Thematic Unity Research Articles

The symbiosis of concurrency and verification: teaching and case studies

Concurrency is beginning to be accepted as a core knowledge area in the undergraduate CS curriculum—no longer isolated, for example, as a support mechanism in a module on operating systems or reserved as an advanced discipline for later study. Formal verification of system properties is often considered a difficult subject area, requiring significant mathematical knowledge and generally restricted to smaller systems employing sequential logic only. This paper presents materials, methods and experiences of teaching concurrency and verification as a unified subject, as early as possible in the curriculum, so that they become fundamental elements of our software engineering tool kit—to be used together every day as a matter of course. Concurrency and verification should live in symbiosis. Verification is essential for concurrent systems as testing becomes especially inadequate in the face of complex non-deterministic (and, therefore, hard to repeat) behaviours. Concurrency should simplify the expression of most scales and forms of computer system by reflecting the concurrency of the worlds in which they operate (and, therefore, have to model); simplified expression leads to simplified reasoning and, hence, verification. Our approach lets these skills be developed without requiring students to be trained in the underlying formal mathematics. Instead, we build on the work of those who have engineered that necessary mathematics into the concurrency models we use (CSP, {pi} -calculus), the model checker (FDR) that lets us explore and verify those systems, and the programming languages/libraries (occam-{pi}, Go, JCSP, ProcessJ) that let us design and build efficient executable systems within these models. This paper introduces a workflow methodology for the development and verification of concurrent systems; it also presents and reflects on two open-ended case studies, using this workflow, developed at the authors’ two universities. Concerns analysed include safety (don’t do bad things), liveness (do good things) and low probability deadlock (that testing fails to discover). The necessary technical background is given to make this paper self-contained and its work simple to reproduce and extend.

Symbols of Conflict and Hope

The present article offers an analysis of the use of symbolism in the books of Daniel and Revelation. Thus, the first section of the study evaluates the degree of thematic unity which may be said to exist between the two books (given their common literary genre). Secondly, the article explores the different roles which symbolism plays within the two books. Finally, a concluding section brings together the findings of the study, indicating that despite the complex symbolism of Daniel and Revelation, it is plausible to speak of these books (individually and together) as having a unifying message which could be described as the victory of good over evil or, more precisely, the sovereignty of God in a world where evil seems to prevail. At the same time, this unifying message can take a wide variety of distinctive meanings for specific groups and for specific settings.

DIALOGIC DISCOURSE IN MUSEUM PEDAGOGY OF UKRAINE AND SPAIN

Fragmentation of scientific research and insufficient understanding of the background on which the modern museum pedagogy should be based slows down its development. In practice, a museum does not always become an intermediary between an exhibit and a visitor that can provide their cognitive and emotional contact. Forms of such contact are varied. The article presents several results of the analysis of work of Ukrainian and Spanish museum organizations from the point of view of innovative experience of socio-cultural activity. The article also studies the dialogic discourse as the basis of the modern museum pedagogy.Dialogic discourse is understood as the cognitive-communicative activity of communicants in a broad (situational, sociocultural, cognitive-psychological) context, fixed by a dialogical text. The museum exhibition itself (exposition) can be viewed as a dialogical text, because as a matter of form it is a human thought fixed on material carrier. In the dialogic discourse between a museum and visitors, we can note such properties as presence of text recipients, complexity of unfolding of discourse moves and their spontaneity, thematic unity of the dialogue, individuality of meanings for each addressee depending on his/her level of preparedness, etc. Thus, we can consider dialogic discourse as an essential part of socio-cultural interaction between a museum and visitors.Since the museum pedagogical activity is often aimed at the younger generation, the article explores examples of work of Ukrainian and Spanish museums with children and families. For example, it analyses the Prado museum’s educational and family programs, audio excursions, game and theatrical "paths", the Prado School program contents, as well as the museum website information. It also views the Rules for visitors of the Prado museum that contain valuable information for parents.In the course of exploration of the Ukrainian museum and pedagogical space, it has been established that each region uses its specific capabilities in order to develop a dialogue with visitors. For example, Odessa Bleshchunov Museum has created a special guidebook for families with children, Skovoroda city museum has an interactive game, Kherson Regional Museum has opened its Museum Center for Child Leisure and Kiev organizes a competition for young museum guides.Summarizing the analysis, we can conclude that the dialogical forms gradually penetrate the process of museum work. However, the discursive part – namely, the "answer" - the response of the museum audience still requires higher attention and scientific research.

