ABSTRACT The object of this article is to explore “openness” as a central important quality in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic thinking. Openness is discussed here using what has been written by or about various psychoanalysts of varying theoretical backgrounds using specific concepts related to psychoanalysis across time beginning with Freud and ending with Bion. I then describe how I have experienced openness in my third analysis. I then note how my third analysis reflected more of a Bionian approach. I end the article with 3 vignettes of patients that attempt to show how openness subsequently shows itself in my own work with patients.

This article examines the development of the work of early childhood education and early childhood special education teachers in Finland's first university-owned early childhood education and care (ECEC) centre during the first year of its operation. The analysis focuses on teachers’ activity system and on identifying its inner contradictions and the suggestions for formed solutions. The theoretical background of the study is applied from the cultural-historical activity theory and Engeström's (1995) methodology of developmental work research. The data were collected in 2021, during the Covid-19 pandemic, when Early Childhood and Teacher Education Centre (ECTEC) Rauman pikkunorssi started its operations at the Rauma campus of the University of Turku. Data, i.e. remotely organised meetings (N=7) and diaries (N=10) of teachers as well as meeting memos (N=7) of the Pikkunorssi Team, were analysed abductively. As a result, the teacher’s activity system in ECTEC Rauman pikkunorssi is presented. Additionally, contradictions in teachers' activity system and suggestions for their resolution, especially from the point of view of academic collaboration, are presented.

Nuclear weapon threats are increasing and may be comparable to levels not seen since the worst periods of the Cold War. There could be value in psychologists documenting and explaining people's responses to nuclear weapons. More than 3 decades have passed since the last major reviews of people's responses to nuclear weapons. We thus aimed to understand how psychologists and researchers from related fields have empirically studied responses to nuclear weapons since the end of the Cold War. We systematically mapped articles reporting on people's responses. A search in Web of Science and Scopus identified 18,505 hits. Screening resulted in 256 suitable articles. We assessed (a) publication patterns, including how many articles focused on responses to nuclear weapons, when those articles were published, and in which field; (b) the research community, namely author collaborations and focal journals; (c) research themes, as indicated by cocitation networks and theoretical backgrounds; and (d) the validity, generalizability, and replicability of empirical findings, as indicated by adequate samples and validated measures. We found renewed interest in the field but not yet a coherent research community and only some evidence for its evolution from occasional, scattered, one-off studies toward a coherent and coordinated scholarly field.

ADMIRE (Analyzing Digitalized Human-Machine Interactions and Relationships) is a tool that was developed and tested as part of the Integrated Research Cluster. Its aim is to make explicit the implicit assumptions about humans and machines, as well as their potential and limitations. In this way, it provides a basis for structured, reflective research and development processes relating to human-machine interactions, as well as providing a starting point for ethical considerations in technology design. This article outlines the initial research and development approach and the insights gained from various research projects and application settings. We then trace this back to anthropology and the implicit images of humans and machines that determine the processes of research and development, and often prevent the implementation of ‘technological solutions' to social problems. Here, we introduce the ADMIRE tool, along with its theoretical background and practical deployment. Finally, we reflect on the limitations of the tool itself and our experience to date.

This is a narrative literature review that explores how social media can be used to construct political images through the visual communication, synthesizing 52 peer-reviewed materials (2008-2025). The political communication of the modern times is dominated by visual content, which includes images, videos, memes and triggers 3.2 times more interactions than text among 5.2 billion users. Such platforms as Instagram (1.8-3.2% engagement), X (memes), Tik Tok (youth mobilization), and Facebook (reach) facilitate algorithm-enhanced, personal image creation. Semiotics (polysemous signs) and visual framing/image-bite politics (emotional encoding) and political branding/personalization theories are all integrated as theoretical backgrounds. Examples of case studies include India 2024 (Modi: [?]6.61Cr visual adverts, 100M+ followers), US (Fetterman authenticity, Trump spectacle) elections, citing platform specific strategies and traits of cross-cultural behaviours. There are positive impacts such as voter mobilization (43 per cent vote influence India youth) and parasocial bonding and heuristic decision-making. The challenges regarding the negative issues include visual misinformation (18% deepfakes), polarization (X: +34%), and algorithm echo chambers. India-Western differences emphasize the cultural symbol potency (85% vs 60%).

