Theoretical Essay Research Articles

Rethinking Content and Form: Brief Arguments in Favor of Understanding Social Management as a School of Thought

Objetive: to discuss the possibility of understanding Social Management (SM) as a school of thought and suggest the criteria for such an endeavor. Theoretical framework: the SM has been portrayed in the last 30 years of theoretical-conceptual construction, under different forms of explanation. Called theory, approach and managerial practice, the SM has been a rich field of discussion and collective construction, precisely because of its theoretical-conceptual flexibility. Methodology: this work is a theoretical essay that systematically addressed the relevant scientific literature, prior to its construction. Results: in this work, we suggest three criteria that allow us to understand SM as a school of thought, but which is not based on the criteria defined by other areas of specialization that, in general, are antagonistic to the assumptions of SM: i) coexistence of parallel theoretical-conceptuals positions, but which synergistically, seek to encompass the specificities of Brazilian social reality; ii) flexible existence structure, not linked only to an organization, grouping or collective, but which provides opportunities for its institutionalization, for its permanence and development; iii) the existence of a vibrant community of researchers, who seek to actively collaborate with the work of others, who encourage debate and who respect divergent positions, so that the area develops as a whole. Originality: works that seek to contribute theoretically to SM are not rare. However, this work differentiates itself by circumventing the epistemological limitations of rigid frameworks, proposing SM as a school of thought that encompasses different “truths”, proposed by researchers who are concerned with the Brazilian reality. Theoretical contributions: this work contributes theoretically to the area of ​​knowledge of SM, by proposing a new approach, previously never observed in the scientific literature.

Haitian Immigrants and the Coronavirus Pandemic in Brazil

Social and environmental epidemiology recognizes that analyzing the social and living contexts in which populations are embedded is essential for broadening our understanding of health and disease processes, as well as improving research on disease distribution. This theoretical essay aims to discuss the repercussions and challenges faced by the Haitian population received in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on a review of the literature and discussions occurred in the Socio-Environmental Epidemiology class of the Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences in a university in southern Brazil. Given the precarious conditions in which Haitian immigrants live in Brazil and the impact on their health, this essay highlights that the vulnerabilities already present in this population were exacerbated during the pandemic, further worsening their living conditions and health status. Haitian immigrants appear to have experienced the effects of the pandemic more intensely due to intersectional factors, particularly their immigrant status combined with socioeconomic difficulties. This underscores the urgent need for public policies aimed at reducing the inequalities affecting this population, ensuring their effective integration into Brazilian society through improved access to quality employment, housing, food, income, and healthcare services.

Aging and Relationships Between Age Groups in the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT This theoretical essay examines the relationships between age groups in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, a period of high uncertainty. We integrate in a complementary fashion the contributions of sociocultural psychology and sociology, enabling a socio-historical-cultural analysis of discourses on older people across ecological layers and amidst a temporal tension between continuity and discontinuity. Empirically, we conclude from analyzing meme actions of greater control and supervision over older people that socially they have been reduced to a risk group and stigmatized, while the youngest were considered immune to COVID-19. We state that the addition of the health crisis to other crises and historical social inequalities amplified the existing problems. We also propose that the temporal continuity associated with the social notion of a risk group has reedited and deepened disputes between the youngest and the oldest, challenging intergenerational solidarity in Brazil.

Reappraising Pasinetti: Proportions, Prices and Economic Planning

ABSTRACT In the introduction to Structural Change and Economic Growth (1981), Luigi Pasinetti describes the birth of Marginalist economic theory as a reaction to Karl Marx’s political ideas — ‘the powers of old Europe [entering] into a holy alliance to exorcise [the] spectre’ of communism (Marx and Engels [1992]. Communist Manifesto. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 29). In fact, the publication of Das Kapital came right after the birth in London of the First Socialist International (1864); European elites had to find a way to dispute Marx’s theory on an academic ground in order to belittle his political arguments: ‘If only one could find an economic theory that made no reference to labour, no reference to means of production, possibly even to production itself … that would surely be the sort of thing that a frightened Establishment could not but most warmly welcome. Marginal utility theory provided precisely that’ (Pasinetti [1981]. Structural Change and Economic Growth. A Theoretical Essay on the Dynamics of the Wealth of Nations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 13). Criticizing the dominant theory, as both Sraffa and Pasinetti did, means criticizing and rejecting its political foundations. The aim of this article is to highlight the political consequences of Pasinetti’s approach and to show how its theoretical apparatus demonstrates the necessity of economic planning and collective control of the means of production.

