Thermal Mass Research Articles

Dynamic building thermal mass clustering for energy flexibility assessment: An application to demand response events

Demand response programs encompass a range of externally control strategies designed to modify consumer end-use load according to specific grid demands. In the current renewable integration context, power systems need to implement such demand strategies to provide energy flexibility during grid stress periods. Nevertheless, the extensive adoption of demand response initiatives in the building sector is confronted by notable obstacles, mainly due to the absence of standardized assessment methods and metrics, and the lack of established regulatory frameworks, all of which hinder the formation of competitive flexibility asset portfolios. Indeed, energy flexibility quantification frameworks are not unified and are usually based on the control objectives and quantification indicators. In this framework, this paper proposes a methodology to cluster residential buildings based on the analytical assessment of their dynamic thermal response, regardless the boundary conditions (i.e., weather data, occupancies, …) and the type of demand response event. The proposed methodology provides a quick and simple quantification of how a building is expected to respond under different demand response events and durations, which is critical for both customers and demand response agents to decide and select the involvement of buildings in each event and potentially to design personalized demand response events for each building.An extensive analysis was conducted to evaluate the methodology based on 28 real residential buildings, whose data were presented in a previous study. Results provide the potential effectiveness and application for energy flexibility purposes of this methodology based on dynamic thermal building clustering. Moreover, it can be concluded that it is not possible to deduce a thermal inertia available classification exclusively based on design thermal and geometric characteristics of the building; being necessary to consider the duration of involvement, since they highly influence on the residential building thermal behavior, and thus, on the corresponding clustering.

Effects of using nanofluids on thermal performance and mass transfer in a micro-flat plate heat pipe

Effects of using nanofluids on thermal performance and mass transfer in a micro-flat plate heat pipe

Greenhouse Gas Distribution in the Niger Delta Region

Increased economic activity has resulted in higher levels of greenhouse gases and carbon emissions in Nigeria, making the country more vulnerable to the effects of climate change. To investigate the distribution of greenhouse gases in the Nigerien Delta, researchers used an ex post facto approach. The information was gathered from the six Niger Delta states that comprise BRACED: Delta, Edo, Rivers, Cross Rivers, and Akwa Ibom. The study focused on twelve refineries or gas flare sites, which represented all of the areas that fit the Niger Delta profile. Starting in September 2022 and ending in February 2023, data were collected every other week using Sage thermal mass flow metres. We used ANOVA and statistical diagrams to look for regional differences in climate-GHG concentrations. Greenhouse gas emissions from the Niger Delta area fell sharply between 1993 and 2022, reaching a low of 1.38 million square metres in 2010. In 2022, the average CO2 concentration in the area was 25.4µg/m³, and SO2 emissions were 20.1µg/m³. Carbon dioxide far outnumbered sulphur IV oxide (SO2) in greenhouse gas flares. Soil organic carbon concentrations averaged highest in Rivers State and lowest in Akwa Ibom. An examination of regional statistics revealed that NO2 and SO2 emissions varied significantly, with the greatest differences found between the states of Edo and Rivers. However, CO2 emissions were uniform across the country. Reduce the impact by collaborating, strengthening our capabilities, conducting research, and sharing our technologies.

Finite-size versus finite-temperature effects in the critical long-range O(N) model

In this paper we consider classical and quantum versions of the critical long-range O(N) model, for which we study finite-size and finite-temperature effects, respectively, at large N. First, we consider the classical (isotropic) model, which is conformally invariant at criticality, and we introduce one compact spatial direction. We show that the finite size dynamically induces an effective mass and we compute the one-point functions for bilinear primary operators with arbitrary spin and twist. Second, we study the quantum model, mapped to a Euclidean anisotropic field theory, local in Euclidean time and long-range in space, which we dub fractional Lifshitz field theory. We show that this model admits a fixed point at zero temperature, where it displays anisotropic Lifshitz scaling, and show that at finite temperature a thermal mass is induced. We then compute the one-point functions for an infinite family of bilinear scaling operators.In both the classical and quantum model, we find that, as previously noted for the short-range O(N) model in [1], the large-N two-point function contains information about the one-point functions, not only of the bilinear operators, but also of operators that appear in the operator product expansion of two fundamental fields only at subleading order in 1/N, namely powers of the Hubbard-Stratonovich intermediate field.