The paper provides a conceptual review of the syllabus continuum of Karl Krahnke (1987), the first theory that proposed a basic taxonomy of curriculum organization at the Structural (synthetic/form-oriented) and Content-Based (analytic/use-oriented) ends. Traditionally, this model has been the one that offered priceless insights into how to organize the contents and mirror the transition of grammar-oriented teaching into communication-oriented teaching. The given paper will assess the viability of the model as of now by providing answers to three fundamental questions: what the theoretical background of the continuum is, how it is related to other modern frameworks, such as Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and how it applies to digital, multimodal, and AI-enhanced learning contexts. The conclusion of the analysis is that although the continuum by Krahnke is a key diagnostic axis in determining the theoretical orientation of a program (form vs. use); its inflexible, bipolar division of the contents is no longer a generative design model in the 21st century. This obsolescence is related to its inability to provide a sufficient consideration of the merging of instructional elements (Focus on Form), the need to negotiate curriculum and provide learner agency individually, and the multimodal and intricate needs of ecological (Complex Dynamic Systems) and multimodal communication models.

A major change is happening in education, with ubiquitous learning, or u-learning, making knowledge accessible through various digital platforms anytime and anywhere. By integrating mobile technologies, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) into teaching and learning, u-learning goes beyond traditional e- learning. This article explores the theoretical background, practical uses, and challenges of u-learning. It also addresses issues like digital fairness, privacy, and teaching adaptability, while highlighting how u-learning supports personalized, collaborative, and lifelong learning. The paper emphasizes the transformative role of ubiquitous learning in building education systems ready for the future, drawing on previous academic research.

Purpose This paper aims to explore the quality of assessments available where a child is felt to be vulnerable to child sexual exploitation (CSE). In particular it considers the preliminary reliability and validity of the Child Adolescent Sexual Exploitation Evaluation (CASEE, Ireland et al., 2025), which aims to consider vulnerability and protective factors in a child felt to be exposed to CSE concerns. Design/methodology/approach It comprises of a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA), followed by a study of 94 professionals who completed a two-day CASEE validation event (3 events in total). Findings The REA captured a continued absence of theoretical and empirical background to currently available CSE assessments for children, and a continued failure to consider a Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) approach. Taking a SPJ approach to assessing CSE using the CASEE, this initial study demonstrated a good level of inter-rater reliability overall, with limited disagreements between raters. Practical implications This paper argues the value of structured Professional Judgement Tools, such as the CASEE. The clear importance of using assessment tools that are theoretically and empirically driven is observed. The CASEE enhances the understanding of vulnerability and protective factors to support the young person. This paper showcases the value of detailed case formulation, which then maximises successful case management. Originality/value This paper argues the continued lack of CSE assessment tools that are empirically and theoretically developed, that take advantage of the SPJ robust approach, in addition to considerations of reliability and validity. The CASEE is outlined as an emerging example of an empirically informed SPJ tool able to begin to consider some of these gaps.

Zona Zamfirova is a Serbian movie, released in 2002 and based on the eponymous novella written by Stevan Sremac. The movie is characterised by its speech, which represents one of the variants of the Prizren-Timok dialect, spoken in the city of Niš and the surrounding region. This paper attempts to discover which translation mechanisms were dominant in translating the peculiarities of the Prizen-Timok dialect found in the movie lines into English, and then to deduce the reasons behind the translators’ choices. First, the author gives a theoretical background for the analysis: the main characteristics of the Prizren-Timok dialect are explained, followed by the main tenets of the contrastive relationship used for the analysis in the paper, namely that of correspondence. The following section explains the methodology behind the analysis; the paper collects all of the lines from the movie, as well as from its English translation, into a unified corpus. The lines are then classified according to the mechanisms used to translate particular cases of the Serbian dialect into English. The final section deals with the analysis of the results and how they may be understood in terms of translating dialects of a language into a different one.

The network theory describes mental disorders as a network of interacting symptoms. While most research on the network theory is based on network analyses of symptom data, little is known about mental health professionals´ attitudes towards this theory. Clinical expertise could offer a valuable additional perspective on the validity of the theory and its applications to clinical practice. Mental health professionals rated their agreement with propositions of the network theory regarding the phenomenology, aetiology, and treatment of mental disorders in an online survey. Further, the acceptability and appropriateness of possible applications were evaluated. We calculated descriptive statistics and examined associated factors with regression analyses. The participating psychotherapists (n = 183), specialized physicians (n = 45), and clinical psychologists (n = 29, total n = 257) largely agreed with the network theory's propositions regarding the phenomenology of mental disorders and treatment effects. Appraisal of the network theory regarding the aetiology of mental disorders, regarding important treatment targets, and regarding acceptability and appropriateness of possible applications was mixed. A theoretical background in cognitive behavioural therapy and previous knowledge of the network theory were associated with a stronger agreement in most domains. The fundamental assumptions of the network approach seem to resonate with mental health professionals, while the consequences for the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders were questioned. Our findings indicate that the general conceptualization of mental disorders as symptom networks seems to align with mental health professionals' perceptions but, at the same time, emphasizes the novelty and limited specificity of the theory's implications for clinical practice.

