Texas Christian University Research Articles

Third International Biannual Evolution and Cancer Conference (Evolutionary Trade‐offs and Clinical Consequences) Meeting report. San Francisco, CA, USA. 10–13 December 2015

Despite recent notable progress in medical sciences, cancer remains a leading cause of human death worldwide, accounting for about one-quarter of human deaths in wealthy countries and about one-eighth worldwide (Ferlay et al. 2010). In fact, the progress in cancer research has been slower compared with that achieved related to other pathologies, such as cardiovascular disorders. This is mainly because of the enormous complexity of this disease, which exhibits sophisticated cellular mechanisms that are the targets of evolutionary processes driven by random genetic and epigenetic mutations.

Population Health: Assessing Gains and Addressing Challenges Ahead

In 2015 we published the volume Disaster Response: Medical and Health Policies, a compilation of articles from World Medical & Health Policy offering research and insights from medical professionals and policy scholars to help improve interventions and reduce suffering when disasters occur, whether they result from natural or human-made threats (Nicogossian & Stabile, 2015). In this first issue of 2016 we continue that initiative, begun in collaboration with our colleague Dr. David McCann, to whose memory Disaster Response is dedicated, by adding several articles to the existing body of literature. Drs. Lisa Moreno-Walton and Kristi Koenig apply their expertise in emergency medicine to a consideration of the question of how gender impacts disaster resilience and survival within diverse populations through a review of the relevant literature in their article “Disaster Resilience: Addressing Gender Disparities.” They identify five categories of gender-related disparities: biology, responsibility for dependents, development of skills, clothing, and vulnerability to assault and trafficking. Identification of gender disparities is a first step in improving policy to enhance survival across a wide range of disaster scenarios when future events occur. A consideration of the effectiveness of integrated care teams, one approach humanitarian organizations may use to support community resilience following mass fatality disasters, is offered by Professor Lavonne M. Adams of the Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences at Texas Christian University in “Promoting Disaster Resilience through Use of Interdisciplinary Teams: A Program Evaluation of the Integrated Care Team Approach.” And in “State Mandate Influences on FEMA-Approved Hazard Mitigation Plans Under the Disaster Management Act of 2000” Professor Oluponmile Olonilua of Texas Southern University addresses the question of whether or not such mandates materially impact policy outcomes of interest. Emergency departments are a critical component of the health-care infrastructure, so understanding influences on their capacity could help in crafting policy to enhance preparedness for both disaster scenarios and more routine crises. In the United States, emergency department utilization has increased nationally, leading to overcrowding, which in turn increases wait times, adverse clinical outcomes, and costs. Niyousha Hosseinichimeh, Erika G. Martin, and Stephen Weinberg investigate one potential factor in their article, “Do Changes in Health Insurance Coverage Explain Interstate Variation in Emergency Department Utilization?” More slow moving, but no less impactful crises loom on the public-health horizon in the form of widespread obesity and antibiotic resistance. The policy implications of therapies designed to mitigate or work around the negative impacts of these are considered in articles on bariatric surgery and fecal microbiota therapy, a non-antibiotic treatment alternative for Clostridium (C.) difficile infection (CDI). David B. Muhlestein, Thomas Wickizer, and Abigail Shoben examine effects of regulations regarding bariatric surgery procedures in the United States in “The Spillover Effect of a Change in Medicare Reimbursements on Provider Behavior in the Non-Medicare Population for Bariatric Surgery.” Shahad Salman, George Vardatsikos, Denise Avard, Nicole Palmour, Ken Dewar, and Ma'n H. Zawati examine implications of emerging Canadian policy in “FMT Happens: Regulating Fecal Microbiota Therapy in Canada; What You Need to Know.” All adverse health outcomes represent potential disasters to those who suffer them. This point is raised in Kristi Heather Kenyon's review of The AIDS Generation: Stories of Survival and Resilience, in which the book's author Perry N. Halkitis refers to the AIDS pandemic as “our natural disaster.” Health-care providers and policymakers must continuously confer and collaborate to devise health-improving and life-saving solutions. Health Behavior Change in Populations, a textbook edited by Scott Kahan, Andrea C. Gielen, Peter J. Fagan, and Lawrence W. Green, and reviewed in this issue by Michael Plouffe and Liang-Kim Ong of University College, London, offers some tools for improving population health outcomes. Our journal remains dedicated to this ongoing pursuit. We encourage physicians and all health-care professionals to actively engage in all aspects of policy formulation to ensure that community health and rights are protected and included in the debates leading to responsible and effective legislation.