Development and improvement of a transient temperature model of PV modules: Concept of trailing data

AbstractThe development of a transient temperature model of photovoltaic (PV) modules is presented in this paper. Currently, there are a few steady‐state temperature models targeted at assessing and predicting the PV module temperature. One of the most commonly used models is the Faiman thermal model. This model is derived from the modified Hottel‐Whillier‐Bliss (HWB) model for flat‐plate solar‐thermal collector under steady‐state conditions and assumes low or no thermal mass in the modules (i.e., short time constants such that transients are neglected, and steady‐state conditions are assumed). The transient extension of the Faiman model we present in this paper introduces a thermal mass, which provides two advantages. First of all, it improves the temperature prediction under dynamic conditions. Second, our transient extension to the Faiman model allows the accurate parametrization of the Faiman model under dynamic conditions. We present our model and parametrization method. Furthermore, we applied the model and parametrization method to a 1‐year data set with 5‐min resolved outdoor module measurements. We demonstrate a significant improvement in temperature prediction for the transient model, especially under dynamic conditions.

Perceptions and Reuse of Concrete Building Structures

Concrete has gone through significant changes in popularity in the United Kingdom. This paper explores factors associated with shifts in the perception, and reuse of concrete buildings. and how these changes have influenced the use of concrete in Architecture and Design in the UK. The popularity of concrete has fluctuated over the past few decades. This is driven by a combination of cultural, aesthetic and sustainability factors. In the 1980’s and 90’s fairfaced, textured, bush-hammered concrete acquired a reputation which took some three decades to reverse. UK public opinion on concrete ‘Brutalist’ buildings of these decades is mixed, but tends to often be negative, where terms used include ‘Depressing’, ‘Hideous’, ‘Monstrosities’, ‘Eyesores’. There is currently a growing appreciation for the history and cultural significance of concrete and specifically ‘Brutalist’ architecture. Although these buildings were previously despised, they are now recognised as part of the UK’s architectural heritage and efforts are made to preserve them for future generations. Buildings and complexes, which were once run-down urban environments, are now changed into more desirable housing complexes often leading to drastic social changes in the area. Concrete has been generally seen as a material that has significant environmental impact, especially in terms of carbon emissions. Concrete’s durability, thermal mass and fire protection properties paired with advances in technology that can improve the appearance and consistency of finishes, have all improved the popularity of concrete. Strides are also being made to improve the sustainability of concrete constituent materials. The positioning of concrete as a sustainable, energy efficient building material that can also have an aesthetic appeal, combined with its versatility and durability, make concrete once again a popular choice for contemporary architecture and Interior design.

Analytic description of the gas flow around planets embedded in protoplanetary disks

Context. A growing planet embedded in a protoplanetary disk induces three-dimensional gas flow, which exhibits a midplane outflow that can suppress dust accretion onto the planet and form global dust substructures (rings and gaps). Aims. Because analytic formulae for the planet-induced outflow are useful for modeling its influences on local and global dust surface densities and planet accretion, we derived analytic formulae that describe the morphology and velocity of the planet-induced outflow. Methods. We first performed three-dimensional, nonisothermal hydrodynamical simulations of the gas flow past a planet, which enabled us to introduce a fitting formula that describes the morphology of the outflow. We then derived an analytic formula for the outflow speed using Bernoulli’s theorem. Results. We successfully derived a fitting formula for the midplane outflow morphology (the shape of the streamline), which is valid when the dimensionless thermal mass falls below m ≲ 0.6. The obtained analytic formulae for the outflow, such as the maximum outflow speed and the velocity distributions of the outflow in the radial and vertical directions to the disk, show good agreement with the numerical results. We find the following trends: (1) the maximum outflow speed increases with the planetary mass and has a peak of ~30–40% of the sound speed when the dimensionless thermal mass is m ~ 0.3, corresponding to a super-Earth mass planet at 1 au for the typical steady accretion disk model, and (2) the presence of the headwind (namely, the global pressure force acting in the positive radial direction of the disk) enhances (reduces) the outflow toward the outside (inside) of the planetary orbit. Conclusions. The planet-induced outflow of the gas affects the dust motion when the dimensionless stopping time of dust falls below St ≲ min(10 m2, 0.1), which can be used to model the dust velocity influenced by the outflow.