In this qualitative ethnographic study, we aimed at increasing understanding of what makes interactions between staff, users, and relatives in home care services complicated, how these interactions are experienced and how home care practice can be developed to better address these interactions. The study was conducted in Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, and data were collected from January 2021 to February 2022. In this article we present findings reflecting the experiences of the staff. Home care work involves frequent interactions with service users and their relatives, and the quality of these interactions can influence both care provision and overall well-being. This qualitative ethnographic study aimed to enhance understanding of what makes interactions among staff, service users, and relatives in home care services complex, how these interactions are experienced, and how home care practice might be developed to better address them. The study draws on observations of interactions between staff and service users, as well as semi-structured interviews with service users, relatives, and staff, involving a total of 35 participants. Three themes were developed from the data, informed by the theoretical background (emotional labor and care practices approach). They were: (a) frictions and emotional difficulties, (b) home and workplace, and (c) problems associated with substance use. The findings show that staff need to be aware of how they communicate with users and their relatives and understand the emotional impact of complicated interactions. Managers of Home Care organizations play an important role in supporting and guiding staff concerning complex interactions.

This conceptual article establishes a theoretical background that illustrates the relationships between the implementation of halalan toyyiban principles and their role in shaping consumer trust and enhancing sustainable food security in Malaysia. This study develops a conceptual framework based on Islamic ethical philosophy, trust theory, and sustainability discourse. It contends that halalan toyyiban is both a religiously mandated concept and a holistic quality and sustainability framework that influences customer perceptions and systemic resilience. The suggested conceptual model links three dimensions, halalan toyyiban compliance and certification, food safety and cleanliness, and ethical farming and production practices to consumer trust, which mediates their total influence on the sustainability of national food security. Consumer trust is argued to be a spiritual and moral link between personal faith-based certainty and larger sustainable benefits. This study seeks to develop a trust-based sustainability context for halal food systems, expand halal research to include ethical considerations alongside legal ones, and inform policy discourse on the governance of Malaysia's food security.

A risk-based modelling approach to predict human error-induced oil pollution accident in bunker transferring operation.

ABSTRACT The growing incorporation of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) into maritime transport poses significant challenges for maintaining safe navigation. The aim of this article is to perform a detailed systematically safety assessment for MASS (degree 3) navigation in coastal voyage. In order to achieve this purpose, standardised plant analysis risk–human (SPAR-H) and evidential reasoning (ER) are used for methodically assessing the probability and impacts of navigation-related failures due to system constraints, diminished automation efficiency and remaining human−machine participation in shore control centres. Whilst SPAR-H offers a systematic approach to measure the performance shaping factor (PSF) and assess safety level, the ER facilitates the integration of incomplete, conflicting and diverse evidence related to MASS navigation operational tasks. The findings of the research show that task MFD2 has the highest failure probability (8.061E-02) and consequently presents the least safety level. Besides its robust theoretical background, this article will provide the utmost theoretical and practical contributions to ship owners, ship designers, safety researchers, safety inspectors and regulatory bodies by enhancing navigational safety and offering practical guidance for improving MASS design, operational procedures and regulatory compliance.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed the clinical approach to analysis of large datasets, introducing the possibility of verifying long-term observations. AI tools ease the analysis of connections between multiple variable parameters and are particularly useful in the field of nephrology. These solutions enable the search for early diagnostic markers and predictors of renal function deterioration, both in acute and chronic conditions. Furthermore, AI techniques can be used as data mining tools, paving the way for future theories regarding the pathomechanisms of disease. Moreover, recently published papers focus on building models that facilitate decision-making, thus predicting renal involvement, its progression, and systemic complications. This review aims to demonstrate the multifunctionality of various AI methods from an omics perspective. To increase the power of argumentation, a mathematical background of each method is presented, followed by examples of molecular applications and anchorage in the nephrological clinical context. Our aim was to demonstrate the potential of AI tools in addressing diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic challenges, as well as to initiate the discussion on the pros and cons of future AI applications in nephrology.

