Development Of Ideology Research Articles

Confucian Response to the Challenge Posed by Catholicism: Wang Fuzhi’s Views of Catholicism

Despite his significant influence, Wang Fuzhi’s perspective on Catholicism and its actual impact on his philosophical outlook have yet to be thoroughly examined. This essay aims to delve into this topic and elucidate Wang’s attitude toward Catholicism, highlighting its evolution over time. In his earlier ideological developments, Wang Fuzhi adopted a staunchly critical approach to Catholicism, primarily from an ethical standpoint and through the lens of the Hua-Yi differentiation (hua yi zhi bian 华夷之辨). He perceived Catholicism as a doctrine of Yi 夷, lacking an understanding of the proper human place within relationships. Moreover, he pointed out that Catholicism was characterized by dogmatic adherence, in contrast to the Confucian emphasis on embodying the “mean” (Zhong 中) in practical terms. However, in his old age, Wang Fuzhi’s perspective underwent a subtle shift, spurred by the astronomical observations conducted by missionaries like Matteo Ricci. This shift prompted him to re-evaluate the Confucian concept of heaven and led him to assert that certain Catholic practices were essentially endeavors of “investigating things” (gewu 格物). This reinterpretation encouraged individuals to explore the significance of engaging with the external world—a facet often overlooked in the context of Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism. Wang Fuzhi embarked on an endeavor to integrate Catholicism into the Confucian framework. He identified select Catholic ideas that aligned with his own viewpoint and incorporated them into the doctrine of qi. Despite his lifelong dedication to Confucianism, the challenges posed by Catholicism and the activities of missionaries compelled him to reassess and, in some instances, embrace new ideas that deviated from his predecessors’ stance.

The long and winding road. The ideological evolution of the Italian radical left in the Second Republic: the case of Partito della Rifondazione Comunista

ABSTRACT This article analyses the ideological evolution of the Partito della Rifondazione Comunista (P.R.C.), the main representative of the radical left in Italy in the so-called Second Republic. The focus on the ideological nature of P.R.C. is justified because as a ‘purifying party’ the debates on the ideological nature of the party have played a crucial role in the process of defining party identity. In this sense, this article differentiates three main phases in the ideological evolution of the party. Finally, this analysis reinforces the notion that the ideological changes that the P.R.C. has undergone, in its constant redefinition of a neo-communist identity, are determined by its position vis-à-vis the political, historical, and cultural heritage of the Italian communist tradition embodied in the P.C.I.

An Innovative Discussion on Ideological and Political Education for College Students Based on Digital Mining

Abstract In this paper, a self-organized data mining model for college students’ ideological and political education is constructed. Firstly, a suitable input-output association set is specified to build the model, and then one or more are selected as the outer criterion to filter the model. The models of each layer are evaluated by the outer criterion, and the optimal complexity model is established by finding the model structure and the law of system operation through the selection of different models. Then unknown correlations between factors of ideological and political education were mined from the data samples, and the system variables were predicted and analyzed. Finally, the model is applied to analyze the effect of ideological education and the influencing factors of College A. The p-value of the degree of matching between education level and professional level is 0.456, and the education level will have a significant influence on ideological and political education. The research in this paper is important for the development of ideology and politics in colleges and universities.

US Higher education and fossil fuels: the limits of liberalism in university climate action

ABSTRACT US universities have positioned themselves in recent years as sites of progressive green action, cutting-edge research, and student-driven change. These universities have even been exported to wealthy oil-dependent states in the Arabian Peninsula under the guise of developing their societies away from fossil fuels through liberal education. These countries, however, have developed their national strategies within imperial relationships with Great Britain and then the United States, in part to uphold the prosperity of the West and its development of liberal democratic ideologies and institutions, of which higher education has played a central part. Drawing on research within US branch campuses in Qatar, and focusing specifically on Texas A&M Qatar, an engineering school that is a site of what we call ‘petro-education’, we trace how these US universities reproduce the fossil fuel industry’s operations. Bringing this research in conversation with scholarship that challenges the liberal mythologies of US higher education, we argue that US universities largely remain embedded in a broader agenda to reconcile the climate crisis with what appears to be a greener capitalism that extends fossil fuel extraction into the future.