Reaction mechanism of micron-sized aluminum powders in O2 and CO2 gradually heated environment

The behavior of aluminum powders in specific oxidized environment is different from each other obviously. Thermal behaviors of micron-sized aluminum powders in different oxygenated and gradually heating environments were discussed in order to find out the oxidation mechanism. Particular attention is paid to the reaction mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis and related characterization methods are used and the results demonstrated that under the certain condition, reaction process of micron-sized aluminum powders can be divided into four stages. General routes for the oxidation of micron-sized aluminum in general heating system are the same, however, itis different among the extent of reaction at the third stage in different kinds of oxidizing gas atmospheres. Gas phased products were detected during the main reaction stage under carbon dioxide by combining thermal analysis and mass spectrometry which contributes to the rupture of alumina shell and further reaction of micron-sized aluminum powders. Consequently, rapider and more complete reaction process was achieved. The increasing thickness of original alumina shell can restrict the reaction rate of aluminum powders harder at the same time.

Rapid development of spiral garnets during subduction zone metamorphism revealed from high-resolution Sm-Nd garnet geochronology

Abstract Multiple studies have applied zoned garnet geochronology to place temporal constraints on the rates of metamorphism and deformation during orogenesis. We report new high-resolution isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry Sm-Nd isochron ages on concentric growth zones from microstructurally and thermodynamically characterized garnets from the Betic Cordillera, southern Spain. Our ages for the garnet core (13.64 ± 0.31 Ma), mantle (13.41 ± 0.37 Ma), and rim (13.34 ± 0.45 Ma) indicate rapid garnet growth and are consistent with published garnet ages interpreted to reflect high-pressure metamorphism in the region. Thermodynamic analysis indicates garnets grew during subduction at ~1.5–2.0 GPa and 570–600 °C. The core to rim duration of spiral garnet growth was just a few hundred thousand years. While other zoned garnet studies have shown similar rapid growth in subduction zone settings, this is the first documentation of such rapid growth of a spiral garnet. Combining this garnet growth duration with the magnitude of spiral inclusion trail curvature, we compute a strain rate of ~10−13 s−1, an order of magnitude faster than all previous spiral garnet studies. We interpret that these spiral garnets recorded a rapid pulse of deformation and strain during the final stages of subduction and incipient exhumation.

Characteristics of MHD Jeffery Fluid Past an Inclined Vertical Porous Plate

This paper is concerned with the study of an unsteady, MHD natural convective boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting, non-Newtonian Jeffery fluid over a semi-infinite vertically inclined permeable moving plate embedded in a porous medium in the presence of thermal radiation, heat absorption and thermal diffusion, heat and mass transfer. . The permeability of the porous medium and the suction velocity are considered to be an exponentially decreasing function of time. The fundamental governing equations for this investigation are solved numerically using the perturbation technique. The results are presented graphically and in tabular form for various controlling parameters. The behavior of different physical parameters is shown graphically. The numerical values of Skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are presented in a tabular form. Obtained outcomes are compared with earlier studies in the special case and strong agreement is noted. From graphical representation, it is concluded that velocity and temperature distribution increases with the mixed convection parameter and buoyancy force parameter. An increasing value of magnetic field parameter, slip parameter, and Jeffery parameter tends to reduced velocity and also raising the values of Prandtl number, radiation parameter and heat absorption parameter tends to downfallen temperature profiles. This study may be useful in several industrial applications, for example, polymer production, manufacturing of ceramics or glassware and food processing, and so forth.

Research on low‐carbon system of biomass combustion and solar‐energy power generation based on MP‐PIC simulation

AbstractTo vigorously reduce CO2 emission in the energy sector is an inevitable choice to achieve world's carbon emission reduction and to accelerate the construction of a modern energy system. The development of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage technology (CCUS) is of great significance for promoting low carbon utilization of traditional energy and realizing the low carbon transformation of coal power industry. The joint development of biomass combustion integrated with new energy technology and consideration of fuel conversion CO2 capture from the source is a technical solution with high efficiency and low energy consumption in coordination, which will bring new development opportunities for conventional thermal power industry. In this study, a low carbon system of collaborative renewable energy CO2 source capture is constructed. Numerical simulation method of multiphase flow coupled with thermal mass transfer and chemical reaction of the combustion mathematical model is employed to study the combustion characteristics in the biomass combustion system. The combustion efficiency, carbon conversion, and pollutant emissions are calculated compared with the conventional coal combustion system. Hydrogen production and CO2 emissions are analyzed based on life cycle assessment method. The energy integration full‐chain system of geological storage and CCUS is optimized, which is committed to achieving nearly zero carbon emission in the thermal power industry, contributing to the global low CO2 emission work.

