Mean Theory Research Articles

Natural law and unwritten law in Classical Greek thought

AbstractIt is a common mistake of contemporary natural law scholarship to overestimate the ancient Greeks' contribution to a meaningful theory of natural law and to mistake an appeal to unwritten law with natural law's criteria for normative validity. This paper was designed to elaborate on two interrelated queries. On the one hand, it labours to reconstruct the ancient Greeks' understanding of a hierarchy of law, which is answered in the affirmative. On the other hand, the paper inquires whether there existed any meaningful sense of natural law in the Classical period, to which question the Archytean nexus of law and natural justice is offered as a palpable compromise.

Quantifying the scientist–practitioner gap: How do small business owners react to our academic articles?

Abstract Much ink has been spilled on the scientist–practitioner gap, that is, the apparent divide between knowledge published in academic peer-reviewed journals and the actual business practices employed in modern organizations. Most prior papers have advanced meaningful theories on why the gap exists, ranging from poor communication skills on the part of academics to paywalls and other obstacles preventing the public from accessing research in industrial-organizational psychology (I-O). However, very few papers on the scientist–practitioner gap have taken an empirical approach to better understand why the gap exists and what can be done about it. In our focal article, we specifically discuss the gap as it pertains to small businesses and present empirical data on the topic. Drawing from our experiences working with and in small businesses before entering a PhD program, we suggest that a primary reason for the existence of this gap is the differences between large and small businesses, and we advance two theory-driven reasons for why this is the case. Next, we compiled abstracts and practical implications sections from articles published in top I-O journals in the past 5 years, then we collected ratings and open-ended text responses from subject matter experts (i.e., small business owners and managers) in reaction to reading these sections. We close by recommending several potential perspectives, both for and against our arguments, that peer commentators can take in their responses to our focal article.

Contesting social responsibilities of business: Centring context, experience, and relationality

This introduction, and the special issue on ‘Contesting social responsibilities of business: Experiences in context’ it frames, addresses the neglected question of the experience of contestation in the terrain of the social responsibilities of business. It re-conceptualises the social responsibilities of business by advancing research grounded in a relational perspective, exploring and highlighting different forms of contestation of these social responsibilities, and centring the role of context by focusing especially on contestation in overlooked geographical settings and sites of marginalisation. Contextualising contestation in this way centres silenced and/or ignored voices, generates meaningful theory, and offers an innovative critical lens on business–society relations.

Миграция и правовое регулирование финансовых потоков в Российской Федерации: вызовы и перспективы

This paper focuses on theoretical perspectives on international migration. Accordingly, an overview of international migration is presented at the beginning. This is followed by types of international migration and theories of migration. Particular attention is given to theoretical perspectives on international migration and theories of migration. In addition, the shortcomings of migration theories are discussed. Considering international migration as a political phenomenon is the only way to give hope for an objective comprehension of the peculiarities and perspectives of the functioning and evolution of political institutions and processes in different countries. Such a formulation of the problem creates conditions for overcoming scientific conservatism in political science, which creates serious obstacles to the systematic construction of a meaningful theory of the political life of mankind in the era of globalization. The purpose of the work is to consider modern international migration as a political and economic phenomenon.

The green path to space sustainability: Twenty years of research

The outer space environment is in a critical circumstance. This can cause severe impact on humanity. The main issue is an increasing space debris population in Earth’s orbit. To ensure the long-term sustainability of outer space activities, the relevant stakeholders need to collaborate with each other to solve challenging issues and find meaningful solutions. This article aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to provide information and insights to guide the alignment of all stakeholders towards space sustainability in the context of near-Earth outer space. The software VOSviewer is chosen to analyse the selected 205 journal articles from Scopus database during 2003–22. The results show the publication trends, the leading sources of publications and the country collaboration network. The discussion based on the selected articles can inform emerging theories that can underpin the development of the space sustainability concept. In conclusion, this analysis reveals the current scientific research and proposes meaningful theories for further research and recommendations.

