Texture Mapping Technique Research Articles

1P1-D05 移動ロボットに搭載したLRFとカメラを用いた建物内部の三次元形状復元(3次元計測/センサフュージョン)

In this paper, we perform 3D shape reconstruction in the inside of a building by making use of 3D range information from a LRF and image from a camera equipped with a mobile robot. Abstractly, the mobile robot equip with a LRF mounted on a 2 D.O.F. (the pitch axis and the yawing axis) stand to get 3D scan data. Images from the camera are mapped on the corresponding 3D scan data by using a technique of texture mapping. Experimental results in a real environment by using a proposing method are shown. As a result, the robot moves and takes a picture from two or more points, and the mapping from these images to one 3D scanning data is achieved.

A Practical Mipmap Level Selection Method for Mapping Technique

Texture mapping technique is realized by texture filtering. Mipmap mapping technique use square filter to pre-filter the texture. Generally the image of it’s pixel on the screen is anisotropy, the method of use square as the filter is error to some extent, and the error make the projection not accurate. In this study, Mipmap texture mapping technology-based analysis of the principles and methods of pre-filtering, texture mapping for some systems require a higher accuracy, a former post as the rectangular quad division method, and the method in theory is discussed.

The Research and Implementation of Particle Effects Algorithm in Virtual Environments

As we know, when using traditional particle system to initiate the natural phenomenon, we need to deal with a lot of computation and data issues, in order solve this problem, we discuses in this chapter to combine the way of particle system and visual particle system, using vertex buffer techniques and texture mapping techniques to design elementary particle systems, which base on Visual C++ as compiler platform. using the Direct3D graphics software library to complete particle system designing ,and it successfully simulated using a small amount of particles in the flame, smoke and other special effects which not only improved the Utilization of System resources ,but also Guaranteed the Verisimilitude and Real-time in the same time.

A Method of Video Production Using Dynamic 3D Models and its Application to Making Scenes of a Crowd

This paper describes a method of producing scenes for TV programs, using “dynamic 3D human models.” Dynamic 3D human models are 3D models generated from images shot by multiple cameras surrounding an actor for each frame using 3D-reconstruction and texture-mapping techniques. They can provide highly realistic images as well as natural motions without having to use a motion-capture system. In addition, they allow production to be more flexible, enabling the positions of models to be changed or multiplying the amount used. Dynamic 3D human models are therefore suitable for producing crowd scenes. Although techniques of 3D reconstruction and texture mapping have been discussed and several applications have been proposed, they have not been widely introduced into TV or movie production, because of the huge amounts of data and insufficient textural quality. By establishing an efficient production flow with recent powerful computers and 24 HD cameras, the authors succeeded in producing crowd scenes with sufficient quality for a TV program, which will be aired in December 2009. The scenes involving 1,000 soldiers can be produced by shooting several sequences with two actors. The production flow that was established is described as well as scenes that were produced using dynamic 3D human models for a drama.

Resolution Independent NPR-Style 3D Line Textures

This work introduces a technique for interactive walk-throughs of non-photorealistically rendered (NPR) scenes using three-dimensional (3D) line primitives to define architectural features of the model, as well as indicate textural qualities. Line primitives are not typically used in this manner in favour of texture mapping techniques which can encapsulate a great deal of information in a single texture map, and take advantage of GPU optimizations for accelerated rendering. However, texture mapped images may not maintain the visual quality or aesthetic appeal that is possible when using 3D lines to simulate NPR scenes such as hand-drawn illustrations or architectural renderings. In addition, line textures can be modified interactively, for instance changing the sketchy quality of the lines. The technique introduced here extracts feature edges from a model, and using these edges, generates a reduced set of line textures which indicate material properties while maintaining interactive frame rates. A clipping algorithm is presented to enable 3D lines to reside only in the interior of the 3D model without exposing the underlying triangulated mesh. The resulting system produces interactive illustrations with high visual quality that are free from animation artifacts.

Display supersampling

Supersampling is widely used by graphics hardware to render anti-aliased images. In conventional supersampling, multiple scene samples are computationally combined to produce a single screen pixel. We consider a novel imaging paradigm that we call display supersampling , where multiple display samples are physically combined via the superimposition of multiple image subframes. Conventional anti-aliasing and texture mapping techniques are shown inadequate for the task of rendering high-quality images on supersampled displays. Instead of requiring anti-aliasing filters, supersampled displays actually require alias generation filters to cancel the aliasing introduced by nonuniform sampling. We present fundamental theory and efficient algorithms for the real-time rendering of high-resolution anti-aliased images on supersampled displays. We show that significant image quality gains are achievable by taking advantage of display supersampling. We prove that alias-free resolution beyond the Nyquist limits of a single subframe may be achieved by designing a bank of alias-canceling rendering filters. In addition, we derive a practical noniterative filter bank approach to real-time rendering and discuss implementations on commodity graphics hardware.