Modeling apparent Pb loss in zircon U–Pb geochronology

Abstract. The loss of radiogenic Pb from zircon is known to be a major factor that can cause inaccuracy in the U–Pb geochronological system; hence, there is a need to better characterize the distribution of Pb loss in natural samples. Treatment of zircon by chemical abrasion (CA) has become standard practice in isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS), but CA is much less commonly employed prior to in situ analysis via laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) or secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS). Differentiating the effects of low levels of Pb loss in Phanerozoic zircon with relatively low-precision in situ U–Pb dates, where the degree of Pb loss is insufficient to cause discernible discordance, is challenging. We show that U–Pb isotopic ratios that have been perturbed by Pb loss may be modeled by convolving a Gaussian distribution that represents random variations from the true isotopic value stemming from analytical uncertainty with a distribution that characterizes Pb loss. We apply this mathematical framework to model the distribution of apparent Pb loss in 10 igneous samples that have both non-CA LA-ICP-MS or SIMS U–Pb dates and an estimate of the crystallization age, either through CA U–Pb or 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. All but one sample showed negative age offsets that were unlikely to have been drawn from an unperturbed U–Pb date distribution. Modeling apparent Pb loss using the logit–normal distribution produced good fits with all 10 samples and showed two contrasting patterns in apparent Pb loss; samples where most zircon U–Pb dates undergo a bulk shift and samples where most zircon U–Pb dates exhibited a low age offset but fewer dates had more significant offset. Our modeling framework allows comparison of relative degrees of apparent Pb loss between samples of different age, with the first and second Wasserstein distances providing useful estimates of the total magnitude of apparent Pb loss. Given that the large majority of in situ U–Pb dates are acquired without the CA treatment, this study highlights a pressing need for improved characterization of apparent Pb-loss distributions in natural samples to aid in interpreting non-CA in situ U–Pb data and to guide future data collection strategies.

A comparison between grey-box models and neural networks for indoor air temperature prediction in buildings

Model Predictive Control has gained much attention due to its potential to improve building operations by reducing costs, integrating renewable energy sources, and increasing thermal comfort. This paper aims to compare the accuracy of grey-box models based on resistance–capacitance (RC) networks and Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks in the prediction of the buildings’ thermal response, which is a key feature for the successful implementation of predictive controllers. Indoor air temperature prediction tests have been performed on simulated and measured data from buildings with different thermal insulation and thermal mass during both heating and cooling seasons. Results show that neural networks have, on average, a better prediction performance than grey-box models. Both modelling approaches are affected by the building characteristics and by the season considered. The grey-box models require less training data, although the latter seems to play a role only in the worse-performing tests. When user setpoint changes in the testing phase, the LSTM neural network shows a significant drop in the root mean square error. In conclusion, although LSTM outperforms grey-box models on average, the reduced training data and higher reliability under normal operating conditions, as well as their linearity, make RC models a strong alternative for predictive controllers.

Holistic design of energy-efficient temporary houses: Meeting ventilation, heating, cooling, and lighting demands

Recent disasters around the world have brought attention to the challenges faced by the homeless. Energy-efficient container houses (EECHs) offer a comfortable, sustainable, and temporary solution. A holistic design of EECH was conducted for mixed and hot climates using DesignBuilder software. The design, performed initially according to design criteria derived from ASHRAE Standards and previous studies, was subsequently examined for five passive strategies: envelope layering, WWR, windows opening ratio, glazing type, and shading. Optimal conditions were determined by the trade-off between heating and cooling demands, ventilation rate, and minimum daylight factor (DF) and uniformity (UDF). Results reveal that in mixed climates, using insulation materials and thermal mass is recommended, while in hot climates, it is advisable to avoid using them and instead rely solely on internal finishing layers. Complete reliance on natural ventilation is achieved by combining an opening ratio of 35 % with a WWR of 9%–25 % for south and north facades, and 6%–12 % for west façade. In mixed climates, argon gap double clear glazing is suitable, while a low-e layer is added for hot climates. Installing overhangs on south windows enhances UDF, unlike vertical fins on north and west windows. The designed EECHs consume 176 kWh/m2 of electricity annually.

