Thematic Field Research Articles

Defining and Comparing Generic Competences in Higher Education

In this article the author discusses the importance of defining generic competences in alignment with the European definitions. As a case study the generic competences defined by Laurea University of Applied Sciences are compared with European definitions of generic competences. The purpose is to open up the various perspectives within this thematic field of interest and reflect on them according to the objectives of the European Higher Education Area. The comparative matrix of generic competences enhances the comparison of learning outcomes in higher education institutions, facilitates credit transfer and the acknowledgement of prior learning.

‘Energy regions’: The transformative power of regional discourses on socio-technical futures

‘Guiding visions’ play an important role in the transition management approach as a central means of mobilizing social actors and the co-ordination of dispersed agency. ‘Energy regions’ in Austria are an interesting example for the strategic promotion of such guiding visions in the context of regional development. We describe the case of Murau, an alpine district in which a strong actor network has been built around a vision of systematically exploiting renewable energy sources and at the same time saving the region from economic decay. The vision gained much authority and has been institutionalised at various levels of regional governance. It furthermore was supported by and played an important role for regime level attempts to influence socio-technical change. Development and social propagation of such visions are inherently political and contested processes involving much strategizing and anticipation of conflict. We describe particular discursive strategies applied in niches – such as the combination and translation of sentiments into localised visions and demonstrations of feasibility. These strategies can be understood as systematic attempts to support discursive shifts at regime level by means of local activities, and aim to modify rather durable power structures. We suggest ways to analyse such discursive practices in order to orient strategic action in the course of such processes: analysing ‘guiding visions’ and their interference with other emerging trends; extending analyses across spatial scales (e.g. translations) and across thematic fields (e.g. convergence of agendas); and focusing on processes of stabilisation, institutionalisation and mutually reinforcing developments.

„Handlująca Warszawa” w drugiej połowie XIX wieku, czyli słownictwo z zakresu handlu w Lalce Bolesława Prusa

The vocabulary concerning trade has been accompanying human activity for centuries, thus, it is no wonder that the core of the Polish vocabulary in this thematic field stems from Proto-Slavic times (e.g., cena [price], darmo [free], kupic [buy], pieniądz [money], placic [pay]). On the Polish soil, we can observe the processes increasing the pool of this vocabulary: these are vernacular derivative processes and borrowings of foreign words. In this way, the contemporary dictionary of the thematic field TRADE has been formed. Lalka (“The Doll”) by Boleslaw Prus, a novel representing classical realism, is rooted in Polish social and economic realities of the second half of the 19th century – it depicts the arrival and strengthening of capitalism, mainly in the sphere of trade. This implies the introduction into the novel of an extensive, composed of over 300 units, lexicon which groups the words that, by definition or by context, are connected with this sphere of the protagonists’ activity. The centre of the discussed thematic field is formed by word fields of the main notions from this sphere, such as: handel [trade], sklep [shop], sprzedawca [shop attendant], kupujący [buyer], kupowac [buy], sprzedawac [sell], placic [pay], pieniądz [money], cena [price]. Being entangled in various lexical contexts, they also show the contemporary scope of meaning of individual words as well as the possibility to modify them by lexical environment.

Presencia del periodismo cultural y de espectáculo en la prensa zuliana

El reciente desarrollo de la lingüística cognitiva ha postulado nuevas formas deanalizar al lenguaje, pues lo hace a partir del discurso (sobre todo porque a travésde la organización de éste es posible rastrear los procesos cognitivos involucradosdurante su elaboración). Uno de esos procesos cognitivos es la creación de espaciosmentales, que a últimas fechas se ha convertido en un tema recurrente de análisis. Portal motivo, algunos lingüistas han postulado diversos modelos de análisis para tratarde explicar su conformación. Entre dichos modelos, uno de los más importantes esla ‘integración conceptual’. A pesar de que este modelo pudiera parecer totalmenteteórico, es posible aplicarlo a cualquier tipo de discurso. Y para demostrar lo anterior,la presente investigación analiza el objeto discursivo “democracia” en el discursopolítico que utilizó en su campaña el ex-presidente mexicano Vicente Fox Quesada apartir del modelo de integración conceptual proveniente de la lingüística cognitiva.