Analysis of high quality collaborative development path of university civic education based on Rete’s pattern matching algorithm

Abstract The prerequisites for the separation of fuzzy sets for the assessment of ideological and political education in colleges are first looked at in this essay. Then the implementation of the quality evaluation algorithm is discussed, the factors associated with the system and the corresponding data are selected, then the theoretical domain of the data is defined, the set contained in the theoretical domain is calculated, and the final value of the non-fuzzy values is calculated by the nonfuzzification method. To get the evaluation findings, the evaluation method is then used to build a thorough evaluation factor set and evaluation set, choose the weight coefficients, and create the fuzzy connection matrix. The assessment method is then used to examine the existing state of political and ideological education, identify its challenges, and provide solutions for high-quality growth. In terms of regional development, the eastern area is ranked 0-6, the middle region −2 to 3, and the western region −2 to 2 in terms of ideological and political development. 80% of instructors agree that learning should incorporate the primary job of building moral education when it comes to growth approaches. 39% think that the curricular strategy needs to be improved. 54% of respondents think that teaching practices should be standardized in schools. 44% think that teaching strategies need to be improved. Based on the Rete pattern matching algorithm and fuzzy evaluation algorithm, it is important for the development and construction of college ideology and politics.

The Parable of the People's Faith and the Motive of the Crusade Fraternization in F.M. Dostoevsky's Novel "The Idiot".

The author studied the episode of fraternization by Myshkin and Rogozhin in several aspects: 1) as a specific literary transformation of folk’s legends about fraternization with Christ 2) both as the central episode of the novel’s plot and a reference to its final scene 3) ideologically as a spiritual unit between the protagonists and the Russian folk 4) as a symbolic description of internal contradictions of the Russian national character. The episode is closely connected with the preceding talk about belief in God, in whose course Myshkin refusing to directly answer if he believed in God, tells about his meetings with “common people” and arrives at a conclusion about the chaotic and enigmatic depths of the folk’s consciousness. This was the only discourse about religious belief in the whole Dostoevsky’s Pentateuch preceding “the Brothers Karamazov” which makes Myshkin conclude that religious belief can be obtained from Russian folk as a bearer of religious mission, notwithstanding the dark abyss in his soul. The conclusions based on the analysis lets us rethink and reconstruct Myshkin’s ideological evolution in the whole novel. The article traces Dostoevsky’s reliance on folk legends about fraternization with Christ. It is a pioneering research as it points to parallels with the novel’s final in terms of symbolic gestures, paradoxically completing the rite of exchanging crosses in the second chapter of the novel. Myshkin’s thoughts are proved in the next episode when Rogozhin attempts to kill Myshkin – which would have seemed impossible after the characters exchanged their crosses. Thus the imminent catastrophe outlined in the episode dooms the novel’s final, yet not in terms of religious belief and the author’s dependence on Russian folk.

Reproduction of Knowledge for Power: Critical Discourse Analysis of Scientific Articles and Speeches of Megeawati

The inauguration of Megawati Soekarnoputri as an honorary professor at the Defense University of the Republic of Indonesia became a topic of conversation among the public because this was the first time this had happened in Indonesia. Megawati wrote a scientific work entitled "President Megawati's Leadership in the Era of Multidimensional Crisis, 2001-2004" and gave a speech at her inauguration as Non-Permanent Professor. The two texts discuss the problems that occurred during the era of Megawati's leadership, policies to overcome problems, and the emergence of a model of "strategic leadership based on Pancasila". The leadership discourse formed by Megawati is interesting to discuss considering Megawati's position, who is the general chair of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), as well as chair of the Steering Committee of the Pancasila Ideology Development Agency (BPIP) and the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). This research uses a qualitative approach with a critical paradigm. The research method uses critical discourse analysis coined by Fairclough, where Megawati's scientific work and inauguration speech are reviewed from the perspective of text, discursive practice and social practice. Fuchs, Habermas, and Foucault's views on knowledge and power are used to help uncover discursive practices and their impact on social practice. Based on the results of the analysis, Megawati is building a positive image as an influential strategic leader to this day. The leadership model he initiated focuses on the leader's ability to influence others and pay attention to the role of the people in decision making. The knowledge that is built is Pancasila, which is the basis for every social activity which actually reduces its values to a controlled knowledge system. The impact that arises is that the state's control over individuals is increasingly tight, down to the cognitive level. When drawn to the momentum of the 2024 general election, leadership discourse was used to help Megawati and her group return to power.