Yueh-Gin Gung and Dr. Charles Y. Hu Award for 2016 to George Berzsenyi for Distinguished Service to Mathematics

The Mathematical Association of America presented the 2016 Gung and Hu Award for Distinguished Service to Mathematics to Dr. George Berzsenyi for his remarkable career promoting the art of problem solving, creating national and international mathematical talent searches, supporting mathematical competitions, and empowering generations of high school students to pursue their mathematical and scientific passions. George is a native of Hungary and came to the United States as a high school student in 1957 following the end of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He completed his education in Texas, including a Ph.D. in mathematics at Texas Christian University. He taught at universities in Texas and Louisiana prior to moving to Indiana to chair the Department of Mathematics at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (RHIT), where he is now Professor Emeritus.

Substance Abuse Related Predictors in Soldiers’ Suicidal Attempt

Background: Military populations are at high risk for suicidal behavior. There are several well-known predictors for suicide and a few studies have evaluated the effect of substance abuse patterns on suicide in military environments. Objectives: This study was designed to determine substance abuse related factors that predict suicidal attempts in soldiers by concerning confounding factors. The importance of determining these risk factors is that they allow us to identify high-risk people, who should receive intensive monitoring and attempts should be made to reduce modifiable predictors. Patients and Methods: Through a cross sectional research, 3960 soldiers were selected by cluster sampling from army service garrisons in 12 regions of Iran during 2010. Data were gathered by demographic and military environment information, Texas Christian University (TCU) drug screen II and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). The dependent variable was suicidal attempt during the military service course and the independent variables were demographic (age, education, job prior to service course and life situation), substance abuse related (the age at first substance abuse experience, alcohol abuse, tobacco abuse, ecstasy abuse, analgesics abuse, opium abuse, marijuana abuse, multi drug abuse and history of drug intoxication (subgroup analysis)), psychosocial (history of anxiety disorder, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, personality disorder, child abuse, HIV risk behavior, physical fight) and military service-related factors (service place satisfaction, bad relationship with commanders, always having feelings of loneliness, combat situation, distance from home). Information was decoded in the SPSS 21 software and a backward logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: The majority of soldiers with mean age of 21.8 (SD = 2.4) years were single (82.1%), employed (54.5%) and had a low level of education or were illiterate (71.1%). In total, 296 (7.5%) soldiers had suicidal attempts in their military service course. Predictors of suicidal attempt were education level of under diploma, age of under 18, being abused during childhood, having a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) high risk behavior, anxiety disorder, depression disorder and service place dissatisfaction. By controlling known confounders, substance abuse-related predictors of suicidal attempt were first experience of substance abuse before the age of 15 (OR = 1.48, P = 0.023), abusing opium (OR = 3.92, P = 0.000), alcohol (OR = 1.39, P = 0.023) and multi substance abuse (OR = 1.37, P = 0.029). Conclusions: By intensive monitoring of the situation of substance abuse among soldiers, commanders can reduce modifiable predictors of suicidal attempt.