Negotiating oil and gas resource ownership for equitable sharing: A problematization approach and evidence from India

Previous studied shown a less focus on assumptions underlying established theories. However, this claim found as a gaps in the extant literature. We argue that through gap spotting reinforces rather than challenges the assumptions and, actually reduces the chance of producing a good theories, thus, first, we use critical review analysis of resource ownership; in addition draw a proposition how to formulate research questions using a problematization. Based on this, we build up a country level –decision making model, presented it in three scenarios, and based on a comprehensive list of factors (criteria). The findings from different scenario suggest that critical analysis facilitates meaningful theory, draws research questions, and helps in building the country level model. Our model offers several theoretical contributions, first to explore the importance of resource ownership in facilitating O&G resource ownership; later how theoretical contribution can be demonstrated in O&G industry, especially in developing countries.

LAURICELLA HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTIONS, UNIPOTENT FUNDAMENTAL GROUPS OF THE PUNCTURED RIEMANN SPHERE, AND THEIR MOTIVIC COACTIONS

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to raise the possibility that there exists a meaningful theory of ‘motives’ associated with certain hypergeometric integrals, viewed as functions of their parameters. It goes beyond the classical theory of motives, but should be compatible with it. Such a theory would explain a recent and surprising conjecture arising in the context of scattering amplitudes for a motivic Galois group action on Gauss’s ${}_2F_1$ hypergeometric function, which we prove in this paper by direct means. More generally, we consider Lauricella hypergeometric functions and show, on the one hand, how the coefficients in their Taylor expansions can be promoted, via the theory of motivic fundamental groups, to motivic multiple polylogarithms. The latter are periods of ordinary motives and admit an action of the usual motivic Galois group, which we call the local action. On the other hand, we define lifts of the full Lauricella functions as matrix coefficients in a Tannakian category of twisted cohomology, which inherit an action of the corresponding Tannaka group. We call this the global action. We prove that these two actions, local and global, are compatible with each other, even though they are defined in completely different ways. The main technical tool is to prove that metabelian quotients of generalised Drinfeld associators on the punctured Riemann sphere are hypergeometric functions. We also study single-valued versions of these hypergeometric functions, which may be of independent interest.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas X IPS 3 SMAN 6 Padang

This research is motivated by the low interest in learning of students in sociology at SMA N 6 Padang. The purpose of this study is to analyze the increase in students' interest in learning sociology in class X IPS 3 SMA N 6 Padang through the application of the make a match type of cooperative learning model. The method used in conducting this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with the aim of improving problems in the classroom. This study uses a design from Kemmis and McTaggart, namely the determination of the focus of the problem, action planning, observation/observation and data collection, and reflection. The sample in this study was 35 students of class X IPS 3 at SMA N 6 Padang. The data from this study were collected from observation sheets, questionnaires and interviews which were analyzed using quantitative analysis techniques taken from observation data and questionnaires while qualitative analysis techniques were from interview data. The theory used to analyze this research is the meaningful theory proposed by David Ausubel. During the second cycle, there were 4 meetings with social research material. The results showed that the percentage of observation of students' interest in learning in the first cycle was 40.17% while in the second cycle it was 87.13%. The results of the interest in learning questionnaire before taking the student's interest in learning were 30.09%, after the action the results of the interest in learning questionnaire were 91.57%. After the action, the results of the interview showed that after the learning was carried out by applying the make a match type of learning model students' interest in learning.

Analisis penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran daring pendukung prestasi belajar siswa sekolah dasar di masa pandemi

<p class="Abstract">This research to describe the use of applications that are used when online learning as a supporter of student achievement, learning processes and obstacles experienced. The method used is descriptive qualitative, case study approach. The research subjects were teachers and students of grades IV, V, and VI SD Angkasa Colomadu, collecting data through questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation. Validity technique with technique triangulation and source triangulation. The data obtained is then analyzed from three components, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that applications as learning resources and media are implemented in the learning process according to SE No. 15 of 2020, Ausubel's theory of meaningfulness, learning characteristics and principles, this makes evidence of learning achievement in Semester 1 PTS scores of the majority of students above the KKM and non-academic school activities.Applications commonly used are Whatsapp, Youtube, Google Meet and Zoom for communication and explaining material, as well as Google Classroom, Google Form and Quizizz used to work on evaluation questions. Barriers to application use are in the form of signals and quotas. It is concluded that the use of learning applications with the process is appropriate and supports learning.</p>

Relative entropic uncertainty relation for scalar quantum fields

Entropic uncertainty is a well-known concept to formulate uncertainty relations for continuous variable quantum systems with finitely many degrees of freedom. Typically, the bounds of such relations scale with the number of oscillator modes, preventing a straight-forward generalization to quantum field theories. In this work, we overcome this difficulty by introducing the notion of a functional relative entropy and show that it has a meaningful field theory limit. We present the first entropic uncertainty relation for a scalar quantum field theory and exemplify its behavior by considering few particle excitations and the thermal state. Also, we show that the relation implies the multidimensional Heisenberg uncertainty relation.