Nigeria’s Female Educational Development Crises under Recessive Economy; The Way Forward

In any case, it is of relevance and worthy to note that for a proper understanding of the study entitled “Nigeria’s Female Educational Development Crises Under Recessive Economy; The way forward” it would be interesting to note that it is an intellectual attempt to highlight the meaning and examine the concept of “female education from gender point of view, purely for the liberation of women against the bondage of gender inequality. The subject matter of the write – up largely centers on the explored and examined obstacles militating against Girl-Child Education with reference to its situation in some Northern states in the 21stCentury.Both oral, published and unpublished sources were used in conducting the study. However, among the major causes of low level of enrolment and other impediments include, socio-economic, political and religious factors such as evolution of religious, economic and commercial ideologies of kidnapping, bargaining, ransom, activities of insurgencies, bandits, moral decadence, poverty, unemployment, failure of the parents and governments to reciprocate the gestures and unfortunate state of the parents and the Nigerian economies. The study found that it is very disheartening to highlight that fifteen Northern states are below average regarding the ratio of their girls in schools. The states are: Bauchi, Katsina, Benue, Jigawa, Adamawa, Niger, Sokoto and others, However, the study further shows that Katsina, Sokoto and Zamafara are as 23.6% of female enrolment. The international agencies, UK, Department for International Development in its commitment to support female education has as a result donated the sum of E25 million, Katsina, Sokoto, Benue, Borno, Niger and Jigawa are the beneficiaries, at the tail end, the study proffers the way forward

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING TERRORIST IDEOLOGY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: PROBLEMS OF COUNTERACTION AND PUNISHABILITY

The article deals with the problem of countering the terrorist ideology spread in the Russian Federation using digital technologies that have now reached the quality of artificial intelligence technologies. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals on countering and punishability of terrorist ideology in the Russian Federation, identifying essential features of its characteristics, analyzing interaction with extremist activity and the impact on these processes of development of information and digital technologies, and introducing amendments to the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation aimed at countering this ideology. Materials and methods. The research is based on the dialectical method of cognition. The research methods are: critical analysis, content analysis, systematic, formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal. The results of the study. The content and features of the spread of terrorist ideology in the Russian Federation, from the moment of a special military operation, are considered. The author analyzes the process of development of terrorist ideology interacting with extremist activity through the use of digital technologies, which is carried out on the basis of the help of special services and organizations of a number of foreign states, and at the same time Russian public (legal and prohibited) associations and individuals controlled by them are used. Terrorist and extremist ideologies presented in external sources create a symbiosis of interaction, which allows them to form appropriate motivation of various kinds. Conclusions. The author substantiates that the ideology of terrorism as a historically changeable, illegal system of views, opinions aimed at eliminating opponents by physical destruction, accompanied by intimidation, mental violence, etc., will spread through artificial intelligence technologies. The author identifies two main stages of the involvement of individuals in terrorist associations, and the subsequent version of their organizational genesis. The article suggests measures to improve the Russian criminal legislation aimed at countering the ideology of terrorism.

Weaponization of refugees: Why now?

The limited studies that focus on the weaponization of refugees typically emphasize how liberal democracies and states with restricted carrying capacity are vulnerable to this tactic. The declining number of liberal democracies globally, the Russian-Ukraine War demonstrating states’ true carrying capacities, and the tactic’s increasing prevalence, however, necessitate a closer examination of their causes. Technological and ideological developments, along with developments in warfare as a result of these changes, mean that the weaponization of refugees is likely to increase, not decrease, in the foreseeable future.