Czechoslovakia in a Nationalist Fascist Europe 1918-1948. Proceedings of the British Academy, 140 by Mark Cornwall , R. J. W. Evans (review)

776 SEER, 87, 4, OCTOBER 2OOg Cornwall,Mark and Evans,R. J. W. (eds). Czechoslovakia ina Nationalist and Fascist Europe igi8-ig48. Proceedings oftheBritish Academy,140.The British Academyand OxfordUniversity Press,Oxfordand New York, 2007.xvii+ 258 pp. PoliticalChronology. Maps. Notes.Bibliography. Index.£35.00. Czechoslovakia's goldeninterwar era has been widelyrediscovered as a sourceofhistorical interest and inspiration after thecollapseofCommunism. This rediscovery holds trueforCzech and to a lesserextentforSlovak historians, butinternationally fewnewsourceshavesurfaced. A groupofhistorians connected withorbrought together bytheForumof British, Czech and Slovakhistorians has nowpresented thishighly welcome volumethatseeksbothtodeliver an up-to-date accountofCzechoslovakia in thefirst halfofthetwentieth century and to highlight thedarker sidesofthis oftenadulated FirstRepublic.The volumeis chronologically-thematically organizedand deals withCzech-Slovakand Czech-Germanrelations, the British connections in foreign policyand Czech nationalissues. The volume justifies itsexistence mostwiththecontributions thatuncover anti-liberal, fascist or antisemitic (under-)currents within theFirstCzechoslovak Republicand hencequestionitsdemocratic aura. Eagle Glassheim, for instance, devotesattention to thediscomfort thatthenobility feltforliberal democracy and itsvaluesand made themreceptive tofi thoughtheydid displaymoderately successful attempts theireconomicpreferences. Robert B. Pynsentstudii who producedliterary representations ofhighly questio iscistideologies, even at modernization in ss Czech legionaries •nablenature.Severe an usci 111 tic niiagciy was hol aneli lu liic wiumgs ui iwu ui liic iiiusl piuiiiiiiciu representatives of this group,Rudolf Medek and JosefKopta, who are Pynsent's mainprotagonists. MarkDimond'schapter on theSokolmovement fits in thispattern as well.The Sokolmovement brings together manyofthe dominant currents and tensions inmodernCzech nationbuilding. The movementwas clearly modelledafter a Germanoriginal (Turnvereine)', itdeveloped dominantanti-German characteristics; and succeededin reinventing itself according to ethnic, moraland,lesssuccessfully, socialist standards. Severalchapters addressCzech-Slovakrelations. JanRychlik convincingly showstheambiguities in theCzechoslovakstateconceptfromthestartand the bankruptcy of thisconcepteven beforethe Munich agreementhad announceditsend. According to R. J. W. Evans thetriangular connections betweenCzechs, Slovaksand Hungarians, heavilyburdenedby a problematicpastand complexminority issues,seemtohaveimpacted strongest upon reciprocalnegativeperceptionsbetween Prague and Budapest. Tatjana Tönsmeyer arguesthatSlovakattitudes and policiesduring WorldWar Two were by no means solelythe outcomeof Germanoppression. JifiKocian comments uponCzech-Slovak relations between1944and 1948. Anotherset of contributions deals with(Sudeten)Germanpresencein Czechoslovakia, whichis generally perceived as thegreatest challenge to the Czechoslovakstateconcept.Mark Cornwalltreatsthe Henleinmovement withthecautiousness itdeserves after overhalfa century ofideologically or emotionally chargedperceptions. CornwallunravelsHenlein'sworldview from thecontexts ofhispossibilities and limits within Czechoslovakia, rather thana prioriwithin a largerGermannationalsocialist context. He stresses reviews 777 thatHenlein'sSudetendeutsche Parteiforsometimehouseddifferent strategies forSudetenGermanfuture, amongwhichof coursewere pro-Berlin policies, but also federalist Czechoslovak solutions.CatherineAlbrecht displays howbothCzechsand GermansintheCzech landsdeployed protectionist economicpolicies,beforeand after191 8. A finalcontribution in this thematic field onceagaintakeson thepost-war SudetenGermantransfer and brings together recentaccountsofthiscontroversial page in Czech-German history. Interestingly, ZdenëkRadvanovsky closeshischapterwithissuesof resettlement, whichgivesgood indications about theimpactofthetransfer and chaosofmassmigration itwas partof. Two chapters devotedtoBritish-Czechoslovak relations underline theroots of the volume.Vit Smetana and Keith Robbins addressBritishpolicies towards theCzechoslovak Republic, withthelatter solely focusing onMunich. Smetana parallels two key momentsin Britishpolicy-making towards Czechoslovakia(1938-39and 1947-48).In thisextremely well documented chapter theauthorclaimsthatCzechoslovakia wastwiceinone decadeatthe very heartofcrucialchangesinBritish foreign policy, eventhough bothcountries werenotparticularly wellconnected. In a morepersonalaccountKeith Robbinsrevisits British attitudes about1938and inparticular hisownMunich igj8 (London,1968). One oftheimplicit and tastefully notoverly programmatic preconceptions oftheseanalysesis thatinterwar Czechoslovakia was verymuchconnected withthemaincurrents ofEuropeanhistory and was notsolelyan islandof democracy or simply an anomalyin CentralEurope.This is greatly appreciated . The choice ofpapersand thedesignof thevolumesuggest thatthe editorswere trying to findmiddlegroundbetweena history of interwar Czechoslovakia and thematically arranged results ofcurrent research. Melissa Feinberg'sin itselfveryconvincing chapteron opposingopinionsabout women'srights and theirimpacton thenationalquestionin Czechoslovakia illustrates this.Moreover, giventhetitle and thescopeofthevolumeaccounts ofdomestic fascist and particularly communist partiesbeforeand during the warwouldhavebeenwelcomeadditions. However, theacademicstandard andinnovation oftheindividual contributionsare almostwithout exceptionof rare quality.The readerwithsome knowledge ofthisera in Czechoslovakia, CentralEuropeor,in fact,Europe at largewillfindthiscollection an excellent enrichment thatputsnotonly interwar Czechoslovakia, but first of all the development of nationaland fascist strands in interwar Europein context. Department ofEuropean Studies Carlos W. C. Reijnen Universität vanAmsterdam Plach, Eva. The Clash of Moral Nations:CulturalPoliticsin PilsudskïsPoland, ig26-igjj. Ohio University PressPolishand Polish-American Studies Series.Ohio University Press,Athens, OH, 2006. xvi + 262 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index.$42.95. We areallfamiliar withthesituation wherewe,theaut] aboutthetitle ofa recently completed book.Our dream hors, havea clearidea lsareusually shattered ...