Expanding horizons of cross-linguistic research on reading: The Multilingual Eye-movement Corpus (MECO).

Scientific studies of language behavior need to grapple with a large diversity of languages in the world and, for reading, a further variability in writing systems. Yet, the ability to form meaningful theories of reading is contingent on the availability of cross-linguistic behavioral data. This paper offers new insights into aspects of reading behavior that are shared and those that vary systematically across languages through an investigation of eye-tracking data from 13 languages recorded during text reading. We begin with reporting a bibliometric analysis of eye-tracking studies showing that the current empirical base is insufficient for cross-linguistic comparisons. We respond to this empirical lacuna by presenting the Multilingual Eye-Movement Corpus (MECO), the product of an international multi-lab collaboration. We examine which behavioral indices differentiate between reading in written languages, and which measures are stable across languages. One of the findings is that readers of different languages vary considerably in their skipping rate (i.e., the likelihood of not fixating on a word even once) and that this variability is explained by cross-linguistic differences in word length distributions. In contrast, if readers do not skip a word, they tend to spend a similar average time viewing it. We outline the implications of these findings for theories of reading. We also describe prospective uses of the publicly available MECO data, and its further development plans.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.3758/s13428-021-01772-6.

Street Level Bureaucracy, Casework and Justice

Most contemporary justice theories focus on the basic structure of society but pay relatively little attention to the implementation of laws and policies at the street-level. As agents of the basic structure, social caseworkers and street-level bureaucrats are, however, potentially in a unique position in the fight to deliver justice at the coalface of social inequality. Introducing a paradigm of ‘Justice as Action’, we explore how street-level bureaucrats can work with both citizen-clients and, indeed, political philosophers, to promote justice. Although the Justice as Action paradigm does not involve entirely abandoning ideal justice theories, we show how it provides a potential method for paying heed to the objections of political realists about the need to direct attention to the concerns of people ‘now and around here’ if we are to produce both meaningful political theory and meaningful political action. Our conclusion is that it is essential for front-line workers and street-level bureaucrats and political theorists to have more conversations with one another than they currently do in order to advance their shared cause.

Напрями діагностики мотивації управлінського персоналу відповідно до сучасних теорій мотивації

The article is aimed at studying the regularities of labor behavior of the individual and determining the directions for diagnosing the motivation of employees of different levels of management. The article analyzes contemporary theories of motivation: meaningful, process and field theories. The regularities of theories of motivation are determined and directions of diagnostics of personnel motivation are proposed in accordance with the identified patterns. According to meaningful theory of motivation, a person’s behavior is determined by his unmet needs; according to the process theory – one’s expectations and subjective assessments related to a particular situation and the possible consequences of its chosen type of behavior; according to the field theory – one’s personal characteristics and environmental factors (organizational culture, social environment). In this regard, the diagnostic instrumentarium for motivating staff should ensure that information about the list of needs and their hierarchy is obtained; subjective valuations of employees as to the significance and fairness of remuneration, its compliance with the efforts spent, the complexity of work, etc., further the motivational impact of organizational culture and leadership on the labor behavior of personnel be determined. The expediency of using the «Motivational Profile» questionnaire by S. Ritchie and P. Martin to determine the actual needs of the staff is substantiated; an authors’ own questionnaire was developed to obtain assessments of managers regarding the factors of motivation, as identified in the process theories of motivation and theories of the «field». The application of the «Motivational Profile» allows to determine the most significant factors of staff motivation, including the following: material encouragement, recognition, interesting and useful work, self-improvement and the desire for achievements. The authors’ questionnaire made it possible to identify the relationship between effort, result and reward. The results of the performed questionnaire survey of employees show that the system of remuneration of personnel is outdated, labor contributions significantly exceed the remuneration received, the social environment ambiguously affects their motivation. The obtained results helped to determine the problem areas in the motivation of managers, which in the future will allow to form an effective mechanism for motivating management personnel.

