Theory Of Processes Research Articles

Shaken to the core: trust trajectories in the aftermaths of adverse cyber events

PurposeAdverse cyber events, like death and taxes, have become inevitable. They are an increasingly common feature of organisational life. Their aftermaths are a critical and under-examined context and dynamic space within which to examine trust. In this paper, we address this deficit.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on pertinent theory and reports of empirical studies, we outline the basis of two alternative subsequent trajectories, drawing out the relationships between trust, vulnerability and emotion, both positive and negative, in the aftermath of an adverse cyber event.FindingsWe combine stage theory and social information processing theories to delineate the dynamics of trust processes and their multilevel trajectories during adverse cyber event aftermaths. We consider two response trajectories to chart the way vulnerability arises at different levels within these social systems to create self-reinforcing trust and distrust spirals. These ripple out to impact multiple levels of the organisation by either amplifying or relieving vulnerability.Research limitations/implicationsThe way adverse cyber events aftermaths are managed has immediate and long-term consequences for organisational stakeholders. Actions impact resilience and the ability to preserve the social fabric of the organisations. Subsequent trajectories can be “negative” or “positive”. The “negative” trajectory is characterised by efforts to identify and punish the employee whose actions facilitated the adverse events, i.e. the “who”. Public scapegoating might follow thereby amplifying perceived vulnerability and reducing trust across the board. By contrast, the “positive” trajectory relieves perceived vulnerability by focusing on, and correcting, situational causatives. Here, the focus is on the “what” and “why” of the event.Practical implicationsWe raise the importance of responding in a constructive way to adverse cyber events.Originality/valueThe aftermaths of cyber attacks in organisations are a critical, neglected context. We explore the interplay between trust and vulnerability and its implications for management “best practice”.

Recommendations for implementing digital alcohol interventions in primary care: lessons learned from a Norwegian feasibility study.

Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading global risk factor for ill-health and premature death. Digital alcohol interventions can be effective at reducing alcohol consumption, but their widespread adoption is lagging behind. This study aimed to identify factors promoting or inhibiting the implementation of a digital alcohol intervention in Norwegian primary care, by using Normalization Process Theory (NPT). A mixed methods feasibility study combining quantitative and qualitative methods. A digital alcohol intervention called "Endre" was implemented across four GP practices in Stavanger and Oslo. Usage of the intervention was logged on the digital platform. General practitioners (GPs) reported their perceived uptake of the intervention via a web-based survey. The Normalization MeAsure Development (NoMAD) survey was used to measure support staff's perceived normalization of the intervention. Qualitative data were analyzed using the NPT framework, with quantitative data analyzed descriptively and using χ 2 and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for differences in current and future normalization. Thirty-seven GPs worked in the clinics and could recruit patients for the digital intervention. Thirty-six patients registered for the intervention. Nine patients dropped out early and 25 completed the intervention as intended. Low normalization scores at follow-up (n = 27) indicated that Endre did not become fully embedded in and across practices. Nonetheless, staff felt somewhat confident about their use of Endre and thought it may become a more integral part of their work in the future. Findings from six semi-structured group interviews suggested that limited implementation success may have been due to a lack of tailored implementation support, staff's lack of involvement, their diminished trust in Endre, and a lack of feedback on intervention usage. The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic further limited opportunities for GPs to use Endre. This study investigated the real-world challenges of implementing a digital alcohol intervention in routine clinical practice. Future research should involve support staff in both the development and implementation of digital solutions to maximize compatibility with professional workflows and needs. Integration of digital solutions may further be improved by including features such as dashboards that enable clinicians to access and monitor patient progress and self-reported outcomes.