Late Kungurian Radioisotope Age of the Boundary Between the Balakhonka and Kolchugino Groups in the Kuznetsk Basin (Western Siberia, Russia) – Additional Evidence for the Validity of the Ufimian Stage of the East European Permian

This article discusses the Late Kungurian radioisotopic age (276.9 ± 0.4 Ma) of the middle part of the Starokuznetsk Formation (Kuznetsk Subgroup, Kolchugino Group) of the Kuznetsk Basin determined by chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS). The analysis of the biostratigraphic data confirms that the layer dated belongs to the interval in which the Balakhonka Flora (cordaitoid) was replaced by the Kolchugino Flora (fern-pteridosperm-cordaitoid). This indicates that the change from the Balakhonka Flora to the Kolchugino Flora in the low latitudes of Angaraland took place during the Late Kungurian. The data obtained were used for direct correlation of the lower part of the Kolchugino Group with the Upper Kungurian of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Similar sequences of non-marine bivalve assemblages in the Permian successions of Angaraland (giant Prokopievskia, Khosedaella-Redikorella-Palaeomutela, and dominant Palaeomutela) and Eastern Europe (giant Sinomya, Palaeomutela-Khosedaella-Redikorella, and dominant Palaeomutela) further support the validity of the correlation of the Kuznetsk Subgroup with the Ufimian Stage. The placement of the lower boundary of the Kolchugino Group in the upper part of the Kungurian Stage of the International Chronostratigraphic Scale raises the question of the continuation of the Ufimian Stage as an independent straton in the East European Stratigraphic Scale. Its lower boundary coincides with the beginning of the change in the Balakhonka and Kolchugino Flora in the low latitudes of Angaraland, as well as with the faunal exchanges between the Euramerican and Angarian non-marine bivalve assemblages.

Geochronological and geochemical effects of zircon chemical abrasion: insights from single-crystal stepwise dissolution experiments

Abstract. Chemical abrasion in hydrofluoric acid (HF) is routinely applied to zircon grains prior to U–Pb dating by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) to remove radiation-damaged portions of grains affected by Pb loss. Still, many chemically abraded datasets exhibit evidence of residual Pb loss. Here we test how the temperature and duration of chemical abrasion affect zircon U–Pb and trace element systematics in a series of 4 h, single-crystal stepwise dissolution experiments at 180 and 210 ∘C. Microtextural data for the zircon samples studied are presented in a companion paper by McKanna et al. (2023). We find that stepwise dissolution at 210 ∘C is more effective at eliminating material affected by open-system behavior and enriched in U, common Pb (Pbc), and light rare earth elements (LREEs); reduces the presence of leaching-induced artifacts that manifest as reverse discordance; and produces more consistent and concordant results in zircon from the three rocks studied. We estimate that stepwise dissolution in three 4 h steps is roughly equivalent to a single ∼ 8 h leaching step due to the insulating properties of the PTFE sleeve in the Parr pressure dissolution vessel, whereas traditionally labs utilize a single 12 h leaching step. We conclude that a single 8 h leaching step at 210 ∘C should remove Pb loss effects in the majority of zircon and that this can be used as an effective approach for routine analysis. Further, we calculate time-integrated alpha doses for leachates and residues from measured radionuclide concentrations to investigate (1) the alpha dose of the material dissolved under the two leaching conditions and (2) the apparent minimum alpha dose required for Pb loss susceptibility: ≥ 6×1017 α g−1.

An equivalent circuit approach for remnant thickness evaluation and flaw sizing using pulsed thermography

Active thermography using pulsed heating is a fast and reliable method for detecting flaws in composite and metallic materials. This paper analyzes the temperature decay that occurs immediately after flash heating the front surface of stainless steel specimens as a function of time, based on a novel application of the equivalent circuit approach (ECA). The temperature decay from the front surface is equated to the discharge of a capacitor. The ECA is based on the charging (temperature rise due to flash heating) of a capacitor, followed by its discharge (temperature decay) through a series of resistors (which depends on the conductivity of the material) and capacitance (which depends on the thermal capacitance of the layers) through which the heat is dissipated. The proposed approach analyzes the sequences of temperature data obtained at each pixel location during cooling from a step wedge and a specimen with multiple flat-bottom holes. Time constant maps derived from the analysis are used to ascertain the thickness of the step wedge, detect the flaws, and evaluate the remnant thickness of the flaws. A correlation has been established between the thickness and the time constants. The above approach has been used to estimate the diameter of the flat-bottom holes.