Thinking for Soul, Reforming to Empower, and Cooperating to Strengthen Foundation: Responding to Implementation of Educational Reform of Civics and Political Science with Fuzzy Theory Algorithm

INTRODUCTION: Against the background of the new period of casting souls in Civics, empowering reforms, and strengthening foundations through cooperation, it is necessary to put the educational concepts and strategies of the Party and the government into practice in the process of deepening the educational reform of Civics and Politics courses. OBJECTIVES: This paper starts from the practical feasibility of the work and the conditions of the course design, with clear objectives, optimizing the teaching content, innovating and improving the teaching mode, and gradually forming effective strategies and methods of educational thought and policy. METHODS: This work examines and synthesizes the challenges and strategies of ideological and political education reform in the contemporary era, employing fuzzy theory and algorithmic approaches. RESULTS: It is concluded that the reform of the ideological and political curriculum is not only suitable for the development of students but also for the development of an era. Therefore, it is necessary to retain the content of all new textbooks, pay attention to the inclusion of ideological and political content in all textbooks, and ensure that there are scientifically sound and appropriate teaching materials for all teaching materials in order to contribute to the development of curriculum ideology and politics effectively. CONCLUSION: In the implementation process, it is necessary to improve the comprehensive quality of ideological and political course teaching, establish a sound ideological and political teaching system, and set up a comprehensive construction and educational collaboration mechanism. A multifactor ideological and political learning platform has been created to promote closer integration and interaction between theoretical learning and value orientation.

The Arts of Antifascist Black Transnationalism during the Spanish Civil War

This article asserts the critical role of art and literature in the resistance against fascism by situating the aesthetic work of African Americans as central to the transnational phenomenon of the Spanish Civil War. This article highlights the prehistory to the African American support of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 when news of Benito Mussolini’s invasion of Ethiopia galvanized members of the Harlem Renaissance. These two conflicts triangulated the imaginaries of the United States, Spain, and Ethiopia, producing a distinct form of antifascist Black transnationalism that extends work by Brent Hayes Edwards, Robert F. Reid-Pharr, and Nadia Nurhussein. To manifest this argument, this article examines Paul Robeson’s speeches at rallies in London that he later reprinted in his autobiography Here I Stand (1958) and Claude McKay’s posthumously published novel Amiable with Big Teeth about 1936 Harlem. Using archival research, this article analyzes the collage aesthetic of the scrapbook that the activist Thyra J. Edwards compiled in 1937 to record the actions of the Negro People’s Committee to Aid Spain. In sum, this article demonstrates the integral role of African American visual culture and literature to the development of twentieth-century antifascist ideology within a transnational perspective.

New Education Policy 2020: Evolution, Key Milestones, and Prominent Features

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a significant shift in the Indian education system, aiming to transform it to meet the evolving needs of the 21st century. This study explores the NEP 2020, tracing its roots from previous educational policies, and highlights its provisions, with a specific focus on School Education, including the establishment of Cluster Schools. Additionally, it examines the Standard Setting and Accreditation of schools (SSSA) as a key aspect of the NEP 2020, discussing its implications and provisions. The study begins by analysing the historical context of the NEP 2020, comparing it with previous educational policies to identify the evolution of key principles and ideologies. It identifies the NEP 2020 as a comprehensive and transformative policy framework designed to address the multidimensional challenges faced by the Indian education system. One of the significant provisions of the NEP 2020 in the area of School Education is the establishment of Cluster Schools. These schools aim to promote collaborative learning, resource sharing, and increased efficiency by clustering multiple schools under a common administrative and academic framework. The study explores the concept of Cluster Schools, delves into their benefits, challenges, and potential implementation strategies, and provides relevant state examples that have successfully implemented this model. Furthermore, the study investigates the Standard Setting and Accreditation of schools (SSSA) as a vital component of the NEP 2020. SSSA is envisioned to ensure quality education by setting standards, evaluating schools, and promoting continuous improvement. The research examines the provisions and guidelines related to SSSA, discussing the impact on school infrastructure, curriculum development, teacher training, and assessment practices.

