive composites have been fabricated by adding a tri-filler mixture of expanded graphite (EG), iron (III) oxide (Fe3O4), and silver (Ag) flakes with increasing concentration from 20 to 50 weight percent. The epoxy composite containing mixed filler of EG/Fe/Ag at 50 wt% has demonstrated diminutive higher thermal conductivity (TC) (4.85 W/mK) when compared to composite filled with EG/Fe hybrid (4.82 W/mK) at equivalent filler % which was about 25 fold improvement than epoxy unaided. The crystallography of the graphite flakes (GF), EG, neat epoxy, EG/Fe/Ag-epoxy, and EG/Fe-epoxy adhesive composites has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The morphology of filler (EG and EG/Fe/Ag) and fractured surface analysis of corresponding epoxy composite has been carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The bonding strength through lap shear test of epoxy adhesives with the addition of 50 wt% of EG/Fe/Ag mixed and EG/Fe hybrid fillers has been displayed a decreased value as compared to neat epoxy. At the primary phase analysis of thermal dilapidation, the thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) concluded a negative effect on the thermal constancy of epoxy composites at higher assimilation (> 35 wt%) of EG, Fe3O4, and Ag mixed fillers. The damping factor (tan δ) (0.44 and 0.43) and glass transition temperature of composite demonstrated lower value (70 and 64 °C) when 50 wt% of EG/Fe and EG/Fe/Ag were added.

Thermal and nonlinear optical properties of semiorganic single crystal: L-Threonine p-nitrophenolate (LTPNP)

The single crystal of L-Threonine 4-nitrophenolate developed by uncomplicated solution growth process. The grown crystal is analysed by using various characterization techniques. The structural analyses have been carried out by using Powder XRD method. Fourier Transform Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra analysis confirms the functional groups exist in grown crystal. The thermal steadiness of L-Threonine 4-nitrophenolate crystals analysed by Thermo-gravimetric (TG) and Differential Thermal analyses (DTA). The sharp diffraction peaks in XRD pattern confirms the well crystalline nature of the synthesized sample. TG and DTA analysis prove that the synthesized sample possess good thermal constancy up to150°C. The UV-visible absorption studies show that the crystal is clearly visible in the whole visible region of the spectrum. Kurtz -Perry powder technique and Z-scan technique reveals the excellence of the synthesized samples for non linear optical (NLO) uses.

The effect of the geikeilite (MgTiO3) nanofiller concentration in PVdF-HFP/PVAc–based polymer blend electrolytes for magnesium ion battery

Magnesium ion–conducting polymer electrolyte is one of the necessary components of current rechargeable magnesium batteries because of its good interfacial contact with electrodes and efficient mechanical properties. In the recent analysis, we described synthesis and characterization of a composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) based on poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene)/poly vinyl acetate, salt as magnesium perchlorate, and various weight percentages (wt %) of geikeilite filler (MgTiO3) by the solution casting method with tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. Structural analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), complex impedance spectroscopy, ionic transference number analysis, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies exhibit promising characteristics of prepared CPEs for appropriate utilization in magnesium battery application. The CPEs display high thermal constancy, high ionic conductivity (~ 5.80 × 10−3 Scm−1 at 30 °C), high magnesium transference number (= 0.34) and high electrochemical stability window. Dielectric properties of polymer films are analyzed and discussed. The electrochemical stability of 1.4 V and 2.4 V was get for 6 wt% incorporated MgTiO3 nanofiller system R3 polymer electrolytes, respectively, utilizing linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and charge-discharge characteristics. The prepared CPE is expected to be a promising electrolyte candidate for magnesium battery utilization.