The Clash of Moral Nations: Cultural Politics in Piłsudski's Poland, 1926-1935. Ohio University Press Polish and Polish-American Studies Series by Eva Plach (review)

reviews 777 thatHenlein'sSudetendeutsche Parteiforsometimehouseddifferent strategies forSudetenGermanfuture, amongwhichof coursewere pro-Berlin policies, but also federalist Czechoslovak solutions.CatherineAlbrecht displays howbothCzechsand GermansintheCzech landsdeployed protectionist economicpolicies,beforeand after191 8. A finalcontribution in this thematic field onceagaintakeson thepost-war SudetenGermantransfer and brings together recentaccountsofthiscontroversial page in Czech-German history. Interestingly, ZdenëkRadvanovsky closeshischapterwithissuesof resettlement, whichgivesgood indications about theimpactofthetransfer and chaosofmassmigration itwas partof. Two chapters devotedtoBritish-Czechoslovak relations underline theroots of the volume.Vit Smetana and Keith Robbins addressBritishpolicies towards theCzechoslovak Republic, withthelatter solely focusing onMunich. Smetana parallels two key momentsin Britishpolicy-making towards Czechoslovakia(1938-39and 1947-48).In thisextremely well documented chapter theauthorclaimsthatCzechoslovakia wastwiceinone decadeatthe very heartofcrucialchangesinBritish foreign policy, eventhough bothcountries werenotparticularly wellconnected. In a morepersonalaccountKeith Robbinsrevisits British attitudes about1938and inparticular hisownMunich igj8 (London,1968). One oftheimplicit and tastefully notoverly programmatic preconceptions oftheseanalysesis thatinterwar Czechoslovakia was verymuchconnected withthemaincurrents ofEuropeanhistory and was notsolelyan islandof democracy or simply an anomalyin CentralEurope.This is greatly appreciated . The choice ofpapersand thedesignof thevolumesuggest thatthe editorswere trying to findmiddlegroundbetweena history of interwar Czechoslovakia and thematically arranged results ofcurrent research. Melissa Feinberg'sin itselfveryconvincing chapteron opposingopinionsabout women'srights and theirimpacton thenationalquestionin Czechoslovakia illustrates this.Moreover, giventhetitle and thescopeofthevolumeaccounts ofdomestic fascist and particularly communist partiesbeforeand during the warwouldhavebeenwelcomeadditions. However, theacademicstandard andinnovation oftheindividual contributionsare almostwithout exceptionof rare quality.The readerwithsome knowledge ofthisera in Czechoslovakia, CentralEuropeor,in fact,Europe at largewillfindthiscollection an excellent enrichment thatputsnotonly interwar Czechoslovakia, but first of all the development of nationaland fascist strands in interwar Europein context. Department ofEuropean Studies Carlos W. C. Reijnen Universität vanAmsterdam Plach, Eva. The Clash of Moral Nations:CulturalPoliticsin PilsudskïsPoland, ig26-igjj. Ohio University PressPolishand Polish-American Studies Series.Ohio University Press,Athens, OH, 2006. xvi + 262 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index.