The study of decision heuristics is a field of research for both political psychology and disciplines such as political science and economics, particularly since the theoretical models of Lau and Redlawsk. To establish a theoretical background that would allow for the development of lines of research in the Latin American context, a systematic review of scientific production associated with the last 20 years was conducted. This systematic review used a procedure guided by the PRISMA model, in indexed databases, yielding a total of 42 articles published between 2000 and 2020. The results show a wide variety of heuristics investigated and an interesting group of cues not considered in theoretical models, with quantitative and qualitative methodological strategies that justify the construction of appropriate research models to explore the use of heuristics in different types of elections. There is a clear need to investigate the use of heuristic cues and the use of strategies as separate concepts in a differentiated manner. Likewise, the possibility of investigating the combined behavior of heuristics in particular political contexts, especially in multiparty democracies, is established.

The research evaluates the impact of an internal auditing function on the financial performance of governmental and commercial entities in Iraq. The research employed a mixed methods approach; both qualitative data from 24 interviews of internal audit professionals and institutional leaders across Iraq and quantitative survey data from 156 entities (94 Governmental and 62 Commercial) were analysed. The research presents a theoretical background of the function of internal auditing, identifies numerous ways the internal audit function can be applied within Iraq, and explains several other challenges organisations in Iraq face. The research determined that the internal audit function has a significant relationship (r = .687, p < .01) with financial performance indicators with key predictors of this relationship being auditor independence (β = .342), capacity of auditor expertise (β = .289) and management support (β = .256) however, significant discrepancies between the results and those of the international organisations surveyed were present. For example, only 38% of the organisations surveyed had fully implemented the International Professional Practice Framework (IPPF) for internal auditing. The lack of implementation of the IPPF was attributed to lack of capacity for audit professionals to gain experience in their role (cited by 78% of respondents), lack of independence of the audit function (64% cited) lack of resources to support audit activities (71% cited) and interference from politics on public entities (52% cited). Evidence- based suggestions are provided for strengthening the internal audit function in Iraq by improving the training of audit professionals, creating more effective regulatory organisations, using technology to facilitate the execution of the audit function, and strengthening the independence of internal auditors in Iraq.

In this article, the authors describe various methods of dealing with victims of sexual abuse. They show how an approach method, using psychodrama as a treatment modality, can minimize potential risks to the patients and how positive results can be achieved in short-term groups. The article includes theoretical background and 2 vignettes.

ABSTRACT Koreeda Hirokazu’s Shoplifters (2018) and Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite (2019) won the Cannes Film Festival in consecutive years and bear a number of elements in common, particularly a family in poverty pursuing petty crime to survive in a neoliberal world within a narrative centred on a unique house. While noting these filmmakers’ place in a network of international influences, this paper argues such similarities serve best as a ground for bringing into relief greater differences. Pursing a comparison centred on the three categories of the family, the house, and poverty, the paper asserts that the filmmakers’ intersecting, but nonetheless different conceptions of society, class, media, and most importantly cinema ultimately confound any binary comparison and urge us to triangulate a more complex vision of media facing the future. Particularly by using the theoretical background provided by Hasumi Shigehiko and Aoyama Shinji, the paper emphasizes Koreeda’s particular intervention in the problem of cinema as political allegory, and concludes by considering how the films may provide alternatives to such abstract readings.

This study is set out to examine the current situation of artificial intelligence (AI) application for Hanoi Metropolitan University’s faculty members; review challenges and opportunities; and propose a strategic framework of AI integration for teaching and learning. A mixed approach was employed, involving a survey with 156 lecturers across disciplines and sources of qualitative data—institutional documents and in-depth interviews with 20 lecturers. Theoretical background the study is based on the theoretical foundation of the technology acceptance model (TAM). The results suggest that a majority of faculty (67.9%) have tried out AI tools due to the hype of surface-level AI such as generative AI (e.g., ChatGPT) but are not integrating it into their educational practices, with 12.8% using it daily. There were major barriers such as absence of formal training (only 15.4% had any institutional training), lack of infrastructure, and perceived risks to academic integrity and data quality. There was substantial interest in professional development, with a request from 89.1% of faculty members for the AI-related courses. The study, in turn, reveals a real difference between what AI can do and what is used at the Hanoi Metropolitan University (HNMU) for teaching purposes. It argues that a strategic, top-down approach is required to transition from ad hoc use of digital technologies through to meaningful integration. A phased deployment model is recommended, with an emphasis on faculty development, infrastructure support, and well-defined institutional policy. These findings have implications for HNMU and other Vietnamese HEIs that are struggling with the complexities of digital transformation.