Process tensor distinguishability measures

Process tensors are quantum combs describing the evolution of open quantum systems through multiple steps of quantum dynamics. While there is more than one way to measure how different two processes are, special care must be taken to ensure quantifiers obey physically desirable conditions such as data-processing inequalities. Here, we analyze two classes of distinguishability measures commonly used in general applications of quantum combs. We show that the first class, called Choi divergences, does not satisfy an important data-processing inequality, while the second one, which we call generalized divergences, does. We also extend to quantum combs some other relevant results of generalized divergences of quantum channels. Finally, given the properties we proved, we argue that generalized divergences may be more adequate than Choi divergences for distinguishing quantum combs in most of their applications. Particularly, this is crucial for defining monotones for resource theories whose states have a comb structure, such as resource theories of quantum processes and resource theories of quantum strategies. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЕЛЕКТРОСПОЖИВАННЯ НА ГІРНИЧОРУДНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ З УРАХУВАННЯМ ВИКИДІВ

The question of the efficiency of electricity consumption arises acutely at mining enterprises, since in modern conditions the extraction of minerals is largely determined by increased electricity consumption. Therefore, the value of the power consumption fluctuation indicator, which is not taken into account at such enterprises, should naturally be considered as emissions that lead to additional economic losses, that is, to a decrease in the efficien-cy of power consumption. Given that electricity consumption at mining enterprises is usually higher than the specified level, it is advisable to study the corresponding efficiency in the paradigm of the theory of random processes with the determination of emissions. The essence of the problems related to the study of electricity consumption involves the expediency of determining both the actual values of the relevant indicators and some of their normative values. To evaluate electricity consumption by industrial enterprises in general and mining enterprises separately, the "energy efficiency index" is used, which evaluates the loss of energy reserves. The indicator of energy efficiency can be measured through a coefficient, as a ratio of output results to input re-sources, or through the volume of production, its range. The purpose of the article is a statistical analysis of the efficiency of electricity consumption at mining enterprises, taking into account emissions. The research method-ology involves the use of mathematical methods, in particular the theory of probabilities, statistical methods. The content consists in the defined values of the intersection of indicators of electricity consumption by mining en-terprises corresponding to the given (planned) level. Emissions that disrupt the uninterrupted operation of the enterprise are analyzed in order to make appropriate management decisions. The scientific novelty consists in the application of statistical methods in the study of emissions in relation to electricity consumption as a random process. The practical value is in ensuring the possibility of increasing the efficiency of electricity consumption at mining enterprises based on the processing of the values of emission indicators.

Adopting Theories Underlying Directed Technology Integration Strategies: Study Objectivist Learning Theories

This paper examines key theories underlying directed technology integration strategies in education, focusing on objectivist learning approaches. The study reviews and analyzes several influential theories, including B.F. Skinner's behaviorism, Atkinson and Shiffrin's information processing model, Robert Gagne's conditions of learning, and systems theory approaches to instructional design.The analysis reveals how these theories provide conceptual foundations for technology integration in education. Behaviorism emphasizes reinforcement and observable outcomes. Information processing theory explains memory and cognitive processes. Gagne's work highlights conditions for effective learning. Systems approaches offer frameworks for designing technology-enhanced instruction. While each theory offers valuable insights, an integrated approach incorporating behaviorist, cognitive, and constructivist perspectives may be most effective for technology-enhanced learning. Understanding these theoretical underpinnings can guide educators in developing more effective technology integration strategies and creating optimal learning conditions in digital environments. This paper synthesizes key objectivist learning theories relevant to educational technology, providing a theoretical foundation to inform technology integration practices in modern education.

The relationship between self-serving leadership and employees’ expediency: a moderated mediation model

PurposeDrawing upon social information processing theory, this study investigates the correlation between self-serving leadership and employee expediency. It also explores the mediating effect of self-interest motivation and the moderating effect of trait mindfulness.Design/methodology/approachA total of 147 part-time MBA students were enlisted to participate in a scenario experiment (Study 1), and 291 valid employee questionnaires were collected through a multiple-time point survey (Study 2). SPSS 23.0, MPLUS 8.0 and PROCESS programs were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.FindingsStudy 1 illustrated a positive correlation between self-serving leadership and employee expediency. It also identified self-interest motivation as a mediating factor in the correlation between self-serving leadership and expediency. Study 2 replicated the results obtained in Study 1 and expanded upon them by demonstrating that trait mindfulness moderates the association between self-serving leadership and self-interest motivation. Additionally, trait mindfulness moderates the indirect effect of self-serving leadership on expediency.Practical implicationsThis research argues that organizations should take steps to prevent self-serving leadership in order to reduce employee expediency. Furthermore, it is advisable to provide ethics training to employees who exhibit high trait mindfulness, as they show increased sensitivity to self-serving leadership and are more likely to engage in unethical behavior.Originality/valueThis study expands the existing research on the ethical outcomes of self-serving leadership and contributes to a deeper understanding of the negative aspects of trait mindfulness.

