Variety Of Texts Research Articles

Maironio autoredagavimas: neapsisprendimo dėl pakeitimų pernaša

Dovilė Gervytė The Self - editing of Maironis’ Late Poetry: the Transport of Indecision Over Revisions S u m m a r y The 20th century Lithuanian writer Maironis is known for his collection of poems called The Voices of Spring. It was reprinted five times during the author’s lifetime and contains revisions made by the poet himself. Yet the strongest textual evidence of doubt, rejection, and pondering upon poetical decisions is to be found in the surviving manuscripts (drafts). The reconstructed dynamics of the textual variation within the fragments (a verse or a word phrase) or the segments (a stanza or the whole structure) of seven different poems within those drafts reveal intricate genetic interference between the units of the poems’ texts. The case of self-editing in Maironis manuscripts suggests that the concept of textual variation may be interpreted as the process of transferring the doubt – which concerns the decision whether the textual variant is to be accepted as suitable for the textual situation or to be rejected altogether – within the segments of a particular poem or between its versions, or even different poems (e.g., Vakarop Mintys and Dienų Sielvartai). Based on the macrogenetic analysis of Maironis’ drafts, the former trend of self-editing was called ‘the transport of indecision over revisions’. This concept was concluded by creating models and schemes of the micro- and macrogenetic changes reconstructed from the manuscripts. The interpretative manner of the research – the formation of the avant-texte alongside the application of the analogy of molecular transportation in biochemistry – also inspired the more general reflections. For example, the idea of indecision being transported over revisions helped to consider both the overall dynamics of genetic processes in Maironis’ manuscripts and the individuality of the particular acts of self-editing. As for the latter, the poet tended to edit his works so that the attributes assigned to a particular verse’s subject/object were altered most intensely, changing the semantics to achieve the most metonymical meaning of the verse. Revision of the more rigidly structured works – Maironis’ hymns – contained the indecision as to which of the two works would carry the actual hymn’s name and which would be called its ‘variant’ (as it is in the case of Šv. Aušros Vartų Marijai).

Well-Behaved Variants Seldom Make the Apparatus: Stemmata and Apparatus in Digital Research

This article describes computer-assisted methods for the analysis of textual variation within large textual traditions. It focuses on the conversion of the XML apparatus into NEXUS, a file type commonly used in bioinformatics. Phylogenetics methods are described with particular emphasis on maximum parsimony, the preferred approach for our research. The article provides details on the reasons for favouring maximum parsimony, as well as explaining our choice of settings for PAUP. It gives examples of how to use VBase, our variant database, to query the data and gain a better understanding of the phylogenetic trees. The relationship between the apparatus and the stemma explained. After demonstrating the vast number of decisions taken during the analysis, the article concludes that as much as computers facilitate our work and help us expand our understanding, the role of the editor continues to be fundamental in the making of editions.

The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea, Volume 1: Early Manuscript Books. Ed. Jennifer Keith, with Claudia Thomas Kairoff.

<i>The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea, Volume 1: Early Manuscript Books</i>. Ed. Jennifer Keith, with Claudia Thomas Kairoff.

Matthew C. Augustine. Aesthetics of Contingency: Writing, Politics, and Culture in England, 1639–89.

Matthew C. Augustine. <i>Aesthetics of Contingency: Writing, Politics, and Culture in England, 1639–89</i>.

Laura Miller. Reading Popular Newtonianism: Print, the Principia, and the Dissemination of Newtonian Science.

Laura Miller. <i>Reading Popular Newtonianism: Print, the Principia, and the Dissemination of Newtonian Science</i>.

Crítica textual e hermenêutica latino-americana

This article takes as its starting point the assumption that many consciouschanges in the transcription of a text have a hermeneutical function: for them, thescribes recorded how a particular verse should or could be read and applied inthe practical life of their community. In other words, such voluntary changes areadaptations to theological, pastoral and ecclesial needs. This article is more a provocationthan a systematization of an approach already widely held. Through theanalysis of some examples, we want to demonstrate that the study of textual criticismoffers a fruitful field of possibilities that Latin American hermeneutics canexplore. The discussion of each text taken as an example will always follow thefollowing steps: transcription of the critical apparatus, the option of the editorialcommittee (that is, classic textual criticism), discussion by some commentators andproposals on how textual variants could be used in Latin American reading.