THE SCIENTIFIC STATUS OF THE FAMILY CONSTELLATION: a multicriteria analysis in the light of Hansson

The family constellation quickly became popular in the public arena in recent years. In this diffusion process, it attracted numerous followers as well as a series of critics, who began to describe it as scientifically fragile and ethically controversial. In the field of the philosophy of science, attempts to define the essential characteristics of science were met with skepticism for some years but have been reconsidered in recent works. In this context, the general aim of this essay is to evaluate the scientific nature of family constellation with the support of philosopher Sven Ove Hansson's work. To do so, the authors developed a theoretical essay, analyzing the family constellation in light of three criteria from Hansson's multi-criteria list, namely: i) belief in authority; ii) non-reproducible experiments; and iii) disdain for refuting information. In the end, it was found that Family Constellation presents significant epistemic limitations. It is noted that the proponents of this doctrine often revere Hellinger's authority, uncritically accepting his statements as true; (ii) the studies used to support this practice are not replicable, and (iii) many of the claims in Hellinger's work, as well as those propagated by his successors, do not align with evidence from other fields. This work exposes the limitations of Family Constellation and may serve as a reference for interested readers to equip themselves and stay informed about the topic in question. It is hoped that future investigations will cover other potentially pseudoscientific practices and dedicate themselves to exploring their concrete effects on those exposed to them.

New Public Management, institutional theory and changes in public accounting: a theoretical essay

New Public Management, institutional theory and changes in public accounting: a theoretical essay

Mrštík’s Paní Urbanová (Mrs Urbanová): the theoretical foundations of realism in dramatic practice

Vilém Mrštík wrote his dramatic debut Paní Urbanová at a time of polemics over realism in which he participated intensively. Of major significance is his essay O realismu v dramatickém umění (1887) in which he defines the key principles of realistic drama. The article thus considers both Mrštík’s texts in complementarity and traces how the theoretical postulates were embodied in an artistic text. The comparison shows that Paní Urbanová diverges from Mrštík’s theoretical premises in practically all key aspects to varying degrees. This is particularly apparent in the characters and the heterogeneity of dramatic effects. Despite its failure on the stage, the significance of Paní Urbanová lies precisely in its contribution to contemporary debates on realism in drama. Together with Mrštík’s theoretical essays, it represents a unique attempt to introduce new requirements on a dramatic piece into the Czech environment.

EDUCAÇÃO EMPREENDEDORA NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica das inovações e desenvolvimento para o mercado de trabalho

This study addresses the importance of entrepreneurial education in the school environment, highlighting its role as a tool for developing essential skills for the job market. The objective is to analyze entrepreneurial education in the school environment, highlighting its contribution to the development of essential skills for the job market. The methodology is a theoretical essay and a bibliographic study using a qualitative approach and a descriptive technical procedure. The data collection instruments were studies of scientific articles published on platforms such as Scielo, Google Scholar, and Virtual Library. The results highlight that the implementation of innovative pedagogical practices has contributed to preparing students for the challenges of the job market. It is concluded that entrepreneurial education in the school environment not only helps in the formation of citizens more prepared for the job market, but also promotes the development of an entrepreneurial mentality, essential to face the challenges of a world in constant transformation.

Why Should We Be Talking About Value Reproduction?

This conceptual theoretical essay explores how values are continually reproduced through communication and how they shape societal norms. Although we all reproduce values on a daily basis through our various communicative practices, the definitions and functions of values are frequently ambiguous and presupposed across disciplines. By drawing from communication science and social science literature, the essay reflects on the mechanisms of value reproduction, linking the process of value reproduction to issues of inclusion, exclusion, and identity. Because, what happens when we reproduce values? Who gets to reproduce and who gets to challenge the reproduction of values? Who gets included in this reproduction and who gets excluded? What is the role of media in the reproduction of values? And importantly, underlying all these questions, what exactly are values and why should we care about how we reproduce values ourselves?

Inclusive Mathematics Education: contributions and (inter)connections between Paulo Freire and Critical Mathematics Education

The increasing number of Brazilian students with disabilities has led to growing concerns, because of the uncertainties and the need for change that is imposed by this new setting. On the other hand, there has been a rise in the number of researchers who believe it is crucial to rethink paradigms for Inclusive Mathematics Education. Freire's ideas about a Liberating Education are resonating with the educational demands of learners with disabilities and they reflect the necessity of shifting beliefs, which has been widely discussed in Critical Mathematics Education. This theoretical essay is based on the relationship between Freire's thoughts and the issues addressed by Critical Mathematics Education, as set out by Skovsmose. The author, whose aim to reflect on Inclusive Mathematics Education, gives the following examples: the recognition of the individuals' reality, the subjects’ personal development, their dialogical interaction, and inclusion as a way of bringing differences together.

FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES PARA A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: VICISSITUDES DAS POLÍTICAS ATUAIS NO CAMPO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA

The aim of this study was to analyze the extent to which current public educational policies in Brazil thematize and contextualize teacher education processes (initial and continuing) in Early Childhood Education within the field of Physical Education, seeking to understand their directions, impacts, propositions and implications for contemporary times. Through a theoretical essay, based on an interpretative hermeneutic analysis, we sought to critically scrutinize contemporary documents such as the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), Common National Base for the Initial Education of Basic Education Teachers (BNC – Training) and Common National Base for Continuing Education of Basic Education Teachers (BNC – Continuing Training). The results allow us to understand, on the one hand, the invisibility of Early Childhood Education in its specificities and characteristics for the aforementioned documents, making it possible to infer numerous vicissitudes within the field of teacher education. On the other hand, Physical Education at this level of education appears equally obvious, so that it is possible to consider that there is currently in Brazil a deliberate action by documents and public policies to avoid the debate that seeks to understand this mandatory curricular component within this level. specific teaching. In this sense, it can be concluded that both Early Childhood Education and the curricular component of Physical Education at this level of education are themes that present themselves in an incognito and veiled way by the current public policies in force, causing problems that reverberate in severe impacts on the field of teacher education.

CONFLICT MEDIATION IN DIVORCE CASES WITH CHILDREN: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PSYCHOLOGY

The article aims to discuss the contributions of Psychology to the Brazilian judicial system in cases of divorce with children up to 18 years of age. To prepare the theoretical essay, the techniques used and the challenges encountered by professionals who work with mediation practices in the judicial system were investigated through a bibliographic review in the CAPES, Scielo and Google Scholar databases, with priority given to works published between 2019 and 2023. The works, selected in accordance with the specificity of the study, provided relevant information about the reality of the psychologist who works as mediators in Brazil. The results highlight the interdisciplinary nature of their work, the scarcity of longitudinal research with a robust theoretical basis for their work, challenges in demarcating the limits, as well as highlighting the precarious working conditions to which mediators, most of whom are women, are subjected, influencing the scenario and the need for future research.

The relationship between dynamic capacity and innovation: the case of startup hand talk

This theoretical essay explores the relationship between dynamic capacity and innovation based on the case study of the startup Hand Talk published by the Revista de Ciências Empresariais da UNIPAR, in 2022. The company's business is to use technology to overcome barriers between deaf and hearing people with innovation and digital accessibility. A qualitative approach was used, with bibliographical research on the concepts of dynamic capabilities and single case study analysis, aiming to explore and describe observable characteristics of the theories of dynamic capabilities, effectuation and frugal innovation in the period 2012 to 2022. The result showed that the company identified an opportunity and through dynamic capacity, created a business model capable of absorbing user demands and implementing continuous innovations in its services to enable digital accessibility. of deaf people to the market, through an application for mobile devices that converts texts, images and audio into Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). The company was able to realize its ideas and put effectuation into practice, in addition to adopting a dynamic capacity approach, through organizational reconfiguration and skills development, observing the environment and organizational resources.

WORK RELATIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR INCLUSION OF PEOPLE COMPLYING WITH SOCIO-EDUCATIONAL MEASURES: A theoretical essay based on national literature

Socio-educational measures (SEM) are the State's stance in response to a juvenile's criminal act. The effectiveness of SEM is constantly under attack, and the possibility of more severe punitive measures, especially institutionalization, is often brought up, since juvenile offenders are considered "maladjusted" or "irredeemable". It is noted that such negative conceptions are perpetuated in various sectors of society, and that, in addition, stigmas also appear among the management teams of socio-educational institutions, with a view that corroborates the perspective that these young people do not deserve trust. Our objective was to analyze, through a systematic literature review, national scientific publications about young men, aged between 16 and 20 years, serving MSE in a detention regime, aiming to build a theoretical-reflective foundation to support the analyses of their situation regarding the prospects of entering the job market and the practice of Organizational and Work Psychology, whether in professional guidance or in working in organizations, contributing to the reduction of prejudices that act on this public, promoting their exclusion in the formal job market. Our postulation, which goes in the direction that stigmas and prejudices need to be the target of a process of deconstruction, so that citizens can have equal rights and possibilities of social inclusion and in the job market, is weakened when we realize that a science and profession such as Psychology, objectively Organizational and Work Psychology, has not made this phenomenon the object of its attention.