The RETurn to work After stroKE (RETAKE) trial: Findings from a mixed-methods process evaluation of the Early Stroke Specialist Vocational Rehabilitation (ESSVR) intervention.

A key goal for working age stroke survivors is to return to work, yet only around 50% achieve this at 12 months. Currently, there is limited evidence of effectiveness of early stroke-specialist vocational rehabilitation (ESSVR) interventions from randomised controlled trials. This study examined fidelity to ESSVR and explored social and structural factors which may have influenced implementation in the RETurn to work After stroKE (RETAKE) randomised controlled trial. Mixed-methods process evaluation assessing intervention fidelity and incorporating longitudinal case-studies exploring stroke survivors' experiences of support to return to work. Normalisation Process Theory, and the Conceptual Model for Implementation Fidelity, informed data collection and analysis. Sixteen sites across England and Wales participated in RETAKE. Forty-eight occupational therapists (OTs), supported by 6 mentors experienced in vocational rehabilitation (VR), delivered the intervention (duration 12 months) between February 2018 and April 2022. Twenty-six participants (15 ESSVR, 11 usual care (UC)) were included in longitudinal case-studies. An additional 18 participants (8 ESSVR and 10 UC) were interviewed once. Nineteen OTs, 6 mentors and 19 service managers were interviewed. Fidelity was measured for 39 ESSVR participants; mean fidelity score was 78.8% (SD:19.2%, range 31-100%). Comparison of the experiences of ESSVR and UC participants indicated duration and type of support to return to work were perceived to be better for ESSVR participants. They received early, co-ordinated support including employer liaison and workplace adjustments where appropriate. In contrast, UC participants reported limited or no VR or return to work support from health professionals. Typically, UC support lasted 2-8 weeks, with poor communication and co-ordination between rehabilitation providers. Mentor support for OTs appeared to increase fidelity. Service managers indicated ESSVR would enhance post-stroke services. ESSVR was valued by participants and was delivered with fidelity; implementation appeared to be facilitated by mentor support for OTs.

Residents’ place attachment and tourist sexual behaviour in a European coastal tourist destination

PurposeDespite extensive research into residents’ attitudes towards tourist behaviour, little has been explored about the extent to which visitors’ practices contribute to the formation of residents’ bonds with their place of residence, which is also a tourist destination. Therefore, this research aims to determine how residents’ perception of tourist sexual behaviour affects their engagement with the urban environment and the image of the city and tourist destination in which they live. To structure and interpret the various attitudes of the residents surveyed, the authors used a conceptual framework based on identity process theory (IPT) in relation to residents’ attitudes and the impact of a particular dimension of tourist behaviour – their sexual practices – on their perceived connection to their place of residence.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was administered to a sample of 457 residents in Salou to collect data regarding their assessments of the sexual behaviour of tourists in their community. A cluster analysis was used to classify residents according to their attitudes and stances towards the different sexual practices of visitors and their evaluation of the importance of those practices for current and future tourism at the destination. Finally, an analysis of variance was performed to compare significant differences in attitudes towards tourist behaviour and the attachment to Salou among the different segments of residents identified.FindingsThe study identified four groups of residents classified by their attitudes towards tourist sexual behaviour: permissive bystanders, supportive expectants, ambivalent pragmatics and opposed rejectors. Two attitudinal components explain the differences between the groups: tolerance and personal interest, which are associated with how residents construct their bond with Salou in terms of place attachment (PA). These results align well with IPT, as they highlight processes of assimilation, evaluation and the contribution of symbolic significance to the place of residence, mediated by the perception of tourist sexual behaviour.Practical implicationsSome practical recommendations are offered to tourist destination administrations regarding the differences among residents’ attitudes towards tourist behaviour and PA. The findings can serve as a valuable tool for designing tourism policies aimed at selecting markets, as well as for marketing and promoting tourist destinations.Originality/valueThe originality of this study lies in that it considers the role of tourist sexual behaviour as a compositional element of the identity of the place – a tourist destination – where residents live, providing new empirical data on an under-researched academic issue. This article attempts to contribute to a critical perspective by conceptualising and introducing new elements for understanding the identity, attraction and sexuality of tourist sites. The study also connects with the urban analysis of tourist destinations, incorporating the role of sex into the social construction of the tourist city, the creation of identity and image and the attribution of symbolic meaning to destination settings.