Prevention of Worsening of Drug Abuse in Soldiers

Background: Military service is one of the stressful life periods for young men in Iran, and because of these multiple stressors, soldiers’ drug abuse status can be exacerbated during this period. Identifying the predictors of worsening drug abuse can help us to control addiction in young soldiers. Objectives: To examine the military service predictors resulting in worsening drug abuse status. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 3140 young soldiers was conducted in summer and autumn of 2010 and; the participants completed three questionnaires, namely the Texas Christian University Drug Screen (TCUDS) II, The Addiction Severity Index and a questionnaire designed by the researchers. We analyzed the data using ordinal logistic regression. The dependent variable was changing the drug abuse status, scored from 1 to 4 according to the state of deterioration of soldiers’ drug abuse. Results: The study included 3,140 soldiers with a mean age of 22.1 year. The predominant level of education among the soldiers was a diploma (72.6%), and 87.7% of the soldiers were single. In the model, the four predictors that affected drug abuse status deterioration were as follows: level of satisfaction with service location (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, P = 0.040), relationship with commander (OR = 0.79, P = 0.001), relationships with other soldiers (OR = 0.71, P = 0.031), and the time of additional service (OR = 1.15, P = 0.002). Conclusions: To prevent worsening drug abuse status among soldiers, it is necessary to decrease the time of additional service, increase the quality of the commander’s relationship with soldiers, and elicit soldiers’ help to assist decision makers in controlling the deterioration of soldiers’ drug abuse during military service.

Differences in Perceptions of Supervisee Contribution: Supervisors’ vs. Supervisees’ Evaluations

Supervisees’ behaviors contribute to or detract from effective supervision. The purpose of this study was to compare supervisors’ evaluations of supervisee contribution behaviors with that of supervisees’ selfassessments using the Adapted Supervisee Utilization Rating Form (SURF). Statistically significant differences in the ratings indicate that supervisors perceive their supervisees as more proactive and open than supervisees perceive themselves. To create a milieu in which supervisees feel safe enough to share their work with supervisors and encourage supervisees to take initiative in their own learning, the researchers make the following recommendations: (1) following ACES best practices for monitoring and assessing supervisees, (2) using appropriate supervisor self-disclosure, and (3) adopting a solution-focused approach to supervision. Author's Notes This work was supported by a grant from the Texas Christian University Research and Creative Activities Fund. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Marcella Stark, Texas Christian University, College of Education, P.O. Box 297900, Fort Worth, Texas 76129. Email: m.stark@tcu.edu

The Garden of Eden: The Story of a Freedman’s Community in Texas by Drew Sanders

Reviewed by: The Garden of Eden: The Story of a Freedman’s Community in Texas by Drew Sanders George H. Junne Jr. The Garden of Eden: The Story of a Freedman’s Community in Texas. By Drew Sanders. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 2015. ix + 194 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $24.95 paper. In his book The Garden of Eden: The Story of a Freedmen’s Community in Texas, Drew Sanders provides readers with the history and culture of a black community through memory, recipes, genealogy, and other available resources. Located in Tarrant County along the Trinity River, this historically black neighborhood, situated near downtown Fort Worth and Haltom City, is indicative of other similar black settlements in the West that have been enveloped or absorbed by surrounding communities. Today one might find limited information on websites such as “Vanished Towns and Communities of Tarrant County, Texas.” The Garden of Eden was also closely associated with the town of Birdville, the early seat of Tarrant County. Today, the Garden of Eden Neighborhood Association and the Birdville Historical Society have been working to ensure that the Garden of Eden will be preserved and remembered. Like many black communities around the country, areas like the Garden of Eden were places that black people lived and were not platted. There were four other such communities in the area. In some cases, African Americans moved, were run out of their communities, had their land bought or stolen from them, or in some cases, the larger white communities surrounded them and their histories were lost. Listening to and recording stories passed down in his family and conducting other research, Sanders’s book is recovering a history with which many are not familiar. Sanders is able to trace his family previous to the Civil War, when black and white Cheney families, slaves and slave owners, moved to Texas in 1830 to seek land for ranching and farming. At that time, the land where they settled was a part of Mexico. Other family names added to this genealogy include the white and black Boaz families and the white Lloyd family. Sanders is able to trace his lineage back to the white John Cheney (b. 1796) and an unidentified slave woman, further illuminating the topic of interracial relationships of the time. Major Cheney (b. 1856) was the product of that relationship. Major later worked for his white half-brother, John C. Cheney, indicating that the black and white Cheneys were cordial toward each other. Following the Civil War, Major Cheney was able to purchase land that became part of the Garden of Eden in 1879. The land was fertile and eight generations grew up in the area. Cheney was illiterate but wanted his children to receive an education. Children attended all-black schools in the area until the Haltom City schools became integrated in 1965 and the Fort Worth schools in 1971. Major and his wife, Malinda, had seven children that they raised on two hundred acres of land. To demonstrate the family’s success, they built a house with a T-shaped layout, had an icebox [End Page 336] that held a one-hundred-pound block of ice, and had a two-seater outhouse. Further, the family was politically and socially active. Like most families, the Cheneys also faced problems such as run-ins with the law on occasion. There were attempts by a company to take some of the land, assisted by the county through placing a dump near the farm. They still farmed by horses, plows, and mules into the 1940s. Although residence in the community was dwindling, they still built a brick church. In 1948 there was another attempt to get land from the Garden of Eden through building the Joe Lewis Addition, which was to erect two hundred homes for blacks who needed housing. Unfortunately, families who signed documents agreeing to the project were evicted over a clause they did not understand. Fort Worth annexed the Garden of Eden in 1969, and by the 1980s, the substandard housing project was razed to build an auto-wrecking yard. While much of the original site is now gone, the core remains in...