TURGUT UYAR IN DÜNYANIN EN GÜZEL ARABİSTANI NI ÇEVRE EĞİTİMİ BAĞLAMINDA OKUMAK

Turgut Uyar has some peculiar characteristics among “Ikinci Yeniciler”. Being in a perpetual change and development during his poetry history, Uyar produces different works in terms of poetic, thematic and technique along with holding some symmetries among themselves. Being a soldier need a nown and at the same time spending a large portion of his life in different regions of Anatolia add richness of rural life, Anatolian realism and traditional folk poetry to his poems. On the other hand, urbanite and middle-class people’s bohemian lives and depressions in terms of accumulation of modern poetry after quitting public service and coming to Istanbul become a second medium of Uyar’s poetry. Also, considering that the poet who doesn’t ignore the classical poetry tradition has a Divan, it can be said that he fuels with all the sources composing the poetry accumulation in Turkey and benefits from both folk and Divan poetry and modern western poetry. However especially in terms of pedagogics, Turgut Uyar’s poetry is hardly used in education reasoning that his poetry is modern, confined, experimental, abstract and even meaningless like all Ikinci Yeni poetry. Yet, this kind of poetry can be significantly helpful for students to gain high level achievements. Thusly; Turgut Uyar being in the first place Ikinci Yeni poet can be taken advantage of in philosophical discussions to develop students’ conceptual skills and interpretation power, colourise their imaginations and enrich their vocabulary. In addition to all these, Dunyanin En Guzel Arabistani composed of poems that Turgut Uyar ground out in the first period of his arrival to the city is an important work embodying a thematic integrity in its entirety. Here, focusing on the existential problems of urbanites, the poet makes way to his new poetry with his work composed of thirty six poems. Narrating the tragedy a highbrow of petit bourgeois on the basis of his individual story, Uyar produces a work which includes both clues about social, economic, political and cultural changes that Turkey suffered in 1950s and constitutes an important milestone in his poetic adventure. For sure, he also gives utterance to environmental awareness through city-rural or artificiality- spontaneity contrast - artificiality, alienation and environmental pollution being in the first place- and writes poems including important data in terms of environmental education. It makes good sense to evaluate the poetry book named Dunyanin En Guzel Arabistani within the scope of environmental education

Enhancement of the informed consent documents: suggestions about legibility, readability and text coherence

Dear Editor, The initial step in the informed consent (IC) process is the disclosure of information to the patient. The information can be disclosed by means of personal communication, multimedia interventions, or through the use of a written material. From the perspective of law, it is necessary that the content of the patient-physician communication should be documented and signed by both parties. Therefore, information disclosure through a written document is the preferred method of conduct in most healthcare institutions. However, although this approach provides official recording, it bears other difficulties: The text presented to the patients should be legible, readable and coherent in itself. In patients with presbyopia or other difficulties in sight, the problems about legibility can be overcome by following the American Printing House guidelines for print document design . 1 Text coherence may require modifications with reference to 1. logical/semantic associations and; 2. grammatic associations between successive sentences; 3. proper use of the conjunctions; 4. contextual relations between parts of the text; and 5. establishment of the overall thematic integrity. 2 Finally, enhancement of the readability requires assessment formulas which are specific to that language. In case of Turkish language, to our knowledge, there is only one formula that fulfills the requirements of a scientific approach: Çetinkaya-Uzun Readability Formula. 3 The readability score in this formula is defined as Readability Score=118.8-25.9xAWL-0.9xASL where AWL is the Average Word Length, and ASL is the Average Sentence Length. Based on multiple regression analysis, the formula also provides years of schooling that correspond three categories of readability levels: Readability scores ≥51 correspond to 5-7 years; scores 35–50 correspond to 8-9 years; and scores 0-34 correspond to 10 or more years of schooling, which is the category of independent reading. Regardless of the language, any readability formula which provides such a categorical approach in schooling gives an additional insight about the IC practice: Patients below the category of independent reading (e.g. Turkish patients with schooling level of 9 years or less according to Çetinkaya-Uzun Readability Formula), are prone to misconduct in IC process, therefore increasing the liability of physicians. This group of patients can be easily discriminated by asking his/her last year in schooling. In conclusion, the above mentioned suggestions may help the researchers who are interested in enhancement of the IC documents with regard to legibility, readability and text coherence. In addition to its function as an assessment tool, any reading formula which provides a categorical approach for independent reading also serves to identify the patients at risk for IC misconduct.