中国现当代美术教育思想的传承和发展

Aesthetic education is an important part of the cultural quality of a nation and a country, and to some extent determines the overall aesthetic level of the people. Therefore, from this perspective, the requirements for the development of art education ideology and planning are particularly important, and also put forward new requirements. With the rapid development of our social and economic ability and level, people pay more and more attention to the cultivation of personal aesthetic cultivation, as well as to cultivate and enhance the next generation's aesthetic feeling and cognition through fine arts education. Therefore, the development of fine arts education as a whole presents a trend of gradual integration and diversification. It is very important and necessary for the inheritance and development of Chinese art education thoughts to train the next generation to have better art appreciation and aesthetic ability, and it is also a great challenge for the inheritance and development of art education thoughts. From the perspective of the necessity of inheriting and developing China's modern and contemporary art education thoughts, this paper analyzes China's modern and contemporary art education thoughts on the basis of the study of the history of art education. At the same time, it expounds the main inheritance and development trajectory of Chinese art education thoughts in different periods, and explores and studies some problems existing in the current art education mode. In order to find the shortcomings in the implementation of fine art education, constantly summarize and explore the ideological origin of fine art education to keep pace with The Times, and gradually explore a suitable for the development of modern and contemporary fine art education under the environment.

Gender ideologies across the transition to adulthood in Germany: How early romantic relationships slow down the egalitarian trend

This study explores the development of gender ideologies across adolescence and the transition to adulthood in Germany and investigates the relevance of first romantic relationship experiences in shaping gender beliefs. Integrating the life course perspective with the theoretical framework of gender as a social structure and psychological theories, we extend the literature by following adolescents from age 15 to about age 20 across the transition to adulthood and by differentiating between young women and men from different immigrant and non-immigrant backgrounds, who may be affected differently by gender-related expectations. Using the representative and ethnically diverse German sample of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries, we conducted fixed-effects regression analyses (n = 1474). First, our findings show that young people become increasingly egalitarian during adolescence, irrespective of gender and immigrant origin. Second, for young women, romantic relationship experiences of moderate and longer durations are significantly associated with slower increases in egalitarianism. For most young men, romantic relationship experiences do not affect their gender ideologies. One exception is the group of Turkish-origin men, who change their gender ideologies less towards egalitarianism with increasing relationship durations than other groups of young men. The findings suggest that, especially for young women, early romantic relationships may be crucial in shaping their gender beliefs, which subsequently predict important educational, occupational, and family choices.

ECONOMIC IDEOLOGY AS AN INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE CHANGE PROCESS

Economic ideology establishes a unified, standardised approach to assessing the state and prospects of the economic reality of the state. Accordingly, economic ideology can be defined as a conceptual design of a system of ideas, principles and regulations, individual views that can guide the process of socio-economic change, shape appropriate actions and interactions in the economic sphere and give a value assessment of the phenomena and processes of society in this direction. Ideology is emerging as an independent social phenomenon that requires not only proper study, but also the realisation of the opportunities it offers in everyday human life, the functioning of state and local governments, and the political and legal support of the process of social change in Ukrainian society. The subject of the study is economic ideology, its construction, content, types and place in the national ideology. The authors attempt to formulate the main parameters of economic ideology as a substantive component of the economic process and to propose a holistic system of using economic ideology to overcome crisis tendencies in the state. The methodological foundation of the study is based on the general principles of scientific knowledge: the principle of objectivity, which requires the identification of all factors and conditions determining the formation and development of economic ideology; the principle of historicism, which provides for the coverage of the development of systemic reforms in their historical context; the principle of multifactoriality, as the study of various objective and subjective factors influencing the formation, functioning and development of economic ideology. The paper uses such general scientific methods as description, observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis to understand ideology in the context of stabilising Ukraine's socio-economic development. The study of such a phenomenon as ideology has made it possible to identify several basic concepts that are actively used today by every scientific school of modern economics: economic ideology, certain types of economic ideology, and economic policy. The authors analyse certain types of economic ideology from the point of view of their historical formation, relevance, efficiency and prospects of application. Special attention is paid to the latest trends in economic theory. It is noted that today it is difficult to draw clear boundaries between the economic theories and models used to form the economic ideology of the state and those used by governments to achieve their goals. All of them are united by the common task of ensuring stable and uniform economic growth. In other words, the effectiveness of the tools of each economic ideology in one country will not always lead to similar results in another, so the feasibility of their implementation should be determined based on the macroeconomic situation of each country. At the same time, the economic ideology has a state-building character and is intended to combine the process of active state and national development in a single systemic model, in which the state is assigned one of the responsible roles. Results. Economic ideology is an integral part of the transformation of social relations, an important factor in the formation of the state economic system in the context of globalisation and European integration. The modernisation of the political and economic system of society and the development of civil society are impossible without the introduction of the latest economic ideology. Therefore, the inclusion of ideology in the list of central economic categories and its study as such, according to the authors, creates preconditions for understanding and solving many socio-economic problems that arise in society. Based on the study, the authors believe that the use of economic ideology to overcome the crisis phenomena of modern society is associated with the implementation of such areas as the formation of a theoretical ideological construct (model); selection of a consolidating socio-economic idea and filling each component of the defined construct (model) with content; development of economic programmes at the level of public administration, in accordance with the conceptual construct (model) of economic ideology.