A discourse analysis of blind spots in Sinclair and Coulthard (1992) model of classroom discourse

This study investigates the blind spots in Sinclair and Coulthard’s revised classroom discourse (CD) structure of Teacher’s Initiation, Students’ Response and Teacher’s Feedback (IRF). The study suggests the Initiation (2), Response (2) and Feedback (2) (IIRRFF) pattern which may be suitable for today’s CD. This pattern permits equal contributions by classroom participants. The study adopts a quantitative method for data collection; a qualitative-descriptive research design and Information Processing Theory (IPT). Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to English lecturers and students from three tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The results show a high percentage of participants who confirmed that Sinclair and Coulthard’s IRF model has blind spots; 86% of the respondents agreed that the model may lead to a limited understanding of what is taught; 80% agreed that dual initiations and feedback are rejected in this model, and 70% strongly agreed that the model should be expanded to accommodate other fields of language learning. The study recommends that CD should be categorized into two major types: the teacher’s utterances and the students’ utterances. The IIRRFF pattern that allows teachers and students to have equal slots in every CD should be implemented. This will encourage students’ full participation and interaction.

New Results on Differential Subordination and Superordination for Multivalent Functions Involving New Symmetric Operator

This article aims to significantly advance geometric function theory by providing a valuable contribution to analytic and multivalent functions. It focuses on differential subordination and superordination, which characterize the interactions between analytic functions. To achieve our goal, we employ a method that relies on the characteristics of differential subordination and superordination. As one of the latest advancements in this field, this technique is able to derive several results about differential subordination and superordination for multivalent functions defined by the new operator within the open unit disk . Additionally, by employing the technique, the differential sandwich outcome is achieved. Therefore, this work presents crucial exceptional instances that follow the results. The findings of this paper can be applied to a wide range of mathematical and engineering problems, including system identification, orthogonal polynomials, fluid dynamics, signal processing, antenna technology, and approximation theory. Furthermore, this work significantly advances the knowledge and understanding of the analytical functions of the unit and its interactive higher relations. The characteristics and consequences of differential subordination theory are symmetric to those of differential superordination theory. By combining them, sandwich-type theorems can be derived.

Implementation of the four habits model in intermediate care services in Norway: a process evaluation

BackgroundIntermediate care (IC) services bridge the transition for older patients from the hospital to the home. Despite the goal of involving individuals in their recovery process, these services often become standardised, leading to communication breakdowns. While evidence-based practices, such as the Four Habits Model (4HM), for effective communication are crucial for enhancing high-quality healthcare, research suggests their integration into routine practice remains limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the implementation process of the 4HM through a two-day course that engaged healthcare professionals and managers in IC.MethodsWe conducted a process evaluation employing qualitative and quantitative methods: (i) individual interviews with three managers and two course participants pre-course, (ii) two focus group interviews with course participants (N = 11) and individual interviews with the same three managers post-course, and (iii) the NoMAD questionnaire (Normalisation MeAsure Development) administered four months later to assess the short- and long-term impact on course participants (N = 14). Reflexive thematic analyses were guided by Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), which offers insight into how new interventions become routine practices. The analysis of the NoMAD involved descriptive statistics.ResultsWe identified four themes in the qualitative data: (i) Decoding Interactions: Making Sense of the 4HM in IC services, (ii) Fostering Change: Legitimising 4HM Through Staff Engagement, (iii) Harmonising Practice: Integrating 4HM into Complex Situations, and (iv) Embedding Value: Normalising the 4HM into Everyday Work. These themes illustrate the normalisation process of the 4HM course within IC, establishing standard practices. Healthcare professionals and managers highlighted the urgent need to integrate communication skills based on the 4HM into daily care. They noted positive changes in their communication habits following the course. The consistent findings from the NoMAD questionnaire underscore the sustainability of implementing the 4HM programme, as participants continue to utilise it in their clinical practice beyond the initial four-month period.ConclusionThe 4HM course programme was deemed feasible for expansion within IC services. Both managers and staff found its focus on addressing communication breakdowns and readiness for change sensible. The study findings may benefit the stakeholders involved in IC service routines, potentially improving services for older patients and relatives.