Effect of cryogenic feed line thermal mass distribution and orientation on chill-down performance

Chilldown performance of cryogenic systems is highly influenced by parameters like feed line orientation, thermal mass of the feed system and its distribution, mass flux of the cryogen and heat in-leak. In this work, the impact of feed line orientation and mass flux of cryogen on chilldown is evaluated through a parameter defined as Chilldown Performance Index. A set of experimental data generated with Liquid Nitrogen employing a test section insulated with poly-isocynurate foam is used for this study. Chilldown Performance Index is found to be lower with downward inclination upto 60° downward orientation of test section as compared to that of horizontal orientation. Beyond this, at 90° downward orientation, it is seen to be better as compared to 60° orientation. Chilldown performance improves significantly with upward inclination of test section. Chilldown time is found to be highly sensitive to mass flux, whereas effect on Chilldown Performance Index is not so significant. Experiments also show that chilldown performance is significantly influenced by the distribution of feed line thermal mass. Chilldown is faster in experiments with higher thermal mass distributed near to the inlet to the test section as compared to the case wherein they are distributed near to the exit of the test section. Flow visualisation studies are also conducted employing a vacuum jacketed view glass made of borosilicate material to capture the flow structure prevailing in experiments with different upward and downward orientation and to assess its influence on chilldown. Flow structure is observed to be significantly different in experiments with upward inclination, compared to those with horizontal and downward orientation. Observations made with upward inclination, show the existence of plug or slug flow in the test section, leading to faster chilldown. Flow pattern observed in experiments with 30° and 45° downward orientation is also different compared to other orientations, as liquid flow is mostly confined to the core of the test section, due to gravity effects.

A Novel Quick Temperature Prediction Algorithm for Battery Thermal Management Systems Based on a Flat Heat Pipe

Predicting the core temperature of a Li-ion battery is crucial for precise state estimation, but it is difficult to directly measure. Existing quick temperature-predicting approaches can hardly consider the thermal mass of complex structure that may cause time delays, particularly under high C-rate dynamic conditions. In this paper, we developed a quick temperature prediction algorithm based on a thermal convolution method (TCM) to calculate the core temperature of a flat heat pipe-based battery thermal management system (FHP-BTMS) under dynamic conditions. The model could predict the core temperature rapidly through convolution of the thermal response map which contains full physical information. Firstly, in order to obtain a high fidelity spatio-temporal temperature distribution, the thermal capacitance-resistance network (TCRN) of the FHP-BTMS is established and validated by constant and dynamic discharging experiments. Then, the response map of the core temperature motivated by various impulse heat sources and heat sinks is obtained. Specifically, the dynamic thermal characteristics of an FHP are discussed to correct the boundary conditions of the TCM. Afterwards, the temperature prediction performances of the TCM and a lumped model under different step operating conditions are compared. The TCM results show a 70–80% accuracy improvement and better dynamic adaptivity than the lumped model. Lastly, a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) profile is employed. The temperature prediction accuracy results show that the TCM can maintain a relative error below 5% throughout the entire prediction period.

The analysis of occupants' thermal comfort in a residential building in Tangier, Morocco

Bioclimatic design is currently one of the most important steps in passive building design adapted to outdoor climatic conditions. However, the Moroccan Thermal Building Regulations (RTCM) primarily focus on the building envelope and its energy performance, often overlooking occupant comfort. To address this gap, a bioclimatic analysis of the Mediterranean climate in Tangier was conducted to determine the percentage of thermal comfort naturally provided by this climate and to identify suitable passive strategies for buildings in the region. The results indicate that Tangier's climate can provide up to 28% thermal comfort. Consequently, the most effective passive strategies for buildings in Tangier include shading techniques, high thermal mass, internal heat gains, and direct passive heating. Furthermore, implementing these strategies can enhance occupant comfort by 6% and reduce the building's energy demand by 11.74%.