ABSTRACT Compassion, the desire to take action to help those in need, is a buzzword in higher education. While its champions argue that compassion is a necessity to support student wellbeing and equity of opportunity, there are concerns that not having a critical approach to compassionate policies will increase the burden on staff. To this end, we asked students from two UK universities whether and how they experience compassion on campus, with the aim of creating practical recommendations for policy and practice. Reflexive thematic analysis of focus groups with 44 students was undertaken by student and academic researchers. Three themes were generated: Compassion is evident when universities proactively acknowledge and act upon issues surrounding individual experience, with particular reference to diversity; for compassion to be the dominant culture in universities, institutions need to prioritise resources towards the student experience; and compassion exists in personal connection, which requires university systems that cultivate community. Our findings add to the conversation of critical compassion on university campuses by highlighting how the concepts of compassion, diversity and inclusion are intertwined in student experiences at university. The move from performative to proactive compassion that truly encourages students from all backgrounds to thrive is where compassion can be fostered.

Purpose When women's most common biological experience meets institutional silence, it reveals how menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) is treated even within female-dominated professions such as teaching. Despite growing attention to workplace MHH research, qualitative evidence into how menstruation is institutionally managed in educational settings remains limited. This study addresses this gap by examining how menstruation is positioned within schools, focusing on millennial female teachers of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a qualitative design using semi-structured interviews with 32 millennial female higher-secondary school teachers (both government and private). Thematic analysis followed Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-phase framework, guided by an integrated analytical approach to capture behavioural, institutional and socio-cultural influences on MHH. Findings The findings reveal that menstrual experiences in schools are shaped by the convergence of professional expectations, perceived health considerations, organizational routines and gendered norms, rather than by individual or infrastructural constraints alone. Expectations of uninterrupted performance and bodily self-regulation render menstruation institutionally peripheral, despite its routine physiological nature, reinforcing silence and coping practices within schools. Research limitations/implications The study advances theoretically by advancing workplace MHH scholarship in two key ways. First, it responds directly to a persistent gap identified in the existing literature, the limited sector-specific theorization of menstruation within work environments and the absence of frameworks that account for behavioural, institutional and gendered mechanisms simultaneously. Second, the study advances workplace MHH and gender-inclusive organizational literature by showing that these mechanisms reinforce within the everyday functioning of a female-majority profession. Practical implications The findings offer practical insights for school management and policymakers to develop gender-responsive institutional practices and carry broader social relevance by challenging the normalization of menstrual silence within educational environments. Social implications Socially, the findings underscore the role of schools in either reproducing or challenging menstrual stigma beyond the workplace. Originality/value This is among the first to examine MHH in the education sector, offering a sector-specific and institutionally grounded contribution to workplace MHH research, positioning menstruation as a relevant organizational and equity issue in schools rather than a private matter of individual management.

Purpose Few if any information practice frameworks enact a two-way dialogue between marginalized populations and institutions to foster mutual understanding and enact positive, meaningful and sustainable change. In response, this article conceptualizes a new category of information practices called Requited Reclamative Information Practices (RRIPs), which seek to reshape institutional information practices in partnership with marginalized populations. Design/methodology/approach It explores RRIPs through examination of contextual factors such as professional domain, identity and geography in a case study of aging services providers and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender plus (LGBT+) people 50 years and older in East Tennessee, USA. This includes discussion of interview and focus group data collected with LGBT+ older adults and survey submissions from service providers, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings The case study results in the identification of four examples of RRIPs co-constructed by and implemented by a group of LGBT+ older adults, service providers and researchers. It also demonstrates a process for improving institutional information practices so that marginalized populations have the support necessary to meet their information needs and remove related information barriers. Research limitations/implications This study represents one deployment of RRIPs. Other research should test RRIPs with differing populations in various contexts. The findings expand current understandings of information marginalization theory and information practices. Originality/value This study is among the first information practice frameworks to enact a two-way dialogue between marginalized populations and institutions. It could encourage additional research and changes to information practices, which would make them more useful for supporting marginalized populations.