$42.95. We areallfamiliar withthesituation wherewe,theaut] aboutthetitle ofa recently completed book.Our dream hors, havea clearidea lsareusually shattered 778 SEER, 87, 4, OCTOBER 2OOg bythepublishers intruding witha heavydoseofrealism and imposing a title whichis marketable, evenifnotnecessarily an appropriate reflection ofthe book'scontent. In thiscase the title, whichis long and complex,does littleto indicate whatthereadercan expect.WhatEva Plachhas offered is an intelligent and well-researched debate on Polishsociety s responseto the rilsudskicoup. Althoughthe titlewould suggestthatcultureratherthanpoliticswas the author'smain preoccupation, in realitythisis an outstanding analysisof thetraumaexperienced byPolesin thewakeoftherealization thatindependence ,on itsown account,would not be a guaranteeof politicalstability and nationalunity. Thus theauthorquestions whatitwasthatsections ofthe Polishcommunity expectedafterindependence.By analysingthe general senseofdisappointment and disillusionment withPoland'spolitical life, Plach hasoffered an interesting explanation as towhythecoupandPilsudski himself wereseenbymanyas a force forstability. The bookisnotmerely an attempt to understand thewayinwhicheconomicproblems and political turbulence leftmanycitizensbewildered, it is in effect a debate on the gap between dreamsofindependence fostered during thepartition periodand therealities ofself-governance. Plachfocuses on thepublicassumption thatthePilsudski coupwouldlead to a processofmoralrenewaland rebirth. She putsforward thesuggestion thatthestudyof thecoup as a reactionto thepoliticalbankruptcy which characterized theperiodis too narrowand insteadproposesto debatethe conceptofsanacja as a processofpoliticaland cultural healing.This is done by analysingletterssent to Pilsudski, and examiningthe mobilization of women'sorganizations. Plachpoints outthatduring theinterwar periodPoles notonlyfacedtherealities ofindependence, butpossibly moreimportantly a crisis ofmodernization. Thussocialexpectations werenotonlyfocused onthe hope thatthecoup wouldlead to economicstability and political unity, but thatitwouldresolve thedilemma whichfacedPolesina worldinwhichthey couldnolonger putthequestforindependence as theonlypriority. As Poland becamean independent stateso Poleshad tofinda consensus on a variety of issues,ofwhichPlach identifies women'srolein society as one ofthemost difficult toresolve. Thisledtodiscussions onwomen'sparticipation inpolitics, on childcare, education, birthcontrol and abortion. The authorsuccessfully arguesthathavingelevatedPolishwomento therole of thecustodians of national morality during thepartition period, itwasdifficult toarguethatthey shouldnotbe activeinpolitics oncePolandhad becomeindependent. Hence a highdegreeofwomen'ssupport forthesanacja government. If Piisudski's aim was to lead to a nationalmoralrenewal, womencouldand indeeddid, claimtheright to fully participate in thatprocess. Plachtakesthedebatefurther byshowing howthemobilization ofwomen's organizations in supportof the regimeand its statedobjectivesbrought themintoconflict withthereactionary forces, theCatholicChurchand the NationalDemocratswhosaw thisas a signofdeviancy and an attack on the socialorderwhichrequiredwomento focusselflessly on family matters. In attacking thosewho supported thepost 1926regimetheopposition did not focuson theissueofdemocracy and thesanacja!?, abuseofpower,buton the reviews 779 supposedbetrayal ofnationalinterests, whichtheyclaimedwereunderattack from theMasons,Jewsand Bolsheviks. In the finalchapterPlach states'the May coup both triggered and reflected strident debate about the moralhealthof the newlyindependent nation- debate about modernity and the pace of social change,about publicandprivate mores, nationalidentities, and cultural boundaries' (p. 158). This is what the authorhas succeededin analysingin a lucid and wellresearched book. The interwar periodin Polishhistory wouldbenefit from further research. Eva Plach has certainly...