Does a Plurality of Philosophies Eliminate the Concept of the Subject Matter of Philosophy?

The author considers the claim about the existence of a unified subject matter of philosophy in the light of the existence of a diversity of philosophies. It is shown that a unified subject matter of philosophical inquiry for all historical periods is unfounded, and that Marxist attempts to give a universal definition of the subject matter of philosophy is inadequate. The author defends the position of a qualitative change in the subject matter of philosophy in the course of its development. The article provides an overview of major philosophical themes through the prism of the subject-object relationship. The themes under discussion include: nature (the universe, the cosmos, and reality), the human agent, personality, individuality, subjectivity, and the topic of a cognitive and active relationship between the human and the world. The article shows that the unity of the subject matter of philosophy can be defined only in the most general terms, since the above main themes are only partially and idiosyncratically reflected in different philosophies.

Absent Subjects and Empty Centers: Eichendorff's Romantic Phantasmagoria and Schumann's Liederkreis, Op. 39

A recurring theme in the reception of Schumann's Eichendorff Liederkreis is the question mark over its sense of narrative continuity and the presence (or otherwise) of a central protagonist. Up until now, however, scarcely any attempt has been made to view these features in the context of Eichendorff's wider literary production. This article proposes applying an Eichendorffian aesthetic to Schumann's op. 39, viewing its phantasmagoric interconnections, absence of clear narrative order, sense of temporal dislocation and persistent theme of the loss of self as profoundly reflecting the concerns of Eichendorff's prose fiction. Neither the view that Schumann's cycle does possess a unified narrative and central protagonist, nor the converse, that it should be seen as a disparate group of songs, is adequate. Instead, it is the tension between the two views that emerges as crucial in coming to an aesthetic understanding of the cycle. Schumann's procedure, in juxtaposing a number of poems drawn from disparate works, presents an extreme case whereby narrative and subjective identity are put to the test, and the listener is invited to fill the vacant space left by the withdrawal of a unifying subject with his or her own sense of subjectivity.

"Allmygti god this lettyr sent": English Heavenly Letter Charms in Late Medieval Books and Rolls

This study focuses on the material context of medieval charms by investigating how books differ from rolls as carriers of charms. The essential difference between medieval books and rolls as carriers of charms appears to lie in the kind of unity they constitute. A roll featuring charms like the one described in the present work was probably used integrally as a physical protective device, making it the epitome of a functional unity: the whole of its contents combined with the physical writing surface of the roll itself is what defines the use of the roll. A book can certainly also make up a thematic unity, but the functional combination of contents and materiality is not as strongly present. Instead, books containing charms were more likely to have functioned as storehouses of information in a less physical sense. The texts, including the charms, could be consulted separately, and were also more likely to be perceived as such. This would explain why added and deleted texts are more commonly found in books than on rolls. The intensity of the usage of rolls, especially amulet rolls that were worn on the body, could be one of the reasons why relatively few medieval rolls survive. Ultimately, it was not the carrier that selected the charm, nor was it the charm that selected the carrier. It was an individual's purpose that determined whether and how a charm was to become part of the contents of a particular material carrier.

Русская речь коми-пермяков: лексический аспект

The paper deals with the usage of lexical units belonging to different idioms and temporal strata, as well as with the distribution of units of different idioms across thematic groups in Russian spontaneous speech of the Komi-Permyaks residing within the Perm Krai territory. The analyzed material included 47 spontaneous monologues produced by the Komi-Permyak bilinguals. The analysis of the texts proved that, except literary Russian lexical units, the monologues contain: 1) the Komi-Permyak words (determined by the influence of the bilingual environment); 2) words belonging to the non-literary forms of the Russian language (dialect, vernacular, colloquial, professional lexis); 3) archaic words; 4) occasional word usages. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the research material revealed a sufficiently large layer of non-literary lexis belonging to different idioms (both of the Russian and Komi-Permyak languages) and related to different thematic groups. The semantic “nucleus” of non-literary lexical units in spontaneous Russian speech of the Komi-Permyaks is formed by colloquial lexis that is thematically connected to vernacular lexis. The dialect Russian lexis is also very significant for the semantic structure of texts, as it provides semantic links with the Komi-Permyak linguistic consciousness. The thematic unity of the Komi-Permyak and dialect lexis reveals close interaction between the Komi-Permyak culture and the culture of a Russian village (both historical and present). Both lexis layers are important for the Komi-Permyaks’ national self-identification as ones that describe fragments of the worldview connected with traditional culture and lifestyle.