HOTEL MODERNO, UMA MÁQUINA DE HOSPEDAR

This paper aims to produce a theoretical essay about the modern hotel from a historical and critical perspective, seeking to broaden knowledge about the mutation of this architectural typology in the context of the development of mass tourism, hypothesizing that hotels are "lodging machines". This is a conceptual discussion aimed at fostering and subsidizing the debate on hotels built between the late 1940s and the 1970s, in the context of the Modern Movement. To this end, he recalls the semantic and typological antecedents of the hotel and discusses how the social practices of mass tourism and the role of the state were reflected and reproduced in the mechanisms of modern hotels. Then, it presents aspects relating to the formal and functional typologies that support the idea that the modern hotel is a lodging machine, emphasizing some characteristics that express its architectural modernity. Finally, it highlights the historical and heritage relevance of modern hotels and the importance of documentation for intervention and conservation of this collection as material witnesses of modern architecture and mass tourism. Keywords: Hotel, Lodging Establishments, Modern Architecture, Mass Tourism, Architectural Typology.

Política social de Assistência Social e a garantia de direitos sociais: entre ambiguidades e contradições

The field of Social Policies, with special attention to Social Assistance, continues to be a subject of investigation in the peripheral areas of capitalist centers. This study aims to explore the contradictions present in the interaction between social assistance policies and social rights. To this end, it adopts an approach that conceives of social policy as a process influenced by the historical conditions of capitalism and class struggles. It highlights the determining role of the state and capitalism in the formulation of social policies and their incorporation into the realm of social rights, especially in the Brazilian context, where only since the 1988 Federal Constitution has social assistance become a state policy, assuming responsibility for guaranteeing and providing social rights and social protection. The aim of the article is to problematize the perspective of rights in the Brazilian capitalist state and in the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS), proposing an analysis of a materialist-historical-dialectical nature. The text adopts the structure of a theoretical essay, beginning with a reflection on the capitalist state and social policies, and then addressing the interrelationship between the state, law and social policies, characterized by contradictions inherent to the preservation and perpetuation of capitalism. The conclusion is that the reasons for the state's difficulty in guaranteeing social rights lie in the fact that the relationship between the state, law and social policies is marked by contradictions, since social assistance seeks to guarantee rights in the legal system, which, in turn, are also geared towards the maintenance and reproduction of capitalism.

PROMOVENDO O BEM-ESTAR PSICOLÓGICO: ESTRATÉGIAS DE PREVENÇÃO DE DEPRESSÃO EM IDOSOS DE 60 A 80 ANOS

Aging is a normal and natural phase of society's development, deeply linked to health and illness conditions, and influenced by neurobiological, genetic, functional, and sociocultural factors. Quality of life plays a central role in characterizing aging as healthy or pathological, making it clear that an individual's psychological health is a result of the context in which he or she lives. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the nursing strategies adopted to prevent depression in elderly individuals aged 60 to 80 years. This is a narrative review study, carried out through research in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Google Scholar, using the following descriptors: depression AND elderly AND nursing AND prevention. The eligibility criteria adopted were: complete works that addressed the topic between the years 2019 and 2024. Dissertations, theses, theoretical essays, and experience reports were excluded. In the end, eight studies were selected. Among the strategies used by nurses, the following are mentioned: encouraging the maintenance of Activities of Daily Living (ADLs); encouraging the active participation of the social support network; keeping the home environment well ventilated; cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces, such as bed headboards, remote controls, doorknobs, cell phones and canes, with 70% alcohol; and promoting a healthy diet, accompanied by good fluid intake, as priority measures to reduce the chances of contamination by COVID-19. Thus, it is concluded that health professionals need to redefine the provision of care and attention to the elderly in health services, in addition to promoting the training of the nursing team to meet gerontological needs more adequately.

Multipurpose territorial cadastre and collaborative participation as tools for smart urban governance: An analysis considering the pandemic’s effect in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil

Multipurpose territorial cadastre and collaborative participation as tools for smart urban governance: An analysis considering the pandemic’s effect in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil

Reshaping the Spheres: Gatekeeping as an Ethical Normative Imperative

ABSTRACT This theoretical essay argues for reconstituting the normative role of gatekeeping of journalism in a functioning democracy. It contends that in this time of disinformation, misinformation and fake news, the journalist’s main normative role should involve gatekeeping all deviant information from the mainstream public sphere. It then articulates why the space inside the sphere of legitimate controversy grew in recent years, and journalists, through gatekeeping, must restore it to its normative ideal.

Predatory private institutions: a theoretical essay on distance lato sensu postgraduate marketing

Predatory private institutions: a theoretical essay on distance lato sensu postgraduate marketing