Construção de banco de termos identificados em registros de enfermagem utilizando a CIPE®

This research exploratory-descriptive, was developed with the objectives to and other terminologies of nursing, the meaning of the identify, in the CIPE® terms related with nursing phenomena, identified and mapping in the Medical Clinic of the HULW/UFPB; to develop theoretical definitions for the terms and classified in the Axes Focus and Judgment and not constant in the ICNP® and to construct the base of terms identified in the Medical Clinic and classified in the ICNP® Version 1.0, the Axes Focus and Judgment. In the construction of the base of terms, four procedures of the terminological methodology had been followed: identification and evaluation of the specialized documentation, delimitation of the thematic field, establishment of the tree of terms to be definite, and compilation of the data extracted for constitution of the theoretical definitions. After the elaboration of the definitions the same ones had been submitted to a process of analysis and consensus, passing then to constitute the Data base of Terms of the composed Medical Clinic of 210 terms. The results of this research had represented a positive exchange of experiences between the involved people in this process of construction, having provided one real possibility de campus of studies, as well as the appropriation of this base of terms as instrument of work and production of the knowledge for the team of nursing of the Medical Clinic of the related institution. Key words : Nursing; Terminology; Vocabulary; Nursing Records.

As vicissitudes da pesquisa e da teoria no campo da política social

É fato conhecido que nenhuma disciplina científica ou corpo sistematizado de conhecimentos é produzido sem o concurso da pesquisa. Mas, o que nem todos sabem é que a construção do conhecimento não depende só do uso correto, competente e imaginoso de metodologias. Ao lado da aplicação de métodos e técnicas de captação e compreensão da realidade, há de se proceder previamente à delimitação do campo temático do estudo, ou a demarcação da problemática central, a partir do qual será possível decidir pela metodologia mais apropriada. É que sem uma definição adequada da temática, muitas descobertas ditas científicas, porque baseadas apenas em metodologias confiáveis, tornam-se pouco pertinentes e sem sentido de prioridade. Daí por que toda e qualquer produção de conhecimento científico precisa realizar a unidade de duas dimensões principais: a metodológica e a substantiva.

The effects of solo status on women’s and men’s success: The moderating role of the performance context

A considerable body of research has shown that being the only representative of one's gender group (solo status) when performing an activity affects women more than men. The aim of our two experiments was to show that the performance context can moderate the effects of numerical status (majority vs. solo) on performance and that men can also be disadvantaged by solo status. Our proposal is that a groupwork context which makes the "leader" stereotype more salient will be more beneficial to men while an intergender comparison context in a typically feminine thematic field will tend to favor women. To test this hypothesis, the numerical status of the women and men was manipulated while they were performing a task presented as a human and social sciences test in either a groupwork or intergender comparison context. As expected, the solo women were less successful in the groupwork context than in the intergender comparison context (Experiment 1) whereas the solo men were less successful in the intergender comparison context than in the groupwork context (Experiment 2). The role of the performance context and the gender stereotypes that it foregrounds seems to be a key factor in the effects of solo status on performance.