Basil of Caesarea’s Homily On Psalm 115 (CPG 2910): Origen and Anti-Eunomian Polemic

One striking feature of Basil of Caesarea’s homily On Psalm 115 is that it lacks the thematic unity found elsewhere in his homiletic corpus, even in his other fourteen homilies on various psalms, in which Basil manages to present a cohesive teaching in spite of his similar use of the verse-by-verse exegetical method. This study demonstrates that the frequent changes of subject which characterize this homily are the consequence of Basil drawing upon Origen’s disjointed comments upon Psalm 115 and combining them with an anti-Eunomian polemic. Origen’s interpretation of Psalm 115 is reconstructed chiefly on the basis of his scattered interpretations of selected verses from the psalm in his works, but also from the exegetical fragments attributed to him in the catena. A third source is used as well, Jerome’s Tractatus on Psalm 115, which, like all his tractates on the psalms, are widely seen as Latin adaptations of authentic homilies of Origen. In his exegesis of most of the verses of Psalm 115 Basil has borrowed from Origen but not without modifications and additions according to his own lights. In particular, Basil used Origen’s anti-philosophical polemic in his interpretation of Psalm 155:1-2 to develop an attack on the theological methodology of his opponent, Eunomius. On Psalm 115 thus contains a unique polemical construction of Eunomius on the part of Basil that complements the presentation of opponent in other works such as the Contra Eunomium. Therefore, this homily is a fine example of Basil deploying his sources from the tradition to meet contemporary challenges.

Psychological solutions to Metaphysical problems in the Pārāyaṇa-vagga

Psychological solutions to Metaphysical problems in the Pārāyaṇa-vagga Eviatar Shulman (bio) The understanding of early Buddhist philosophy oscillates between two binary opposed interpretations. On the one hand we find a metaphysical system that hinges on the doctrine of karma and the attempt to exit saṃsāra. Here the Buddha is thought to attain a transcendence that takes place in some indescribable existential or ontological realm. On the other hand we encounter an empirical approach that sees the Buddha as a thinker who denied the credibility of metaphysical speculation and who advocated the relinquishing of philosophical positions, which is grounded in a concrete perception of impermanence and conditionality. There are also many intermediary positions between these two extremes and various formulations of their interaction or interpenetration, which become especially compelling when they are connected to contemplative theory and practice. Interestingly, these two paradigmatic approaches to early Buddhist thought find relatively distinct expression in the two earliest textual collections that exist in the Pāli canon. The second position is voiced by the Aṭṭhaka-vagga (AV), "The Chapter of Eights," a text that has naturally received a fair amount of attention since it corresponds to the ideological vectors of Buddhist modernism. The first, more metaphysical interpretation is articulated in the Pārāyaṇa-vagga (PV), "The Chapter on Going Beyond," a text that has quite interestingly remained outside the limelight of scholarly inspection, even though it is acknowledged as being just as old as the Aṭṭhaka, if not older. These two collections are the fourth and fifth books of the Sutta-Nipāta (SN), a rich collection of poems that is placed in the Khuddaka Nikāya. Together with "The Rhinoceros Horn Discourse" (Khaggavisāṇa-sutta) from the first book of the SN, these are accepted as the earliest surviving textual records of Buddhism, since (1) they are characterized by archaic poetry, (2) are mentioned by name and quoted in the prose suttas of the major four Nikāyas, and (3) are the only texts to have a commentary on them included within the Sutta-Piṭaka (the Mahā- and Cūḷa-Niddesa of the Khuddaka Nikāya).1 The goal of the present essay is to fill in this large scholarly lacuna and to conceptualize the philosophical position of the PV. In a subsequent essay in the following edition of Philosophy East and West, titled "The Polyvalent Philosophy and Soteriology of Early Buddhism," I will consider the significance of the PV and the relations between it and the AV and the Khaggavisāṇa-sutta for the broader understanding of the philosophical and contemplative culture of early Buddhism in its historical context. [End Page 506] A short word about the text itself is in order. Although I treat the main body of the PV as a coherent whole, this does not mean that I see it as univocal and as necessarily having been composed by a single author. The heart of the text is a series of sixteen sets of questions and answers between the Buddha and his students. As it exists today, this part of the text is preceded by an introduction (vatthu-gāthā) that provides a narrative framework for the sixteen poems. It is commonly accepted that this opening section was not part of the original version of the text, since the old Cūḷa-Niddesa commentary does not include it. There are other considerations that would support this understanding, mainly that the questions posed to the Buddha by Bhadravuddha and Mogharāja assume a different setting than the one introduced in the opening section.2 Without the organizing narrative framework, it is difficult to decide what the true relation between the sixteen sets of questions and answers is and whether they were collected from different sources. Whatever the origin of the poems, I will demonstrate that they share a thematic unity; this will support the idea that the text is more than an assembly of poems that originally circulated independently. The Message of the Pārāyaṇa-vagga The PV defines one main problem with the human condition: humanity is continuously attacked by a "flood" (ogha). This is a...