Doing labour process theory after Braverman

Doing labour process theory after Braverman

Labour process theory: in and beyond the core: continuities, challenges, and choices

Since the publication of Braverman’s seminal Labor and Monopoly Capital (1974), labour process theory (LPT) has become a successful theory-building project driven by empirical expansion and conceptual innovation, operating as the equivalent of a normal science, with a distinctive scope and specific empirical focus on workplace regimes in the context of capitalist political economy. It’s toolkit or conceptual architecture combines underpinning and ordering principles with contingent and flexible operational categories concerning labour power and control. Though LPT has built stronger conceptual connections between workplace and accumulation regimes, changes in the global order have brought new theoretical and empirical challenges that are requiring it to adjust some of its core concepts and boundaries to consider development such as new sources of labour power, migration, and mobility.

Transformative impacts of explicit morphological instruction on irregular inflectional acquisition in Saudi EFL learners

The study aimed to investigate the transformative effect of overt instruction on the acquisition of irregular inflectional morphemes by Saudi EFL learners. A mixed-method approach consisting of quantitative data and complemented with a qualitative descriptive analysis was adopted for this study to measure the transformative effect of explicit instruction through pretest and posttest procedures. Input Processing Theory and Processability Theory were used in this study to see the transformative effect of overt instruction between the control and experimental groups. The study employed visual aids and metalinguistic discussion instructional techniques to treat the experimental group with a one-hour session once a week, other than the normal classroom instruction sessions. In total, it continued for seven consecutive weeks. The results demonstrated that a p-value less than 0.001 for all three hypotheses developed in the study posited in favour of the alternative hypothesis and rejected the null hypothesis. Hence, the two groups significantly differed in their vocabulary knowledge: morpheme recognition and morpheme use in writing. The results support the hypotheses developed initially in this study that overt instruction of inflectional irregular morphological knowledge transfers to the EFL learners’ writing skills and facilitates L2 acquisition. The study has significant implications for foreign language learners, L2 teachers, and researchers.

From Health Risks to Environmental Actions: Research on the Pathway of Guiding Citizens to Participate in Pocket-Park Governance

The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the demand for urban pocket parks near residential areas, posing new challenges for environmental governance. However, there is a lack of research on how to engage citizens in pocket-park governance to address both potential and unforeseen risks. This study combines social information processing theory with a norm activation model to develop a framework that identifies the shaping stages and influencing factors of citizens’ intentions to participate in pocket-park governance. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, this research analyzed the relationships among external factors, attitudes, moral norms, and intentions to participate based on 719 responses from an online survey targeting Chinese citizens in November and December 2023. Results indicate that health risks and pocket-park environmental quality positively affect perceived usefulness. Attitudes and moral norms are indeed important factors mediating the positive effect of the external environment on the intention to participate. The pathway of guiding citizens to participate in pocket-park governance is clarified, which helps bolster the resilience of urban green spaces and improve the quality of life of residents after public crises.

Minimal exposure durations reveal visual processing priorities for different stimulus attributes

Human vision can detect a single photon, but the minimal exposure required to extract meaning from stimulation remains unknown. This requirement cannot be characterised by stimulus energy, because the system is differentially sensitive to attributes defined by configuration rather than physical amplitude. Determining minimal exposure durations required for processing various stimulus attributes can thus reveal the system’s priorities. Using a tachistoscope enabling arbitrarily brief displays, we establish minimal durations for processing human faces, a stimulus category whose perception is associated with several well-characterised behavioural and neural markers. Neural and psychophysical measures show a sequence of distinct minimal exposures for stimulation detection, object-level detection, face-specific processing, and emotion-specific processing. Resolving ongoing debates, face orientation affects minimal exposure but emotional expression does not. Awareness emerges with detection, showing no evidence of subliminal perception. These findings inform theories of visual processing and awareness, elucidating the information to which the visual system is attuned.