Letture e lezioni frontoniane nell’epistolario di Simmaco

Abstract This study aims to define the ways in which the work of Fronto circulated and was used in the intellectual circles of the fourth century A.D. through the testimony offered by the letters of Symmachus. In addressing illustrious members of the senatorial aristocracy of his time, Symmachus echoes Fronto’s work several times. The examination of Symm. Ep. 3.11 to Naucellius, with special reference to the expression spectator tibi veteris monetae solus supersum in Symm. Ep. 3.11.2, allows us to evaluate how Symmachus approaches the work of Fronto. The ways in which the short treatise ad M. Aurelium de orationibus is reprised lead us, further, to conclude that the lexical choices of the fourth-century letter-writer were determined by a textual variant in the text of Fronto available to him.

Whence Come Qurʾān Manuscripts? Determining the Regional Provenance of Early Qurʾānic Codices

Abstract In studies of early Qurʾānic manuscripts, determining the provenance of these manuscripts is a thorny issue because in most cases they lack endowment notes or colophons. The reports in early Islamic sources regarding textual variants of regional codices (maṣāḥif al-amṣār) may contribute to find a solution to this problem. A list of regional variants, mostly based on al-Dānī’s al-Muqniʿ, can be found in Nöldeke et al.’s The History of the Quran. However, as the authors have stated, a comparison of some of the early Qurʾānic manuscripts in the Topkapı Sarayı Museum with this table of maṣāḥif al-amṣār variants indicates that the traditional reports are unreliable for identifying the provenance of Qurʾānic manuscripts because none of these codices can be attributed to any particular region. The present article is an attempt to demonstrate that this problem results from relying solely on the data provided by al-Dānī and ignoring earlier and more significant sources, such as al-Sijistānī’s Kitāb al-Maṣāḥif. It attempts to provide a new and more precise classification of regional variants by reading afresh the reports on the features of maṣāḥif al-amṣār, taking into account the sources which were not used by Nöldeke et al., especially al-Sijistānī’s Kitāb al-Maṣāḥif, thus making the list of maṣāḥif al-amṣār variants more accurate, thereby the variants of each of these early Qurʾānic Codices tally more with the reports preserved for the characteristics of one of the maṣāḥif al-amṣār in literary sources. As the texts of the surviving manuscripts are not of a diverse nature we are able, with some certainty, to draw conclusions that substantiate the reports as to the peculiarities of the muṣḥafs of different cities.

To Whom Are You Writing? Examining Audience in L2 Textbook Writing Activities

A sense of audience is important in the development of student writing (Many &amp;amp; Henderson, 2005). Research shows students need to consider an audience&amp;rsquo;s attitudes, beliefs, and expectations to be effective writers (Midgette, Haria, &amp;amp; MacArthur, 2007). Therefore, students need learning opportunities in L2 classrooms to develop this ability. Yet, the incorporation of audience in L2 textbook writing activities has not been sufficiently addressed. This study examined textbook activities to whom students write based on parameters of audience influence proposed by Grabe and Kaplan (1996, 2014). Writing prompts from six high school textbooks in Saudi Arabia were analyzed. The results indicate prompts instruct students to write to a single reader, known/unknown readers, as well as write about general topics. However, prompts do not provide information for students about three parameters (age, gender, and social status) which are necessary ingredients in developing a writer&amp;rsquo;s sense of audience and play a significant role on textual variations. This study also modified a model of audience that can be used for textbook evaluation. The findings benefit textbook developers and teachers by motivating them to consider parameters of audience influence when they design lessons and materials for L2 writing classrooms.

Whose tragedy is this? Translating Arden of Faversham

This article considers the translation process of Arden of Faversham and the method that I have employed to translate collaborative plays, which is based on Matthew Reynolds's concept of prismatic translation, followed by examples of relevant textual variations found in the three earlier editions of Arden of Faversham as well as in the modern editions. I argue that by preserving textual differences based on different resources, the translation highlights the history of the text. It opens up possibilities accorded by the play's material existence, considering different textual elements, such as the words of the title, playtext, characters, and authorship.