Purpose This study aims to analyze the collaborative dynamics of the integrated public service delivery model in Minas Gerais, Brazil, examining how interorganizational relationships, governance arrangements and coordination mechanisms shape collaborative performance in a hybrid, multilevel context. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study was conducted using document analysis and semi-structured interviews with key actors involved in the management and operation of the Unidades de Atendimento Integrado system. The data were analyzed through thematic content analysis and interpreted using Ferolla and Passador (2014) framework, which evaluates collaboration across three dimensions: participation, representativeness and publicization. Findings Findings show that, despite the existence of formal coordination mechanisms and hybrid governance structures, collaborative performance remains limited. Excessive centralization, rigid standardization, fragmented accountability chains and the absence of deliberative and participatory processes undermine horizontal collaboration and restrict frontline autonomy. As a result, the collaborative potential of integrated service centers is only partially realized. Research limitations/implications Although limited to a single case, the findings identify mechanisms that are likely to appear in similar integrated service models, especially those operating in multilevel governance settings. Future studies may compare alternative models across regions or countries. Practical implications The results underscore the need for clearer accountability structures, shared performance indicators, strengthened interorganizational coordination routines and expanded discretion for frontline managers. Establishing participatory channels and reducing excessive centralization can enhance collaborative performance and improve service outcomes. Social implications Strengthening collaboration in integrated citizen service centers can improve accessibility, reduce bureaucratic barriers, enhance responsiveness and build public trust in state institutions. Originality/value This study advances the literature on collaborative governance by examining an underrepresented territorial context and demonstrating that formal integration and hybrid governance arrangements do not guarantee effective collaboration. It highlights the enabling conditions – shared authority, mutual trust and participatory structures – required for integrated service delivery to generate collaborative capacity and public value.

Purpose This study examines citizens' engagement with information during the COVID-19 crisis. While the desire for information intensifies during health crises, such circumstances pose challenges to citizens' ability of to adapt to new situations. Familiar information behaviour, such as seeking and scanning intertwine with collective sensemaking to navigate the situation successfully. While citizen-led adaptation is crucial in public crisis management, limited academic attention has focused on understanding the process of information engagement. The purpose of the study is to investigate how information behaviour and collective sensemaking jointly support adaptation from public management viewpoint. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study were provided by 30 semi-structured interviews with members of COVID-19-related Facebook groups. All participants were from Finland, which provided the context for the study. Abductive thematic analysis and narrative practices were applied to analyse the interviews. Findings The findings revealed that while citizens' information engagement shared patterns, it manifested in distinctive ways in terms of information behaviours and epistemic ideals. We assign four profiles to encapsulate the narratives elicited: Attendants, Mainstreamers, Outriders and Tribesmen. Originality/value This article contributes to the discourse on citizens' information behaviour and sensemaking in informal environments. By focusing on citizens' viewpoints concerning adaptation in times of crisis, the findings contribute to the literature on public crisis management in societal emergencies.

ABSTRACT Principals are positioned at the heart of professional development in schools as their engagement has significant consequences for the ways in which professional development is enacted. However, little is known about how principals engage with professional development generally, and action research more specifically, in physical education. Therefore, in this study, we explore how five principals reflect on their engagement in a two-year action research project using individual semi-structured interviews. Through a thematic analysis we develop three themes highlighting various patterns across the principals’ reflections. In the first theme, ‘Reflecting on their engagement from and with different positions’, we showcase how principals engage in action research in different ways and to varying degrees. In the second theme, ‘Reflecting on action research from a tension between trust and the need for visible change’, we present what we found to be a tension among principals between the need for documentable changes and their wish to trust in action research processes that do not necessarily lead to observable change. In our third theme, ‘Reflecting on their engagement in action research as “business as usual”, we elaborate on how principals’ reflect on how schools are always in development mode, but also how action research makes these processes more explicit and visible. Overall, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of principals’ engagement, an area that has been under-explored in the action research literature in physical education.