On Durable-strategies Dynamic Game Theory

An empirically meaningful theory of dynamic games has to incorporate real-life phenomena. Durable strategies, which effects last for a period of time, are prevalent in real-life situations. Revenue generating investments, toxic waste disposal and purchase of durable goods are common examples of durable strategies. This paper first provides a review on durable-strategies dynamic game theory. A practically relevant advancement - random horizon durable-strategies dynamic games - yielding novel results in durable-strategies dynamic games theory is then presented. Dynamic optimization theorem, game formulations and HJB equations are derived. An illustrative example is provided. The theory and solution mechanism of durable-strategies cooperative dynamic games are also discussed.

On metrization of the functor of idempotent probability measures

In idempotent mathematics, an analogue of a probability measure on a compactum X is a normed functional µ : C(X) → R, linear with respect to idempotent arithmetic operations. For ordinary probability measures, a meaningful theory of quantization has long been available, which has a wide range of applications (quantization of a measure is called its approximation by measures with finite supports). The question naturally arises of constructing a similar theory for idempotent probability measures. Quantization presupposes the presence of a metric on the space I(X) of idempotent probability measures, compatible with the topology and defining a metrization of the functor I of idempotent measures sensu V. V. Fedorchuk. A version of the metric on the space I(X) was defined in a joint paper by L. Bazilevich, D. Repovs, and M. Zarichnyi when proving that this space is homeomorphic to the Hilbert cube for any infinite metric compactum X. However, the structure of the metric of Bazilevich et al. is too complicated for it to be used for estimating approximations. In this paper, we propose a modified version of the metrization of the functor I, which is more convenient for constructing a theory of quantization of idempotent probability measures.

Nonequilibrium quantum free energy and effective temperature, generating functional, and influence action

A definition of nonequilibrium free energy $\mathcal{F}_{\textsc{s}}$ is proposed for dynamical Gaussian quantum open systems strongly coupled to a heat bath and a formal derivation is provided by way of the generating functional in terms of the coarse-grained effective action and the influence action. For Gaussian open quantum systems exemplified by the quantum Brownian motion model studied here, a time-varying effective temperature can be introduced in a natural way, and with it, the nonequilibrium free energy $\mathcal{F}_{\textsc{s}}$, von Neumann entropy $\mathcal{S}_{vN}$ and internal energy $\mathcal{U}_{\textsc{s}}$ of the reduced system ($S$) can be defined accordingly. In contrast to the nonequilibrium free energy found in the literature which references the bath temperature, the nonequilibrium thermodynamic functions we find here obey the familiar relation $\mathcal{F}_{\textsc{s}}(t)=\mathcal{U}_{\textsc{s}}(t)- T_{\textsc{eff}} (t)\,\mathcal{S}_{vN}(t)$ {\it at any and all moments of time} in the system's fully nonequilibrium evolution history. After the system equilibrates they coincide, in the weak coupling limit, with their counterparts in conventional equilibrium thermodynamics. Since the effective temperature captures both the state of the system and its interaction with the bath, upon the system's equilibration, it approaches a value slightly higher than the initial bath temperature. Notably, it remains nonzero for a zero-temperature bath, signaling the existence of system-bath entanglement. Reasonably, at high bath temperatures and under ultra-weak couplings, it becomes indistinguishable from the bath temperature. The nonequilibrium thermodynamic functions and relations discovered here for dynamical Gaussian quantum systems should open up useful pathways toward establishing meaningful theories of nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics.

APPLICATION OF FANZINES IN A CLASSROOM AS A PEDAGOGICAL RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL LEARNING IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID

The following manuscript approaches the use of fanzines as a didactic teaching resource in geography classes in a 9th-grade class. The main objective was to verify the performance of the fanzine as a teaching and learning resource in the classroom in geography classes in the search for the process of knowledge construction. The research has a basis on the assumption that fanzines could make learning more enjoyable, fun, playful, and, therefore, more significant in terms of school learning. It took place at the Waldemar Barroso Municipal School for child and elementary education in Fortaleza/Ceará. The research included the applicability, production, and construction of fanzines by 9th-grade students, based on their perception of the geographic theme environment and globalization. With this, it is noticeable how meaningful theory is with the application of practice and approximation with reality from the students' point of view regarding the subject. Besides, the collected information about the issue served to count the distribution of perception of students in fanzines with the purpose of learning analytics. As a result, the work awakened participation, motivation, and the perception of seeing the world through the students' vision, providing more significant learning, more attractive and greater participation, and school performance of the students in the classroom.