Enhancement of Text Analysis Using Context-Aware Normalization of Social Media Informal Text

We proposed an application and data variations-independent, generic social media Textual Variations Handler (TVH) to deal with a wide range of noise in textual data generated in various social media (SM) applications for enhanced text analysis. The aim is to build an effective hybrid normalization technique that ensures the use of useful information of the noisy text in its intended form instead of filtering them out to analyze SM text better. The proposed TVH performs context-aware text normalization based on intended meaning to avoid the wrong word substitution. We integrate the TVH with state-of-the-art (SOTA) deep-learning-based text analysis methods to enhance their performance for noisy SM text data. The proposed scheme shows promising improvement in the text analysis of informal SM text in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, and F1-score in simulation.

The Geological Unconscious: German Literature and the Mineral Imaginary

The Geological Unconscious: German Literature and the Mineral Imaginary

A Note on Elizabeth Isabella Spence and her Sketches of the Present Manners, Customs, and Scenery of Scotland (1811)

This article discusses several engagements with Burns and Robert Fergusson by Elizabeth Isbaella Spence in the early nineteenth century, as well the textual variance found in several nineteenth-century versions of Burns's ‘Epistle to Robt Graham, Esq: of Fintry on the Election for the Dumfries string of Boroughs, Anno 1790’ (1790). Spence is involved in the contemporary Romantic conceptualisation of Scotland, and she visited Burns's widow Jean Armour in Dumfries as part of a tour of the country providing an account of her encounter. This note examines a particular textual variant which appears in Spence's publication of Burns's ‘Epistle to Graham of Fintray’, tracing this variant throughout several key early-to-mid nineteenth-century versions.

Differences that Make No Difference and Ambiguities that Do

Differences that Make No Difference and Ambiguities that Do

Manas Anlatılarının Bilgisayar Destekli Analizi: Gösteriler ve Yol Tarifleri

This paper shows how computer-assisted text analysis can greatly aid the field of Manas Studies. Though general patterns can be noted through traditional means of analysis, quantifying textual variants sidesteps the use of vague general impressions by providing statistical data that can permit more specific and nuanced insights. In addition to illuminating individual performances and performers via comparison, this method can further research into the topic including attribution, and measuring the impact of variables. The paper then proposes possible research into specific elements to deal with an ever-growing corpus, and stresses the potential findings and fresh perspectives from using large-scale computer-assisted corpus analysis.

Compilation and Dissemination of Lithuanian Paremias: Contemporary Resources

The Collection of Lithuanian Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases built by the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore in Vilnius presents a thorough view of the corpus of traditional paremias. A larger part of the Collection consists of archival data, another one – of paremias collected from written sources.Archival data – that is paremias mostly from the Lithuanian Folklore Archive (LTR), Lithuanian Scientific Society’s Archive (LMD). These texts are mainly samples of the spoken language and dialects. The oldest archive collections are from the 19th century. Another large part of Lithuanian paremias compilation consists of texts collected from written sources. It is worth to mention, that we have around 1500 proverbs from the period of the 16th to the 18th centuries.The collection is accessible through three resources: they are the Card Index, the publication “Lithuanian Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases” (LPP), and The Electronic Compilation of Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases (eLPP).The Card Index was the first organized and systematized resource of Lithuanian paremias and served as the base for LPP and eLPP. The Card Index was created in 1970–1990 following the initiative of professor Kazys Grigas, who was also the author of the system of it. There are around 50 000 proverb types and more than 200 000 variant texts in the Card Index.At the end of the 20th century, LPP was started to be compiled. There have been three volumes published until now (Vol. 1 – 2000, Vol. 2 – 2008, Vol. 3 – 2019). LPP presents carefully sorted data without duplicates, copies, and fakes, and it has some additional data: Lithuanian paremias equivalents (in Latvian, Polish, German, English, Latin, and Russian) and type titles’ translations into English, German, and Russian.In 1998, eLPP was started and in 2018, after receiving funding from the Lithuanian Research Council (LMTLT), the database was updated. Now, the database also has an English version. eLPP includes the Card Index’ data and LPP data as well, with an exception of paremias variants. Due to the recently observed rising need to find an explanation of a saying, the category “Interpretation” has been introduced. The newly programmed search engine now contains functions of a simple search, advanced search, and selection lists. The database address is http://archyvas.llti.lt/elpp/lt, an email for comments and questions is patarles@llti.lt.