ABSTRACT Purpose Community-based organizations (CBOs) are increasingly providing violence prevention programming and services. However, researchers have found that many of these organizations struggle to implement evidence-based practices or face administrative burdens of managing the grants that fund the organization. The current study sought to further explore facilitators and barriers of CBOs receiving state funding. Materials and Methods Participants included 29 individuals who led grant writing or implementation efforts at a CBO receiving at least one violence prevention grant from a large state agency. Online focus groups were held, and reflexive thematic analysis was conducted. Results We divided the major themes into two categories: facilitators and barriers. Facilitators included: 1) these grants were a financial lifeline for organizations providing violence prevention services, helping expand organizations’ capacity; and 2) grantees expressed satisfaction with the funder when there was clear and regular communication. Barriers included: 1) rigid application, reporting and budgeting requirements; 2) delays in reimbursement that hindered grants administration; and 3) an under-resourced state agency impacting the overall grant process. Grantees discussed the importance of and recommended fostering community and collaboration among violence prevention organizations. Discussion These results have implications for funders to consider when administering funds, supporting organizations, building community, and reporting requirements for violence prevention efforts. Recommendations for funders are provided, including streamlining budget requirements, providing training and technical assistance, and creating more opportunities for collaboration. Conclusion As more community-based organizations are funded to implement violence prevention services, funders need to review procedures to ensure equity throughout grant applications and implementation.

The integration of English audio-visual (AV) materials has been widely promoted as an effective approach for enhancing speaking skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts; however, a persistent gap remains between its theoretical potential and classroom implementation in Indonesia. This qualitative case study aims to investigate perceptions and challenges of using AV materials for speaking skill development, examining both student and teacher perspectives. The study employed an applied qualitative research design, collecting data through Google Forms, classroom observations, and document analysis, involving two English teachers and 13 students at a private language institute in Lhokseumawe, Indonesia. Thematic analysis revealed a systemic misalignment between stakeholders. Students perceived AV materials as engaging, anxiety-reducing, and essential for accessing authentic language input, and they expressed a strong preference for interactive and creative speaking activities. In contrast, teachers, despite recognizing the pedagogical value of AV materials, faced significant constraints, including limited preparation time, unstable technological infrastructure, exam-oriented curricular pressures, and insufficient Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). This TPACK deficiency led to predominantly input-focused and pedagogically simplified use of AV materials, limiting opportunities for meaningful spoken output. The study concludes that the primary barrier to effective AV integration lies not in technological access but in interconnected institutional, professional, and curricular constraints. To address this gap, the study proposes a tripartite framework consisting of institutional support re-engineering, TPACK-oriented professional development, and curricular realignment to legitimize AV-mediated speaking practice. These findings provide context-sensitive recommendations for transforming AV use from passive consumption into active speaking production in Indonesian EFL classrooms.

Field workers or research assistants (RAs) are commonly employed within community-based trials. Training provided for RAs, however, is often limited to the technical elements of research, with little-to-no training to help them navigate the ethical challenges they may encounter while working in community-based settings. The main objective of this study was to explore the challenges faced by RAs working as part of a novel housing initiative, to describe the impact these challenges had on their work and wellbeing, and to outline approaches taken by RAs in facing these challenges. A qualitative interview guide was piloted and refined for key informant interviews (KIIs) with research assistants (RAs) working on the Star Homes intervention in Mtwara, southern Tanzania. A total of 16 KIIs were conducted with all available RAs. These data were supplemented with 47 documents that comprised 31 case studies and 16 observation notes. The interviews were conducted in Kiswahili, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated into English. All transcripts underwent line-by-line coding in NVivo and were analysed using thematic analysis. Principal challenges included difficulties related to RAs' roles and responsibilities, including having to travel long distances for data collection. Most prominent, however, were ethical challenges, including witnessing the suffering of study participants. RAs unanimously expressed being most distressed by encountering children who were neglected or subjected to abuse, including several cases of child sexual abuse (CSA), as part of their work. Clear engagement strategies with communities and authorities are essential to support RAs in reporting and follow-up. Training and resources are urgently needed to prepare field staff, mitigate moral distress, and protect research participants from harmful behaviours.

ABSTRACT This study examined the leadership practices of middle leaders with a particular focus on three roles: staff development, supervision, and strategy. The aim was to explore how these roles, together with relational practices of middle leaders, support teachers’ professional learning in primary Trust Schools in Malaysia. Employing a qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 middle school leaders in primary schools in Perlis, Malaysia and analysed using thematic analysis. Our findings reveal that middle leaders in Malaysian primary Trust Schools enact their staff development, supervisory, and strategic roles in ways that are relational and dialogic. By advocating for teachers, customising support, facilitating collaboration, modelling supervisory practice, utilising data-informed decision-making, and sustaining a culture of growth and innovation, they enable teacher professional learning in schools. This research provides important insights into recognising and strengthening the relational aspects of middle leadership as they are enablers for effective teacher professional learning and development.