ДО ПИТАННЯ СУТНОСТІ ТА ЗМІСТУ МОТИВАЦІЇ НОВИХ ЧЛЕНІВ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ГРУПИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД

The concept of motivation is considered as a process of complex influence on personality behavior in order to achieve the set goals. It was established that the promising direction of motivation of new members of the professional group is the organization and development of teamwork and the formation of teamtargeted motivation. In this regard, the content of the definitions of the team, team work, professional group is disclosed, based on the analysis in which the main stages of team development are revealed. The prerequisites for effective teamwork are defined. Motivation as a driving force and one of the priority functions of management is considered. It is proved that peculiarities of professional group development determine ways and directions of motivation of its members. The peculiarities of the motivational process of the team were clarified and the problem of the ratio of motivation and goals was revealed. A generalized understanding of the phenomenon of synergistic effect, which consists in increasing the efficiency of activities as a result of integration, is presented. The main theories of motivation in groups are analyzed: meaningful theories of motivation, which are based on the identification of internal motives that force a person to act like this and not otherwise (twofactor theory by F. Herzberg, theory of acquired needs by D. Mack Clelland, theory of Maslow hierarchy of needs, theory of needs by ERG K. Alderfer) and procedural theories that analyze people’s behavior regarding the distribution of effort to achieve different goals and choose a specific type of behavior aimed at meeting needs (justice theory by J. Adams, expectation theory by V. Vrum, Porter-Lawler model, theory X, Y D. McGregor, theory Z (participative management) by V. Ouchi).

ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ЯК ДЕТЕРМІНАНТНО-МОТИВАЦІЙНА ОСНОВА БІЗНЕС-МОДЕЛІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article examines the contemporary issues of enhancing management processes and building an effective business model for enterprises. In particular, it is argued that in modern economic realia, human resources potential has not become of paramount importance as evidenced by its slow positive development dynamics, the lack of effective motivational vector perspectives, focus to a certain comfort level or indicators of happiness, etc. The findings have revealed that most of modern innovative research studies basically refer to boosting the digitalization process, thus reducing the role and significance of a human. However, in a specific time period, effective development of digital technologies and facilitation of management process intellectualization are greatly affected by the availability of human resources potential. The study asserts that an effective motivation system is a fundamental basis for designing an enterprise business model able to enhance its competitiveness. Apparently, it is noted that the majority of Ukrainian industrial enterprises lack or have poorly defined adequate mechanisms for developing an effective motivation system to respond to modern challenges which provides implications for further research. This study also presents an in-depth analysis of meaningful theories of employee motivation and explores the domestic and global employee motivation practices. The authors suggest a motivational mechanism of developing and utilizing collective intelligence to ensure holistic development of enterprises based on a human-centered approach and effective management decisions on building and implementing the benefits of collective intelligence which will give an impetus to balanced managerial effects by using a range of organizational, economic and social tools as the drivers for creating effective business models in competitive markets, and which will lay the basis for the reproduction process at all levels in the context of managing holistic development of enterprises. It is argued that the current incentive systems used at domestic enterprises in Ukraine do not meet international trends and best practice. Thus, a conclusion has been made that Ukrainian industrial enterprises should design a relevant system of values, consider their personnel needs, motivate their staff, and find individual approaches to each employee. All the above will ultimately contribute to management process intellectualization as a determinant and a motivational framework for building an enterprise business model.

The contribution of theory to an ethnographic case study on interprofessional placements in healthcare education

ABSTRACT Theoretical frameworks add depth to research and increase the transferability of findings. Unfortunately, theory application within interprofessional research is often ad hoc, superficial and poorly reported. Consequently, there are limited examples for researchers in the field to draw on when selecting and applying theory. In this paper, we explore how a suite of sociomaterial, and sociological theories were selected to guide an ethnographic case study about interprofessional placements. Theory supported development of nuanced data collection tools. This facilitated comprehensive exploration of the factors impacting interprofessional placements, beyond those immediately visible. The use of a combination of theories was well suited to this complex phenomenon. We recommend research methodology training aims to develop researcher facility with theory and more consistent consideration of theory in reporting and quality appraisal tools. This may support more meaningful theory application, generating findings with deeply embedded theoretical foundations in interprofessional research.