The role of governments in corporate social responsibility: characterising public policies on CSR in Europe

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) aims to better integrate social and environmental concerns into business routines on a voluntary basis. The present article is concerned with the political side of the management approach. By systematically characterising the public policies on CSR throughout Europe, it first complements the existing, often unsystematic, accounts of how governments address CSR (mostly provided in management journals). Second, it also brings the issue closer to political science. After explaining why governments show interest in CSR, the article introduces CSR as a voluntary contribution to sustainable development. It then develops a typology of CSR policies that distinguishes five types of policy instruments (legal, economic, informational, partnering and hybrid) and four thematic fields of action (raise awareness, improve transparency, foster socially responsible investment and lead by example). Based on this systematic description of CSR policies, the article explores what CSR and the respective public policies imply for business–government relations as well as the changing patterns of regulation. It concludes that CSR started out as a neo-liberal concept that helped to downscale government regulations, but that it has in turn matured into a more progressive approach of societal co-regulation in recent years. Regarding the effectiveness and the opportunity costs of this new pattern of governance, the article emphasises that the respective assessment gaps should be filled by case study research.

The Indicative Power of A Key Word System. A Quantitative Analysis of the Key Words in the Translation Studies Bibliography

Over the last decades, Translation Studies has explicitly tried to develop and regard itself as an interdiscipline. This evolution, as well as this self-esteem, has not only widened the focus of the field, it has also created a sometimes unclear eclecticism of topics, influences and methods. Characteristic of a still not too well-established and not always acknowledged discipline, research in Translation Studies has been looking for common interests and common grounds with other disciplines in an ambitious, but often unstructured way. The new online Translation Studies Bibliography (TSB - first release October 2004), which concentrates on the last decade, is used here as a tool for the analysis of the multiplicity of influences. Expanded several times a year, the TSB offers more than 7,000 annotated entries and uses a sophisticated key word system. The quantitative analysis of these key words and their thematic fields indicate the priorities in the dissemination of TS research over the past decade. How does research on translation today reflect this assumption? Is research on literary translation still as widespread as it was in the eighties? What is the relationship between publications on the ‘cultural turn’ and those on the ‘power turn’? The results of this analysis may indicate emphases and research priorities for the next decade in Translation Studies.

“Pfeile mit Widerhaken”: On the Aphorisms in Goethe’s Wahlverwandtschaften and Wanderjahre

IN A LETTER TO WILHELM in she describes how she found the key to the mysterious Kastchen, Hersilie includes a sketch of the object along with a remarkable commentary: Hier aber, mein Freund, nun schlieslich zu dieser Abbildung des Ratsels sagen Sie? Erinnert es nicht an mit Widerhaken? sei uns gnadig I (FA 10:599)1 In the Middle Ages, barbed arrows were used for killing horses in battle; if one accidentally wounded a knight, the only way to prevent serious damage was to push the arrow further through his body and remove it when it emerged on the other side.2 The protagonist of Goethe's Torquato Tasso describes his rejection by the princess as precisely such a barbed arrow; and begs his friend Antonio to pull on it so that he can feel all the more keenly the force that tears him apart (V: 5). In contrast, Hersilie 's exclamation Gott sei uns gnadig! is not meant so earnestly. After all, she knows that the key is not really a barb, but simply ein winzig kleines, stachlichtes Etwas that she has found in the jacket of Felix's friend Fitz (FA 10:598). Most critics interpret Hersilie's description of the key as a barbed arrow by visualizing it as an arrow shot by Cupid that sticks fast and cannot be pulled out.3 I would like to show, however, that the metaphor goes well beyond this familiar cultural reference. The puzzling key is one of three objects in the Wanderjahre that have, as it were, two aspects :Wilhelm's medical kit, described as Brieftasche, halb Besteck (FA 10:299), the casket itself, at once a Kastchen and a Prachtbuchlein (FA 10:302), and the key whose shape resembles Pfeile mit Widerhaken (FA 10:599). These hybrid objects, I argue, are connected in crucial ways with the aphorisms that are included at the end of books two and three of the Wanderjahre. What ties them together is their fundamental ambiguity and the challenge it poses for the reader of the novel. Before approaching the aphorism collections in the Wanderjahre, it will be helpful to look first at those in Wahlverwandtschaften. As Gerhard Neumann has demonstrated, the aphorisms in Ottilie's Tagebuch are artfully composed: on the one hand, they form ein festes Schema and on the other, they contain arationale Momente.4 Die 'intendierte Ganzheit' der Erkenntnis, he continues, beruht paradoxerweise gerade auf der Offenheit und inneren Beweglichkeit der Gruppe.5 Building on Neumann's insight, I see this paradox of the aphorisms as at once a reflection of Ottilie's nature and a structure she is fundamentally incapable of grasping. In essence, her diary is a commonplace book in which she notes thoughts and observations and, in the later parts of the novel, copies other people's aphorisms from a book someone has given her. Copying out aphorisms and maxims was a technique frequently used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to familiarize pupils with Latin vocabulary and syntax; gradually, the learner acquired a differentiated understanding of entire thematic fields.6 In discussions about the usefulness of commonplace books during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, proponents of the method argued that it served to inculcate rational principles of memorization.7 Ottilie, however, is incapable of learning in this way as the assistant at her boarding school explains, because she needs to have connections spelled out explicitly: Sie steht unfahig, ja stockisch vor einer leicht faslichen Sache, die fur sie mit nichts zusammenhangt. Kann man aber die Mittelglieder finden und ihr deutlich machen, so ist ihr das Schwerste begreiflich (FA 8:294). Copying aphorisms is precisely the wrong method to induct her into the educated culture of her day, because these highly condensed reflections depend on the learner's ability to perceive connections at which they only hint. This becomes apparent when Ottilie copies well-known aphorisms and explains them in a subtly skewed ways. …