"Yee? Baw for Bokes": Essays on Medieval Manuscripts and Poetics in Honor of Hoyt N. Duggan ed. by Michael Calabrese and Stephen H. A. Shepherd

Reviewed by: "Yee? Baw for Bokes": Essays on Medieval Manuscripts and Poetics in Honor of Hoyt N. Duggan ed. by Michael Calabrese and Stephen H. A. Shepherd Karrie Fuller Michael Calabrese and Stephen H. A. Shepherd, eds. "Yee? Baw for Bokes": Essays on Medieval Manuscripts and Poetics in Honor of Hoyt N. Duggan. Los Angeles: Marymount Institute Press, 2013. Pp. x, 296. $64.95. It is a real accomplishment for a festschrift to achieve an impressive methodological range while retaining an equally impressive thematic unity. Hoyt Duggan's friends, colleagues, and students speak to the full range of this scholar's influence on Langland studies, the digital humanities, metrical analysis, manuscript studies, and medieval literary scholarship more generally. The contributors' exemplary essays simultaneously express the interrelationships among these subjects as they examine, for example, the value of digital editions for understanding the [End Page 312] history of meter, or the importance of codicological study for reconstructing Langland's early reception—questions of immediate relevance to twenty-first-century scholarship. The volume itself is divided into two sections: one with six essays on "Composition and Authorship," and another with seven essays on "Reception and Use." Together, these two halves on textual production and postproduction create an illuminating collection of essays that offer new perspectives on some of the most vexing, long-standing questions in the study of Langland and the work of his contemporaries. Of the first six essays on "Composition and Authorship," the first four deal with questions of meter. Thorlac Turville-Petre's opening piece promotes the Piers Plowman Electronic Archives' edition of a Bx archetype for its ability to improve future attempts at metrical analysis. Ralph Hanna identifies Richard Formande's The Bridges of Abingdon, a publicly displayed poem surviving on a single vellum broadsheet, as an example of "alliterative chronicle poetry" that documents and celebrates the building of bridges to make Abingdon commercially accessible. Written in an alliterative style that may have been influenced by interregional literary exchange, this fifteenth-century poem's local "liberation narrative" records how this community project frees the town from the abbot of Abingdon's oppression (35). The next two essays reexamine the linguistic status of final -e in fifteenth-century Middle English metrical practices. Problematizing the accepted history of final -e, John Burrow studies Hoccleve's holograph manuscripts in order to reveal how the poet's consistent use of final -e as an unstressed syllable most likely aligns with his own spoken pronunciation and with an audience able to understand the role this -e plays in his meter. Judith Jefferson's study of the final -e in On Husbondrie, a Middle English translation of Palladius's Opus agricultura, reveals a "more restricted" use of final -e for syllable count than Hoccleve used a few decades earlier. The last two essays in this section address problems associated with non-Langlandian composition in Piers's manuscript tradition. Because these pieces deal with the work of Langland's scribe-redactors, who also act as interpreters and readers, these two could easily fit into either section of the book, justifying their somewhat liminal position between the sections. Thomas A. Pendergast's excellent contribution argues that the famous John But ending merges the author-figure and reader-figure in a way that reflects the redactor's understanding of Piers's "inherently complex authorial quality" and of "Langland's invitation to blur the [End Page 313] distinctions between the reception and the making of the poem" (68). This author-continuator's "poetics of reception" voices the audience's presence while also setting up Will's writing of the B- and C-versions. Turning to the substantial gaps in an A-text manuscript, Míċeál Vaughan suggests that, despite its missing quire at the end, Dublin, Trinity College, MS 213 (sigil E) might be a fourth witness to A manuscripts containing Passus XII. He bases his argument on the average line count in the extant folios as well as on E's genetic relationship with other copies of the A-text that share a displacement of lines from Passus VII into Passus I, which may have larger implications for editing the A-text...