Elimelech or Abimelech? A Study on the Textual Variant of the Name of Noemin’s Husband in LXX-Ruth

Abstract This paper analyses the textual variant of the name of Noemin’s husband in the book of Ruth: Elimelech according to the Masoretic Text and Abimelech according to the Septuagint. It investigates if this textual variant is linked to a different Hebrew Vorlage, whether it is carried out during the process of translation of the text in its Greek form, or whether it is due to its transmission in its Greek form. Finally, this study analyses the literary criticism of this variant by showing how a coherent character is created by name and through actions and how, in this way, God’s presence is accentuated in the narrative.

On the Threshold of Editorship. Or From Collection to Oeuvre

The sole collection of verses by Jonas Mačiulis (1862–1932, pen name Maironis), the father of modern Lithuanian poetry, went through five editions in the author’s lifetime. The poet continued to improve the works of his youth until his advanced age, producing hundreds of textual variants. The first published versions of some verses, which are ranked as national classics today, cannot be considered finely crafted works by a long shot. From a retrospective point of view, one is surprised that such lengthy and tedious corrections could have yielded such nice final results, while a prospective approach might incite amazement at how the crude, primary rock of first versions could have concealed the possibility of such poetic gems. Taking a grandmotherly attitude towards his works, the author did not only polish their versification, but also applied different strategies throughout his rewriting process to use new editions to consolidate his own social and cultural position with the changeable standards of bibliographic codes over time. The problem editors of the Maironis’ posthumous editions face is that the authorial editions of his works differ in title, textual variants, and arrangement. As this article argues, both Maironis’ high standing in the Lithuanian cultural landscape and the elusive expectation of stability and comprehensiveness have discouraged editors to plunge into the dynamic nature of Maironis’ authorial manipulations up until today.

The Manuscript Remains of the Abbess-Saints of Barking Abbey

In the late eleventh century, the itinerant Flemish Benedictine monk, Goscelin of Saint-Bertin, assembled a dossier of Latin saints’ Lives, liturgical texts, and chronicled events for the community of Benedictine nuns at Barking Abbey in Essex, England, at the behest of the reigning abbess, Ælfgifu. This dossier is the most significant and extensive collection of original texts written for a community of religious women in England during the Middle Ages. It definitely included a Life of Æthelburh, Barking’s late seventh-century founder and first abbess; a set of Matins Lessons for her successor, Hildelith; a Life of Wulfhild, the late tenth-century abbess; a set of Matins Lessons and a longer account of Ælfgifu’s first Translation of the three saints’ relics; and a report of a vision that Ælfgifu received seven years after the first Translation, authorizing a second Translation of the saints’ relics into the new abbey church. Only three manuscripts-Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS 176 (E.5.28); Cardiff, Public Library, MS 1.381; and Gotha, Forschungs- und Landesbibliothek, MS Memb. I.81-still preserve Goscelin’s dossier of texts for Barking. Through paleographical, codicological, and textual analysis of these manuscripts, this article addresses questions concerning the (re)productions and uses of Goscelin’s dossier, giving special consideration to the following features: the four concluding chapters of the Life of St. Æthelburh missing from all three manuscripts, the identification of the scribal hands in TCD 176 and Cardiff 1.381, the booklet structure of these two manuscripts, and their textual variants. Studying these features of the manuscripts in detail has significant implications for tracing the provenances of TCD 176 and Cardiff 1.381 back to Barking, establishing their textual relationship, recovering their communal and liturgical uses in and outside of the abbey, and possibly even identifying Goscelin’s own scribal hand at work in TCD 176.

El Lucero de Castilla y Luna de Aragón

El Lucero de Castilla y Luna de Aragón