CONTACT: a non-randomised feasibility study of bluetooth-enabled wearables for contact tracing in UK care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe need for effective non-pharmaceutical infection prevention measures such as contact tracing in pandemics remains in care homes, but traditional approaches to contact tracing are not feasible in care homes. The CONTACT intervention introduces Bluetooth-enabled wearable devices (BLE wearables) as a potential solution for automated contact tracing. Using structured reports and reports triggered by positive COVID-19 cases in homes, we fed contact patterns and trends back to homes to support better-informed infection prevention decisions and reduce blanket application of restrictive measures. This paper reports on the evaluation of feasibility and acceptability of the intervention prior to a planned definitive cluster randomised trial of the CONTACT BLE wearable intervention.MethodsCONTACT was a non-randomised mixed-method feasibility study over 2 months in four English care homes. Recruitment was via care home research networks, with individual consent. Data collection methods included routine data from the devices, case report forms, qualitative interviews (with staff and residents), field observation of care, and an adapted version of the NoMaD survey instrument to explore implementation using Normalisation Process Theory. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods. Qualitative data were thematically analysed using a framework approach and Normalisation Process Theory. Intervention and study delivery were evaluated against predefined progression criteria.ResultsOf 156 eligible residents, 105 agreed to wear a device, with 102 (97%) starting the intervention. Of 225 eligible staff, 82% (n = 178) participated. Device loss and damage were significant: 11% of resident devices were lost or damaged, ~ 50% were replaced. Staff lost fewer devices, just 6%, but less than 10% were replaced. Fob wearables needed more battery changes than card-type devices (15% vs. 0%). Structured and reactive feedback was variably understood by homes but unlikely to be acted on. Researcher support for interpreting reports was valued. Homes found information useful when it confirmed rather than challenged preconceived contact patterns. Staff privacy concerns were a barrier to adoption. Study procedures added to existing work, making participation burdensome. Study participation benefits did not outweigh perceived burden and were amplified by the pandemic context. CONTACT did not meet its quantitative or qualitative progression criteria.ConclusionCONTACT found a large-scale definitive trial of BLE wearables for contact tracing and feedback-informed IPC in care homes unfeasible and unacceptable — at least in the context of shifting COVID-19 pandemic demands. Future research should co-design interventions and studies with care homes, focusing on successful intervention implementation as well as technical effectiveness.Trial registrationISRCTN registration: 11204126 registered 17/02/2021.

Showing What They Know: How Supervisors Express Their Assessment Literacy

This study examines the assessment literacy of university-based student teaching supervisors in a teacher education program. The first author engaged in an inquiry community with three supervisors from the program. Using the four dimensions of the Approaches to Classroom Assessment Inventory (ACAI) framework, we sought to expose the specific phenomena of supervisors’ articulation of the ACAI dimensions of assessment literacy. We organized our findings around the dimensions: assessment process, assessment product, assessment fairness, and assessment theory. We found that supervisors expressed multiple dimensions of assessment within their inquiry community meeting discussions and interviews and expressed varied knowledge and prioritization of each dimension. We also found that supervisors did not discuss the dimensions of the ACAI in isolation, instead, they illustrated the complex interplay among assessment and other pedagogical constructs. These findings provide an initial contribution to the literature on supervisors’ assessment literacy, which could inform research and practice.

Social presence and collaborative creativity in leaner media

As people increasingly rely on virtual spaces for both personal and professional exchanges, the dynamics of how we connect, share ideas, and work together have evolved. Online interactions often engage in modality switching where communication starts in one modality, such as talking, then switches to another, such as texting. We examined how modality switching affected creativity and social presence when collaborating using computer mediated communication. Participants first met via an audio or text modality, then switched to the other modality. They then engaged in a collaborative story creation task. Using the Social Information Processing Theory for our theoretical framework, we found that switching from text to audio benefitted creativity. We found no differences between texted and audio communication in social presence, desire for future interaction, or creativity. Replicating others’ results, we did find differences in conversational balance: Texted conversations were more balanced than audio conversations. We newly discovered that modality switching affected balance. Audio conversations were more balanced when they followed text interactions rather than preceded them. Ultimately, more balanced conversations – regardless of modality – led to greater creativity in dyads.

Embedding the ‘CoolCuddle’ intervention for infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in NICU: an evaluation using normalisation process theory

ObjectivesNewborn infants exposed to lack of oxygen and blood flow to the brain around birth may develop brain dysfunction (hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy—HIE). These infants undergo 72 hours of cooling therapy and...