Subverting Injurious Language: How Ilse Aichinger’s Narratological Strategies Liberate the Protagonist of “Spiegelgeschichte”

This essay examines the narratological and rhetorical features of Ilse Aichinger’s story of a botched abortion, “Spiegelgeschichte,” in order to highlight the challenges associated with putting female, bodily trauma into language. By focusing its analysis on the text’s second-person narration and imperative statements it makes an argument about the degree to which the protagonist is liberated from the oppressive conditions that lead to her death. Through her act of reflective storytelling the protagonist divides herself into narrated and narrating selves in order to experience herself as both subject and object and to fight back against her entrapment in a temporal chain of cause and effect. Reaching the limits of this reflective language, however, she must eventually turn to defiant silence in order to (re)establish herself as a unified subject and escape the injurious language that surrounds her.

기초치위생 교과목 통합교육과정 개발

The purpose of the study is to develop the integrated basic dental hygiene curriculum after reviewing and analyzing the traditional curriculum. First, the standardization of curriculum in three years and four years dental hygiene department curriculum is needed. Second, integration between subjects should include learning objectives of the curriculum. Third, the basic subjects of dental hygiene should provide and satisfy the learning goals of dental biochemistry, nutrition, dentistry and dental pharmacology, and the basic subjects should be integrated into clinical considerations. Fourth, the integration of the curriculum should make the students dental hygiene experts by nurturing and integration of basic sciences. The integration of curriculum is able to provide the unified subject that does not same and duplicated contents.

Hegel on Judgements and Posits

AbstractHegel draws a distinction between ‘judgements’ (Urteile) and ‘posits’ (Sätze). Judgements serve to explicate a unified subject matter, while posits do not. Because different forms of judgement are marked by specific combinations of logical constants with certain types of predicates, statements combining logical constants with predicates not ‘suited’ for each other cannot express judgements, but only posits. Current accounts of Hegel’s concept of judgement tend either to ignore or reject his conception of posits. This article shows that Hegel’s exclusion of a vast variety of well-formed statements from the realm of judgements contains a valuable insight rather than a flaw. It demonstrates that certain statements, even if correct, cannot contribute to the explication of a non-arbitrarily unified subject matter. Doing justice to Hegel’s notion of posit thus serves to motivate his general conception of judgement as well as his classification of particular types of judgement.

Peculiarities of Psychological Readiness of Choosing a Profession for High School Students from Arctic Uluses

Background/Objectives: The purpose of the article is to reveal the psychological readiness problems of senior pupils in the Arctic region for the choice of profession and to identify the system of psycho-pedagogical support for occupational guidance of senior pupils at Arctic schools in close relationship of educational establishments and social institutions. Methods: The study used the methods for psychological readiness detection in school leavers for the choice of profession in the three northern uluses of the republic, the results of sociological research among NEFU freshmen aimed at studying awareness of the occupational training selection. The data acquisition method included questionnaire survey using remote survey system under the “Freshman-2014” Program, which is held annually by the department of development and examination of valuation funds of the NEFU Department of Education Quality Assurance to study students’ satisfaction with the quality of education and the “Graduate-2015” sociological research at the end of a professional training. Findings: The article reveals the peculiarities of psychological problems and readiness of the Arctic school leavers for the choice of profession and justifies the system of psycho-pedagogical support for career guidance in the Arctic regions. Based on the obtained results, a system of occupational guidance was developed which provides assistance in the choice of profession, choice of Unified State Examination subjects for high school admission, the formation of the self-assessment of students’ opportunities for future occupation, new forms of work, such as Remote Fair of occupations, teaching classes, Junior Pedagogical Academy, Junior Medical Academy, academic competitions, training courses, etc. The occupational training of high school students requires consolidating the efforts of school, parents and the public. School leavers should know what specialists are necessary for their native village and learn to see the prospects for further development of the North. The education system of the North indigenous minorities with teaching in their native language allows saving the culture, national traditions and language of the people. The priority lines of NEFU educational activities to train specialists for the North have been identified; they include sustainable environmental management, environmental safety, education in the North, the development of the culture of peoples of the North. The graduates will receive the degree of Bachelor of Circumpolar Regional Studies of the Arctic University in addition to their major field of study. The training according to the Bachelors’ program “Primary Education and Tutoring in the North Basic Ungraded (Nomadic) School” and Masters’ program “Pedagogical Support of Childhood in the North” has been established. Application/Improvements: Psycho-pedagogical support for occupational guidance in the Arctic uluses will improve the graduates’ psychological preparedness to the choice of profession. The model of psychological and pedagogical support can be used in the practice of schools, training courses, colleges and universities of the republic.