ProteinShader: illustrative rendering of macromolecules.

BackgroundCartoon-style illustrative renderings of proteins can help clarify structural features that are obscured by space filling or balls and sticks style models, and recent advances in programmable graphics cards offer many new opportunities for improving illustrative renderings.ResultsThe ProteinShader program, a new tool for macromolecular visualization, uses information from Protein Data Bank files to produce illustrative renderings of proteins that approximate what an artist might create by hand using pen and ink. A combination of Hermite and spherical linear interpolation is used to draw smooth, gradually rotating three-dimensional tubes and ribbons with a repeating pattern of texture coordinates, which allows the application of texture mapping, real-time halftoning, and smooth edge lines. This free platform-independent open-source program is written primarily in Java, but also makes extensive use of the OpenGL Shading Language to modify the graphics pipeline.ConclusionBy programming to the graphics processor unit, ProteinShader is able to produce high quality images and illustrative rendering effects in real-time. The main feature that distinguishes ProteinShader from other free molecular visualization tools is its use of texture mapping techniques that allow two-dimensional images to be mapped onto the curved three-dimensional surfaces of ribbons and tubes with minimum distortion of the images.

Floating Textures

AbstractWe present a novel multi‐view, projective texture mapping technique. While previous multi‐view texturing approaches lead to blurring and ghosting artefacts if 3D geometry and/or camera calibration are imprecise, we propose a texturing algorithm that warps (“floats”) projected textures during run‐time to preserve crisp, detailed texture appearance. Our GPU implementation achieves interactive to real‐time frame rates. The method is very generally applicable and can be used in combination with many image‐based rendering methods or projective texturing applications. By using Floating Textures in conjunction with, e.g., visual hull rendering, light field rendering, or free‐viewpoint video, improved rendering results are obtained from fewer input images, less accurately calibrated cameras, and coarser 3D geometry proxies.

Bernoulli Embedding Model and Its Application in Texture Mapping

A novel texture mapping technique is proposed based on nonlinear dimension reduction, called Bernoulli logistic embedding (BLE). Our probabilistic embedding model builds texture mapping with minimal shearing effects. A log-likelihood function, related to the Bregman distance, is used to measure the similarity between two related matrices defined over the spaces before and after embedding. Low-dimensional embeddings can then be obtained through minimizing this function by a fast block relaxation algorithm. To achieve better quality of texture mapping, the embedded results are adopted as initial values for mapping enhancement by stretch-minimizing. Our method can be applied to both complex mesh surfaces and dense point clouds.

Polyphase FIR filters and Fant's re-sampling algorithm for securing information in critical information infrastructures: a new approach

Efficiently managed algorithms and functional models are built so that they can comply with large scale of hardware devices, which can bring new life and offer extended capabilities to present day and future information devices. In this study, a newly derived algorithm has been implemented. It supplies coefficients to be used in a structure similar to the one that the finite impulse response filters use. From the theory of texture mapping, it is well known that different scaling factors must be applied to each pixel from the picture to obtain the textured image. It is necessary to design different filters and compute new coefficients each and every time the scaling factor would change. Taking the satisfactory results of the Fant's re-sampling algorithm as a reference, a novel algorithm is introduced. This fits the specifications of the finite impulse response filter functionality. The present paper proposes a new method to compute the coefficients to be used later in a new algorithm that tries to reproduce the texture mapping technique by using a single filter for different scaling factors.

Geometric Texture Modeling

Texture mapping has become an essential tool in any synthetic rendering scheme that aims at photorealism. Texture mapping typically associates any point on the surface of the rendered object with a location in the texture space. The surface point is then assigned rendering attributes, such as color or translucency from the respective location found in the texture space. Texture mapping techniques have also been used in attempts to emulate highly detailed geometry on the surfaces of objects. The proposed surface detail synthesis approach closes the loop from modeling to rendering using computer graphics texture mapping techniques, bringing them back into the geometric modeling phase. This article focuses primarily on texturing techniques that relate to shape modeling and surface geometry alteration.

Model-Based Global and Local Motion Estimation for Videoconference Sequences

In this work, we present an algorithm for face 3-D motion estimation in videoconference sequences. The algorithm is able to estimate both the position of the face as an object in 3-D space (global motion) and the movements of portions of the face, like the mouth or the eyebrows ( local motion). The algorithm uses a modified version of the standard 3-D face model CANDIDE. We present various techniques to increase robustness of the global motion estimation which is based on feature tracking and an extended Kalman filter. Global motion estimation is used as a starting point for local motion detection in the mouth and eyebrow areas. To this purpose, synthetic images of these areas (templates) are generated with texture mapping techniques, and then compared to the corresponding regions in the current frame. A set of parameters, called action unit vectors (AUVs) influences the shape of the synthetic mouth and eyebrows. The optimal AUV values are determined via a gradient-based minimization procedure of the error energy between the templates and the actual face areas. The proposed scheme is robust and was tested with success on sequences of many hundreds of frames.