Perception Index of Muhammadiyah Ideology: A Survey on Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan Values and Understandings

This study aimed to investigate the perception index of lecturers at Ahmad Dahlan University (UAD), a part of Muhammadiyah Higher Education (PTM), regarding the Muhammadiyah ideology. The scope of the ideology includes the Statutes of Muhammadiyah (MADM), Muhammadiyah characteristics, and Muhammadiyah's Beliefs and Ideals of Life (MKCHM). This study utilized a quantitative research method, specifically the f-type descriptive survey. The population of this study comprised all UAD lecturers, totalling approximately 900 individuals, with a sample size of 300 respondents. The sampling technique employed was probability sampling, precisely proportionate stratified random sampling. The results indicated that UAD lecturers' understanding of the ideology fell within the moderate category, with an average value of 70% among the total sample of 132 lecturers. Meanwhile, the ideological understanding map revealed a medium type, with Muhammadiyah characteristics scoring 74%, MADM ideology scoring 68%, and MKCHM ideology scoring 70%. The research's implications serve as the foundation for ideological development among lecturers, program development, and the enhancement of the AIK curriculum at UAD in general, as well as for the curriculum of the Master of Islamic Education study program.

Türkiye Ekonomisinin Kalkınma Patikasının Tarihsel Değişim Çizgisine Eleştirel Bir Bakış: Devletçi Kalkınmadan Devlet Kapitalizmci Kalkınmaya

In the study, the transformation elements are disputed that emerged in the context of the development of ideology and politics from the period of the establishment of the Republic of Turkey to the present. It is aimed to present some theoretical devices on which development discourses and policies in Turkey came into view as a result of the original historical-social-economic-political-cultural-institutional-ideological features. The different periods of Turkey's development story, the development discourses they built, and the portraits of their dynamics contributed to grasping the subject matter. In all these contexts, it is thought that the transformation in the Turkish economy's development policies has followed since its foundation divulges a condition that has evolved from statist development to state capitalist development.

Reactualization of the Ideology of Pancasila in the Globalization

Pancasila as an Open Ideology carries the meaning that it is capable of adapting to the changing times. The fundamental values of Pancasila, which are inherent in the Pancasila ideology, must be firmly held and cannot be altered. The openness pertains to the implementation's elaboration, which can be adjusted to the needs and real challenges faced by the Indonesian nation in each period. This study aims to understand the development of the Pancasila ideology in the era of globalization. The method used in this research is normative juridical research. The results of the study show that globalization cannot be avoided, but the Indonesian nation must take action, establish a determination to build independence with the spirit of modernization in the global era, while still adhering firmly to the Pancasila ideology.

The Innovative Development of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities under the Background of Internet

The Innovative Development of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities under the Background of Internet