Cuckoo, Cuckoo: Seeing, Hearing, and Singing the Fool in Thomas Murner’s Die Geuchmat

This essay explores how the Franciscan monk Thomas Murner, in his sixteenth century satire Die Geuchmat, concretizes the metaphor of the cuckoo as fool. Paying particular attention to the verb “gucken” and its auditory and visual meanings, the paper suggests that Murner’s work elides the distinction between symbol and symbolized. In addition to the linguistic play of the text, several of the accompanying woodcuts in the 1519 edition also attempt to merge the avian with the human cuckoo, thus reinforcing the concretization of the metaphor of cuckoo as fool. Parallel to the focus on the fool in the text and woodcuts, this paper also considers the ways in which Murner thematizes the problem of the extra-textual fool’s self-recognition, that is to say, how the reader is made to recognize his own foolishness. The various ways in which Die Geuchmat emphasizes and exploits the metaphor of cuckoo as fool ultimately provide a thematic unity to a work which has previously been seen as lacking coherence. Largely ignored by modern scholarship, Die Geuchmat is a rich and fertile work that offers a sophisticated interplay of the sensory experiences of sight and sound, ultimately mirroring the fool in text, picture, and music.

El álbum visual como nueva forma promocional de la industria de la música: el caso de Let England Shake de PJ Harvey y Seamus Murphy

The new business model for the music industry begins to rely on digital content. Several authors have studied and say that the music industry is experiencing a shift towards audiovisual content. This is part of a new stage characterized by the visual aesthetics transmediality and media convergence on complex media formats. The visual album, as a concept consisting of video clips of all the songs on a disc, is positioned as a new form of musical promotion, hybrid between film and music video. The article analyzes the visual album Let England Shake (PJ Harvey & Seamus Murphy, 2011), with a few criterion that seek visual motifs that generate continuity, thematic unity and narratives in order to demonstrate its intense musical coherence with the previous album made. This is to define the visual album and start to delimit the other types of audiovisual products, as well as examine possibilities for creating meaning in the generation of a differentiated personal narrative for an artist / band.

Nicole de Bretaigne and a Fifteenth-Century Collection of Religious Texts in French: Paris, Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, MS 5366

Manuscript 5366 of the Bibliotheque de l’Arsenal in Paris is a fifteenth-century miscellany written on paper that reproduces several religious texts in Middle French and two short fragments in Latin. The first group of texts—the Gospel of Nicodemus and La vengence Vaspasien (“The Revenge of Emperor Vespasian”, ff. 1r-86r)—is signed with the words: “Cest liure est a Nicole de Bretaigne qui le trouuera cy li rende et elle poyra bien le vin” (“This book belongs to Nicole de Bretaigne; she will pour a good quantity of wine for the finder who returns it”; Paris, Bibliotheque de l’Arsenal, MS 5366, f. 86r). This note is written in the same color ink as the preceding texts and in the same handwriting. Starting on the verso side of this leaf a slightly different hand, most likely a reader, has added three short fragments in French based on the Gospels. The thematic unity of these later additions suggests that they were the result of the spiritual needs and preferences of an owner of this manuscript, most likely a laywoman. Although the involvement of professional scribes cannot be ruled out entirely, this article will argue that one or several laypeople, most likely women, were responsible for the production of this manuscript.