Against the backdrop of increasing international calls for the development and implementation of integrated person-centered care that address both quality and access issues to improve adolescent and youth health services, this paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for integrating Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) prevention into pregnancy prevention routineservices in Vhembe District, to improve teenagers' health outcomes. A convergent triangulation mixed methods design was used for comparing and contrasting of quantitative and qualitative data to determine the extent of agreement between the two data types to generate contextual findings. In this study, employing both quantitative data were collected through questionnaires on a sample of healthcare workers (n = 112) providing Adolescent and Youth-Friendly Services to evaluate programme effectiveness on the high rate of teenage pregnancy and HIV infection among youth in Vhembe District. Qualitative data were collected using face-to-face interviews with nurses (n = 24) and teenagers aged 14-19 yrs (n = 28). For a richer understanding of dynamic family planning and HIV programs, face-to-face interview was conducted to explore more deeply the experiences and challenges of teenagers between the ages of 14-19years. Nurses were interviewed on the barriers and facilitators of integrating HIV, STI and pregnancy prevention services in the rural facilities of Vhembe District. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies and percentages, and qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study point out that the integrated HIV, STIs and pregnancy prevention service uptake among adolescents is likely to be influenced by social and institutional factors. It is also evident from this study that adolescents face challenges when it comes to obtaining PrEP, PEP and contraceptives in primary healthcare clinics. Provider competency reveals a disparity, with a majority 67.0% of healthcare providers trained in effective communication with adolescents with 95% Confidence Interval of [0.57-0.75] (n = 112), suggesting a high level of adoption in the population. In comparison, significantly fewer have received specific training in AYFS 16% with 95% Confidence Interval of [0.09-0.24] (n = 112) or on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) 25.9% with 95% Confidence Interval of [0.18-0.35] (n = 112), underscoring the need for a more balanced approach to training focus. The empirical findings provide evidence on challenges unique to low-resource, rural settings, contributing to global discourse on HIV and Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) integration. Consequently, 95% of the key stakeholders and experts approved the feasibility and applicability, while 92% approved the acceptability and sustainability of the proposed framework. It is recommended in this study that policy changes be implemented through an integrated health policy that recognizes the interconnectedness of HIV, STIs, and teenage pregnancy prevention to improve access to quality healthcare and education for youth.

Abstract Political ecology examines the interconnectedness of social, political, and ecological processes, offering critical insights into power dynamics, environmental governance, justice, and inequality. We examine the discipline of political ecology and its relevance in understanding the impacts of environmental changes, economic and colonial exploitation, and socioeconomic inequalities. We present an in-depth critical analysis of key debates and themes in contemporary political ecology: decolonial approaches and inclusion of Indigenous knowledge, climate justice and uneven distribution of climate vulnerabilities, posthumanism and more-than-human governance, and Anthropocene and Capitalocene. This paper discusses the economic drivers and structural solutions to climate adaptation. By highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of political ecology, this study illustrates how recent advancements in the field contribute to the development of more equitable environmental governance and global sustainability initiatives. The study discusses the implications and future directions of political ecology, emphasising the need to decolonise the field, address intersecting social categories, apply Indigenous knowledge and knowledge co-production, engage with environmental justice movements, and critically examine AI-mediated climate governance and decision-making.

ABSTRACT Following a workshop at the CARN (Collaborative Action Research Network) 2022 conference, this research brought together five practitioner-researchers to consider our underpinning values and beliefs relating to action research. The ethical process of action research is driven by values, beliefs and reflexive practice; however, less is known about how engagement with action research might shape these values and beliefs. We co-designed a qualitative study comprising triad interviews whereby each co-researcher rotated into the role of interviewer, interviewee and observer. An iterative thematic analysis involving individual transcript coding and collaborative theme refinement generated six over-arching themes: Intention and action; Resistance and change; Researcher identity; Power and empowerment; Commitment; Equity, democracy and respect. We explored both how we each understand values and beliefs in the context of action research, and how we, as a research team, navigated those values and beliefs in practice. We argue that each of us has a personal responsibility to achieve quality action research; however, ways in which this can be externally supported requires thoughtful consideration.