Encountering Nanotechnology in an Interactive Exhibition

This article offers findings from a learning sciences-informed evaluation of a nanoscience and nanotechnology exhibition called Nano-Aventura (NanoAdventure), based on four interactive-collaborative games and two narrated videos. This traveling exhibition was developed in Brazil by the Museu Exploratório de Ciências for children and teenagers (ages 9 to 14), but it was also open to the general public. We report findings from a mixed-methods study incorporating questionnaires completed by visiting school children (n=814) and the general public (n=338) and interviews with school visitors (n=23). We found that nanoscience and nanotechnology were completely unknown subjects for this audience. However, after visiting NanoAventura, most visitors, regardless of age, learned to identify small scale length or the concept of tiny particles. We demonstrate how the NanoAventura experience was a successful learning environment for approaching new ideas and discovering the nanoworld in order to inform understanding of learning processes relative to a novel and complex thematic field.

Innovationsgeschichte als Gesellschaftsgeschichte

This article evaluates a variety of recent attempts to conceptualize a history of innovations from the perspective of social history. Special emphasis is given to approaches arguing for a paradigm shift from innovation systems to innovation cultures, in particular by focussing on users as co-designers of technology. The concept of the co-construction of technology has been implemented especially in the thematic field of the integration and disintegration of Europe. The growing circulation of scientific knowledge and technical goods resulted in the »invention of Europeanness« in the long 20th century. This article contributes to the discussion by examining scientifically constructed user projections in the American and German automobile industries.

Reporting an Exemplary Life as a Participating Citizen

"The everyday life of the quintessential philosopher of everyday life remained anonymous" (p. xi). This conviction is the starting point of Barber's Schutz biography. Barber shows Schutz as a sensitive man, in touch with his past and his memories, and continually open to the experience of beauty, whether in art or in nature (p. 151). This new biography truly reflects the expansive presence and influence of Schutz' s thought in the social sciences. Barber's biography of Schutz as a participating citizen has to be seen as the congenial complement to Helmut Wagner's intellectual biography, published in 1983. Barber also proceeds chronologically, but he follows the different steps of Schutz's life more strictly. Barber aims to uncover Schutz's everyday life. His new portrait thus centers on Schutz's activities in practical life, focusing on his business activities, his family affairs, and his continuous care for his friends. The result is a biographical portrait that puts the complex circumstances of Schutz's life into perspective. Its manifold topics are organized in different thematic fields, including scientific controversies, constellations of friends, and economic and juristic activities for the Reitler company. Starting with Schutz's early Vienna years, Barber reiterates the well-known thesis that Schutz's philosophical (theoretical) development followed two phases. Schutz thinking followed that of May Weber and Henri Bergson in the years 19191928 when he studied with von Mises and Kelsen, before he discovered the works of Husserl, whose philosophy formed his thinking after 1928. Due to the specific aim of this biography, this part could have been investigated in more detail. While Weber stands for the sociological tradition to which Schutz's writing is devoted, Bergson and especially Husserl stand for the philosophical tradition upon which Schutz's work is grounded. Beyond these accepted observations, Barber provides the novel argument that Schutz's analyses of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister bridge from