Crossing Boundaries: Ethnicity, Race, and National Belonging in a Transnational World ed. by Brian D. Behnken, Simon Wendt, and: At the Border of Empires: The Tohono O’odham, Gender, and Assimilation, 1880–1934 by Andrae M. Marak, Laura Tuennerman

Reviewed by: Crossing Boundaries: Ethnicity, Race, and National Belonging in a Transnational World ed. by Brian D. Behnken, Simon Wendt, and: At the Border of Empires: The Tohono O’odham, Gender, and Assimilation, 1880–1934 by Andrae M. Marak, Laura Tuennerman Benjamin H. Johnson Crossing Boundaries: Ethnicity, Race, and National Belonging in a Transnational World. Edited by Brian D. Behnken and Simon Wendt. New York: Lexington Books, 2013. 330pp. $85 (cloth). At the Border of Empires: The Tohono O’odham, Gender, and Assimilation, 1880–1934. By Andrae M. Marak and Laura Tuennerman. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2013. 232pp. $55 (cloth). Contemporary maps divide the world into territories controlled by discrete nation-states, the very entities that have structured the modern discipline of history. Yet social and political reality is also characterized by transnational flows of people, goods, and ideas. Paradoxically, these exchanges—the raison d’être of the burgeoning field of transnational history—include nationalist ideas and mobilizations. “Transnationalized concepts of national belonging” are the focus of the wide-ranging and provocative anthology Crossing Boundaries. Its editors endeavor to show how such concepts have been “forced and adopted, borrowed and compelled, adapted and coopted, and, ultimately how they can be accepted and rejected by local people” (p. 2). The volume consists of fourteen brief essays, of about twenty pages each, which range over the twentieth century. Half of the essays examine transnational dynamics in the Americas; four are set primarily in Asia; and the rest describe transnational relationships rooted primarily in Africa and Europe. The center of gravity lies in the study of political movements, but transnational cultural history is a strong secondary theme, particularly in Brian Behnken’s discussion of music and hair-style in his essay on connections between the U.S. Chicano movement and Mexican student unrest and in Pablo Dominguez Andersen’s examination of Chinese American movie star Anna May Wong and her fame in Weimar Germany. The last essay, Kevin Amidon’s superb and wonderfully theorized “Beyond the Straight State: On the Borderlands of Sexuality, Ethnicity, and Nation in the United States and Europe,” is more comparative than explicitly transnational. The individual essays have their particular ambitions and historiographic interventions, but the editors conclude that the volume’s most fundamental revelation is that “transnational and transcultural processes impeded political elites’ efforts to create ethnically and racially homogenous national communities, while they also produced a hybrid sense of national belonging that frequently transcended traditional forms of ethnic nationalism as well as national boundaries” (p. 6). This revelation is pursued in a particularly compelling fashion in several of the essays. [End Page 414] Charles Reed makes a convincing case for the importance of “imperial citizenship,” which allowed early twentieth-century South African activists to struggle for dignity and autonomy within the British Empire and to thereby escape the distinctions that later scholars often drew between civic and ethnic nationalisms. His subjects, Reed observes, “imagined themselves as British citizen-subjects (civic) and ‘natives’ (ethnic) without contradiction and without such distinctions in mind” (p. 104). Similarly, Charlton Yingling’s recreation of Dominican exile networks from the 1930s to 1950s traces the joining of notions of pan– Latin Americanism with Dominican nationalism, concluding with a forceful articulation of the importance of exile “as a decisive site of nation-building” (p. 54). Karen Morris points to debates over Ivoirité in the Cote d’Ivoire in recent decades as illustrative of the wider tensions “inherent in equations of post–World War II national citizenship with ancestry-based pre-colonial territoriality” in postcolonial Africa and beyond (p. 173). The similarities in themes link together essays that are diverse in empirical terms. Examining different national projects on five continents over the course of a century necessarily draws on an enormous range of historical developments and historiographies. The fact that the essays speak so well to one another reflects a strong editorial hand and the sweeping importance of the questions about ethnicity, race, and nationalism that lie at the heart of the volume. The anthology’s success in terms of thematic unity, however, raises questions that it does not answer or even substantially address. Taken as a whole, Crossing Boundaries offers very little sense...