表面反射の異方性を考慮したテクスチャマッピング技法による織物質感表現

表面反射の異方性を考慮したテクスチャマッピング技法による織物質感表現

An image-based texture mapping technique for apparel products exhibition and interior design

In this paper, we propose an image-based texture mapping technique for textile products exhibition that does not require geometric representation of 3D models. Under this technique, a texture grid is built interactively for a target area in an original image. This grid acts as the intermediate space between planar space and texture space. The texture coordinate for each pixel in the target area can be calculated based on this grid, and the 3D effect can be successfully realized by further fine adjustment of the grid. This technique can be applied in apparel products exhibition and interior design.

Three Dimensional Reconstruction of Coronary Arteries by Using Registration and Texture-Mapping onto Epicardial Surface on Nuclear 3D Image

This paper deals with a new method of three dimensional reconstruction of coronary arteries, by using the texture-mapping technique on a myocardial nuclear image. The bi-plane CAG images are texture-mapped onto a LV surface model which is pre-determined on a nuclear 3D image. By maximizing a matching degree between two mapped CAG images, registration between CAG and nuclear image is performed automatically. By taking only true images from the mapped CAG images, we can obtain 3D reconstructed coronary image on the LV surface model. This method has the great advantage that it is not necessary to extract the feature points, nor is there a need to identify the correspondence. The obtained images give us a clear understanding of the relation between the coronary artery and the function of the myocardium.

Stylized highlights for cartoon rendering and animation

We propose a new highlight shader for the 3D objects used in cel animation. Without using a texture-mapping technique, our shader makes highlight shapes and animations in a cartoon style. Our shader makes an initial highlight shape using Blinn's (1977) traditional specular model. It then interactively modifies the initial shape through geometric, stylistic, and Boolean transformations for the highlight until we get our final desired shape. Moreover, once these operations specify highlight shapes for each keyframe, our shader automatically generates the highlight animation. In other words, our shader offers a new definition of highlighting 3D objects for cel animation.

Incremental update of computer-generated holograms

We describe the incremental computing method for making localized changes to a computer-generated hologram to rapidly modify the 3-D image it reconstructs. The method populates a scene with holo- graphic primitives, tracks scene-based changes, and updates the diffrac- tive contributions of only affected primitives. Changes are rapidly incor- porated into the hologram via simple arithmetic operations, and only affected regions of the hologram are updated at each simulation time step. The method can accommodate different holographic primitive rep- resentations, is designed to be suitable for hardware assistance, and is also compatible with computer-graphics-style techniques for smooth shading, texture mapping, and reflections. © 2003 Society of Photo-Optical In-

Multispectral three-dimensional digital infrared thermal imaging

A multispectral three-dimensional (3-D) digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) system is demonstrated for medical thermographic applications. In this system, temperature distribution and the three-dimensional geometrical surface profile are measured with different wavelengths and digitally stored in a computer separately. A texture-mapping technique is used for the accurate digital reconstruction of a 3-D temperature distribution of the human body. 3-D human body surface thermograms are obtained with this system.

表面反射特性と糸すじ模様を用いたテクスチャマッピング技法による織物質感表現

In the computer graphic technology for indication of three-dimensional image of fabric surface, there is no indication method to express precisely the fabric textures by the surface reflection characters of fabric and thread pattern. It becomes possible to express the textures of four kinds of fabric with different materials using three kinds of surface reflection characters such as the luminance of surface reflection, distribution of irregular luminance, and thread pattern. We studied the extraction method of three characters and the procedure of generating textures from three characters and we considered the method of expressing the realistic fabric surface by computer graphics. The detection and expression of each character was performed according to the following procedures. (1) Luminance of surface reflection and distribution of irregular intensity were detected from nine images of fabric surface with various incidence angle γ. (2) The numerical model for reflection luminance was indicated by the function formula. Using least-squares method, this formula was obtained from the relation between the average gray level of image and cos γ. (3) Distribution of irregular luminance was indicated by the function formula. Using least-squares method, this formula was obtained from relation between the standard deviation value “σ” of gray level histogram of image and cos γ. (4) Extraction of thread pattern was carried out by detecting line segments on a fabric surface image. (5) The thread pattern was generated from the routine of “MONDRIAN-ART”. This routine was improved to adapt it to the result of measurements. (6) Finally, we used texture mapping technique to compose three kinds of characteristics on image, and generated the image that expresses textures.By using our technique for fashion design system and apparel CAD system, the expressing of a high precise fabric texture becomes possible.

Real-time panospheric image dewarping and presentation for remote mobile robot control

The panospheric camera used by novice drivers in the United States to navigate the Nomad robot across a desert in Chile provides an omnidirectional, ground-to-sky view of the remote robot's environment. This paper describes the texture mapping techniques used to continuously dewarp and display the image for tele-explorers in Pittsburgh, PA and Mountain View, CA.