Thematic field of confessional theology of Ukraine

Ukraine is a multi-confessional state. Here, various worldview systems coexist, often syncretizing various traditional elements, and the individual worldview is often marked by eclecticism. The colorful worldviews of modern Ukrainians are a consequence of their ambiguous spiritual history and the manifestation of today's world-wide processes in the world. For this reason, we cannot speak of any particular theological system that substantiates one religious concept. Instead, we can trace some common trends in different theological systems that in one way or another attempt to satisfy the contemporary worldviews of believing Ukrainians.

Internationalization in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area: Images, Discourses and Metaphors

This paper investigates promotional images in the Metropolitan Area of Helsinki, focusing on the projection, outside national boundaries, of specific “ideas” concerning the cities of Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa. After introducing the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, presenting its geographical features, urban dynamics, actual problems and actors involved in image-building, the focus of this research will be a comparison between the images proposed in promotional materials and policy documents by the various territorial units, looking at their differences, overlaps, synergies and clashes. In fact, as will be discussed, even if the images proposed by the cities consist of the same thematic fields (technology, nature, culture, etc.), they contain slightly different implicit messages, targets, representations of the cities, values, strategic orientations and approaches.

Experience and Innovation

EditorialExperience and InnovationGerd BohnerGerd BohnerSearch for more papers by this authorPublished OnlineJanuary 01, 2008https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.39.1.1PDFView Full Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInReddit SectionsMoreFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 39Issue 1January 2008ISSN: 1864-9335eISSN: 2151-2590 Published online2008 tabs.informationSocial Psychology (2008), 39, pp. 1-1 https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.39.1.1.© 2008Hogrefe & Huber PublishersPDF download

Perception of attractiveness and image of regional cities in Czechia on the example of university students in České Budějovice and Ústí nad Labem

This article deals with perceptions and spatial preferences of people. The main aim is to find out how university students perceive and evaluate attractiveness and image of regional cities of Czechia. The research is based on a questionnaire inquiry made in the cities of České Budějovice and Ústí nad Labem during March and April 2006. Three key thematic fields are examined - work, residential and recreational preferences. The results of the survey are further compared with an objective ranking composed of a group of socio-economic indicators. It was proved that perception of attractiveness is in reality influenced by subjective factors and therefore preference behaviour of students is different from the results of an objective evaluation.

Modèles et pensées de l’expression : perspectives microgénétiques

Theories and Models of Expression : a Microgenetic Perspective. We assess the contribution of microgenetic thinking to “expressivist” and semiotic theories of perception. Three layers of expression are distinguished : (i) originary expressivity of experience, (ii) action as expression, and (iii) expression as institution, this latter layer involving the necessity of re-expression and of reprise, along with a diversification of genres and modalities (virtual/ actual, possible / necessary). As we proceed, we delineate the core issues of “expressivism” and define a generic this latter layer involving the necessity of re-expression and of reprise, along with a diversifica-tion of genres and modalities (virtual/ actual, possible / necessary). As we proceed, we delineate the core issues of “ expressivism” and define a generic framework on which to base a theory of expression. Mathematical models of actualization and theories of thematic field and of thematization provide in this respect valuable conceptual tools. The question of reprise is then restated as that of a necessary diversification of mod-alities (whether empowering or constraining) relative to different “ phases” of micro-genesis, each of which potentially involving its own modes of perception and memory. The continuous and dynamical setting laid out in the article enables us to account for various kinds of genericity that are constitutively correlated with different phases of activity (modes of organization) co-occurring in the field. Critical in this respect is the genetic concept of anticipation which subtends varying motivation building upon protention or forward tension. Depending on the phase of microgenesis, it becomes possible to highlight different modal and temporal characters involved in the constitution of forms in the field. A series of diagrams illustrates various stages of this development, which culminates in instituted semiosis and enunciation, each intrinsically related to, but distinct of, its expressive dimensions.