Global Health Equity is increasingly threatened by interconnected global crises that expose systemic inequities in health systems, global health governance and evidence infrastructures. Global Collaborative Evidence Networks have emerged as mechanisms for mobilising knowledge, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and supporting decision-making across diverse contexts to address Global Health Equity. However, their potential is constrained by persistent challenges related to governance, inclusion, and power asymmetries. This review critically examines the conceptual, structural, and governance dimensions of Global Collaborative Evidence Networks to assess their potential and limitations in advancing Global Health Equity. A narrative literature review was conducted in July 2024, searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and grey literature sources. A thematic analysis of 162 included studies was conducted using Braun and Clarke's reflexive approach to identify themes and sub-themes. The review found that while Global Health Equity has emerged as a key normative framework shaped by historical, political, and socio-economic structures, its operationalisation remains fragmented, particularly in global governance and research systems. Global Collaborative Evidence Networks, positioned as vehicles to advance Global Health Equity, demonstrate considerable potential yet often reproduce entrenched power asymmetries. Substantial gaps remain in how equity, diversity, and inclusion are conceptualised and operationalised within these networks. Although many promote shared purpose and trust-based collaboration, participation and influence often concentrated in high-income institutions, reinforcing systemic and resource asymmetries. Key tensions, such as between efficiency and inclusiveness, unity and diversity, and centralisation and decentralisation, shape governance dynamics and impact who benefits from network participation. Despite the proliferation of equity-focused frameworks in global health partnerships, none have been adapted for networks, and accountability mechanisms remain weak. Theoretical perspectives from network typologies and governance modes offer valuable perspectives but require integration with intersectional and decolonial approaches to address persistent power imbalances. Global Collaborative Evidence Networks are a powerful mechanism for supporting and strengthening evidence-based decision-making to address global health inequities. However, they risk replicating existing inequities without deliberate, equity-centred governance. This review calls for the development of empirically grounded, context-sensitive frameworks to guide the equitable, diverse and inclusive design, evaluation, and governance of Global Collaborative Evidence Networks.

Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) brings distinct experiences for families, especially around social communication and understanding certain behaviours, which may require tailored support and approaches. Best practice guidelines emphasise the need for timely post-diagnostic support for parents. This study explores parents' experiences and perceived impact of a multidisciplinary psychoeducational workshop designed for parents of children with ASC, conducted in a child and young people's mental health service in the east of London, UK. Using a qualitative design with Thematic Analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 parents and carers who had attended the workshop within the past year. Findings revealed that parents found the workshop valuable, both for acquiring practical strategies to support their child and for fostering a sense of community. Some participants expressed a desire for earlier intervention and emphasised the need for follow-up support. Overall, parents reported increased understanding of their child's condition, which contributed to greater acceptance and improved family dynamics. The findings suggest that such interventions may enhance parental confidence, reduce household stress, and positively impact both child and parent wellbeing. These insights highlight the importance of accessible, ongoing support for families navigating ASC-related challenges.

Motherhood is socially obligatory in rural Punjabi, Pakistan, leaving no room for voluntary childlessness. Women facing conception challenges strive to attain motherhood, combating the stigma of being labelled childless. Using Butler's performativity theory, this study delves into the experiences of childless women striving to become mothers in the pronatalist society of Pakistan. In-depth interviews with childless women and focus group discussions with community members were conducted. The data were analysed using a thematic analysis. Results revealed that women must demonstrate mothering qualities alongside seeking treatment to validate their desire for motherhood. The study concludes that societal discourses shape childless women's lives, influencing their conscious and unconscious adherence to gendered social norms of motherhood.

The traumatic death of a child imposes profound biopsychosocial challenges on parents, disrupting their emotional, relational, and spiritual well-being. Forgiveness has been identified as a potential pathway to post-traumatic growth, yet little is known about how bereaved parents experience and construct forgiveness in the aftermath of such a loss. This qualitative study explored the meanings and processes of forgiveness among ten parents who had endured the traumatic death of their child. Using thematic analysis, four overarching themes were identified which are forgiveness as a religious imperative, forgiveness as a mutual process, and the unanticipated role of forgiveness in grieving. The findings reveal the complex and often paradoxical nature of forgiveness in parental bereavement, illuminating how forgiveness functions both as an individual and relational process, shaped by cultural, spiritual, and interpersonal contexts. This study underscores the importance of developing sensitive, contextually grounded interventions to support bereaved parents, particularly in addressing unresolved emotional struggles that extend beyond the scope of conventional professional support.

