Role of reactive oxygen species in polycystic ovary syndrome: signalling pathways, mechanisms, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment strategies.

Targeting the SARM1-NAD⁺ axis: A review of new strategy for reversing the imbalance of energy and mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolic diseases.

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Pregnancy: Clinical Implications, Adverse Outcomes, and Therapeutic Considerations.

Psychiatric dangerousness, general concepts

Metabolic and immune dysfunction at the crossroads between type 1 diabetes and neurodegeneration.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in children and adolescents, significantly impacting quality of life and scholastic performance. Effective management requires therapeutic approaches that address the complex pathophysiology while ensuring safety and tolerability. This paper reviews the evidence supporting azelastine-fluticasone combination intranasal therapy in pediatric allergic rhinitis, with a focus on efficacy, safety, and clinical implementation. This paper encompassed clinical trials, guidelines (ARIA), consensus statements (SIAIP Delphi Consensus), and real-world evidence gathered from Italian primary care pediatricians managing children and adolescents with AR. Azelastine-fluticasone combination therapy demonstrates superior efficacy compared to monotherapy, exhibiting a rapid onset of action (15-30 min) and sustained symptom control. Its dual mechanism effectively addresses both early-phase (H1-receptor antagonism) and late-phase (glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory effects) allergic responses. Clinical trials conducted in adolescents aged 12-18 years confirm an excellent safety profile, with no significant effects observed on growth or the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. Emerging evidence further may support its potential utility in younger children aged 6-12 years. The SIAIP Delphi Consensus on AR management, involving 42 pediatricians, achieved over 80% agreement on key management principles, particularly emphasizing the control of type 2 inflammation. Survey data collected from 864 Italian primary care pediatricians, collectively managing 81,231 children, indicates high adherence to ARIA guidelines (exceeding 70%) and a notable increase in the adoption of combination therapy, reaching up to 20% of cases. Azelastine-fluticasone combination intranasal therapy represents a significant paradigm shift in pediatric allergic rhinitis management. It offers superior efficacy, an excellent safety profile, and practical advantages that foster better treatment adherence. This therapeutic approach is well-aligned with contemporary guidelines and is increasingly being adopted in clinical practice for the management of moderate to severe AR in children and adolescents.

Targeting hepatocellular carcinoma with MAGE-A3-specific TCR-engineered T cells: A therapeutic approach.

The SEMA7AN559Y mutation facilitates the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by inducing ROS/NLRP3-mediated hepatic cell pyroptosis.

Management of Parkinson's disease psychosis-a European perspective.

A systematic review of dialectical behaviour therapy, mentalisation-based treatment and internal family systems therapy for borderline personality disorder with comorbid depression and/or anxiety.

Initial safety outcomes of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell for rotator cuff tear: A 3-year pilot trial.

Novel quinoxaline-based survivin degraders overcome docetaxel-resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

α-synuclein monoclonal antibodies in Parkinson's disease: A failed promise or unmet potential?

Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF), or Shulman syndrome, first described in 1974, is a rare fibrosing disorder characterized by painful, symmetric swelling and progressive woody induration of skin and subcutaneous tissues. Although the pathogenesis remains unclear, EF is considered immune-mediated, often triggered by physical exertion, infections, or medications. Pediatric EF, a particularly uncommon subset, can exhibit distinct clinical features, including pronounced extracutaneous manifestations, unpredictable disease progression, and variable therapeutic responses. Clinical presentations range from rapidly advancing fibrosis leading to joint contractures to fluctuating inflammatory episodes. Diagnosis is challenging because of the absence of universal criteria, although peripheral eosinophilia, elevated inflammatory markers, and imaging findings support clinical suspicion. Definitive diagnosis depends on deep skin and fascial biopsy, revealing eosinophil-rich lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and fibrosis. Management primarily relies on systemic corticosteroids, supplemented by steroid-sparing immunosuppressive medications in refractory cases. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical because untreated EF can cause irreversible fibrosis and significant functional impairment. The disease's rarity, heterogeneous presentations, and unclear etiology further complicate clinical management. Recent insights suggest EF may involve intricate interactions among environmental triggers, immune dysregulation, and fibrotic remodeling. This review aims to provide an updated overview of pediatric EF, highlighting current knowledge on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes, supported by an illustrative case, with emphasis on areas needing further research.

Brain stimulation in stuttering: Participant experiences with transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS).

Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: A comprehensive review of pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic strategies.

Spondylarthritides (SpA), including psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are immune-mediated diseases in which the IL-23/IL-17 axis plays a central role. IL-17A inhibition is already a well-established and effective treatment strategy. Emerging evidence suggests that IL-17F, a cytokine closely related to IL-17A but less potent, is not a passive bystander but a key participant in chronic sustained inflammation and therapeutic escape, offering a compelling concept for dual inhibition. This review aims to examine the pathophysiological significance of dual inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F in psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis. Conducting a search through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms such as "spondyloarthritis", "psoriatic arthritis", "IL-17A", "IL-17F", "IL-23", "IL-23 independent mechanisms", "dual inhibition", "pathogenesis", "gut-joint axis", "secukinumab", "ixekizumab", "bimekizumab", "sonelokimab", we select the relevant literature for this comprehensive pathophysiological narrative. This review examines the distinct and synergistic functions of IL-17A and IL-17F in key tissues, including the synovium, enthesis, skin, gut, and eye, and their contribution to the paradoxical imbalance of bone remodelling. The advent of dual IL-17A/F inhibitors, particularly bimekizumab has revolutionised our therapeutic approach, offering a promising option for patients with difficult-to-treat SpA. We also discuss emerging technology agents, such as sonelokimab and izokibep. Inhibiting both IL-17A and IL-17F signifies not only a significant therapeutic advancement but also a vital strategy towards overcoming the limitations of our current armamentarium in achieving deeper and more sustained remission in SpA. Future studies and long-term data will be essential in determining the position of dual IL-17A/F inhibitors within treatment guidelines.

Proteomic signatures in triple-negative breast cancer.

KLHL8-mediated ubiquitination and TAX1BP1-dependent autophagic degradation of GPX4 drive neuronal ferroptosis.

Nuclear localization signal in Leishmania spp.: Implications for parasite physiology and host nucleus hijacking.