People who inject drugs (PWID) living with HIV in Vietnam experience a high prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs), which negatively impact their health, treatment adherence and overall quality of life. To address the mental health care needs of this vulnerable population, we adapted and piloted Friendship Bench, a problem-solving therapy-based mental health intervention, for people on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) who live with HIV and have CMDs in 6 MMT clinics in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2021-2023. This paper aims to explore the experience of implementing aFB and the possibility of aFB expansion from the perspectives of the intervention providers who were directly involved in the delivery of the aFB program. We conducted formal in-person interviews with aFB providers including doctors (n = 6), counselors (n = 10) and supervisors (n = 2)following aFB intervention completion. Collected data was coded using NVivo 12.0 and thematic analysis was applied. All respondents were satisfied with and praised the aFB. Most providers reported that the aFB was beneficial to both overall and mental health of the MMT patients with HIV. All counselors shared that problem-solving therapy in the aFB was new for them; nevertheless, their counseling skills improved significantly after delivering the aFB sessions. All respondents were optimistic about the expansion of the aFB in other clinics. Application of aFB as a mental health intervention for care and treatment for MMT and ART patients could be a promising approach for Vietnam to address mental health care needs for this vulnerable population. Clinical Trial Number: NCT04790201 registered 3/10/2021.

Natural water sourced from spring-fed outlets in rural territories represents a resource with the potential to generate economic value when its management is articulated through a marketing approach focused on origin, trust, and perceived quality. In Panama—particularly in the province of Coclé—the presence of these natural water sources contrasts with weakly structured commercialization practices, which restrict their positioning in local markets dominated by industrial brands. The objective of this study is to analyze the marketing and commercialization strategies associated with natural spring water in rural areas of Coclé, identifying the factors that influence consumer trust, willingness to pay, and purchase intention, as well as the opportunities for cooperative-based commercialization models oriented toward local development. The research adopts an applied mixed-methods approach. The quantitative phase involves structured surveys administered to consumers and local retailers, while the qualitative phase incorporates semi-structured interviews with producers and key stakeholders within the value chain. Data analysis integrates descriptive statistics and thematic analysis from a territorial marketing perspective. The findings indicate that rural origin, perceived purity, and trust in the water source exert a stronger influence on perceived value than price. The study concludes that origin-based and territorial marketing strategies constitute a viable pathway to strengthen the sustainable commercialization of natural water and to support inclusive local economic development in rural contexts.

Coronary revascularization decision-making for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) can be complex and challenging. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve this decision-making by bringing data-driven insights to the point of care. We aimed to elicit, collect, and analyze various stakeholders' perceived potential and challenges related to developing, implementing, and adopting AI-based CAD treatment decision support systems. A facilitated small-group discussion method, known as a World Café, was conducted with general cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, patients, caregivers, health system administrators, and industry representatives. One-on-one interviews were conducted for participants who could not attend the World Café. Perceived potential and challenges of AI-based CAD treatment decision support systems were solicited by asking participants three broad questions: (1) What is most challenging about revascularization decision-making? (2) How could an AI tool be integrated into the existing clinical workflow? (3) What are the critical components that need to be considered when developing the AI tool? Thematic analysis was performed to identify themes from the data. Nine participants completed the World Café, and 3 participants completed the one-on-one interviews. Five main themes emerged: (1) evidence-based care, (2) workload and resources, (3) data requirements (subthemes: patient-centered approach, evidence-based AI, and data integration), (4) tool characteristics (subthemes: end user built; generation and presentation of decision support information; user-friendliness and accessibility; and system logic, reasoning, and data privacy), and (5) incorporation into clinical workflow (subthemes: AI as an opportunity to improve care and knowledge translation). While health care providers aim to provide evidence-based care, CAD treatment decision-making can often be subjective due to the limited applicability of clinical practice guidelines and randomized controlled trial evidence to individual patients. AI-based clinical decision support systems may be an effective solution if the development and implementation focus on the issues identified by end users in this study (patient preference, data privacy, integration with clinical information systems, transparency, and usability).