La septième fonction du langage par Laurent Binet

Reviews 229 regarding the sale of real property took place. Some of the more interesting chapters of the book discuss the creation of new ways of marketing, which made it easier for clients to identify and visualize apartments available for rent. Real estate listings began to appear in newspapers, directories, and gazettes. Rental advertisements introduced graphic elements such as interior floor plans and eye-catching posters. Supplementing the discussion of the practices of large lending institutions such as the Compagnie Foncière de France,Yates provides an inventory of the apartment buildings owned by the company in an appendix. The depth and breadth of the research behind this work is evident in the 71-page section of endnotes. In addition, rare black-and-white plates of maps, advertising posters, layouts of apartment buildings and streets and even hand-drawn survey sketches nicely complement the book’s content. Texas Christian University Sharon L. Fairchild Creative Works edited by Jean-François Duclos Binet, Laurent. La septième fonction du langage. Paris: Grasset, 2015. ISBN 978-224677601 -7. Pp. 495. 22 a. This is The Da Vinci Code written by a Gallic intellectual. Roland Barthes was not an accident victim; he was murdered by persons unknown in order to steal the one copy of La septième fonction. Apparently Roman Jakobson, after establishing six functions of language, had theorized a seventh, one which would permit those who understood how it worked to convince anyone of anything, and thereby rule the world. Unbeknownst to most, Jakobson had actually determined the nature of the seventh function. He gave his single copy of the manuscript to Barthes who paid a terrible price for his possession. His death is investigated by a perplexed policeman—“il sent qu’il va falloir écouter un tas de conneries”(80)—assisted by a young linguistic scholar enlisted to decode the utterances of the deceased’s colleagues, Paris’s intellectual flora and fauna. Binet provides a series of irreverent portraits of these Left Bank glitterati. Foucault’s language is pontifical, Lacan’s Delphic:“C’est curieux comment une femme, quand elle cesse d’être une femme, peut écrabouiller l’homme qu’elle a sous la main” (173). Deleuze lapses into clarity only when discussing tennis, and Sollers makes enigma an art form: “Le roi est celui qui porte sur lui l’expérience de la castration la plus vive” (173). Bernard Henri-Lévy is just content to be at the center of the action. Later, when the investigation moves to a linguistic colloquium at Cornell, American intellectual luminaries such as Camille Paglia, dubbed “Cruella Redgrave” (324) and John Searle get a similar treatment; David Lodge’s infamously trendy academic, Morris Zapp (Small Word, 1984), shows up at this conference. Because of the struggle for the stolen manuscript,Derrida is murdered on the Cornell campus and Searle subsequently commits suicide. As the investigation broadens, a mysterious Logos Club becomes increasingly important. This is a debating society of sorts, whose Grand Master is Umberto Eco who, due to his own rhetorical effusions, once had an opponent urinate on his leg. The Logos Club is a place where verbal dexterity occasionally triumphs over content—Socrate“est un peu le Elvis de la rhétorique”(198)—yet the jousting is not really friendly. A loser risks having a finger chopped off, or, if the stakes are high enough, a more significant part of the anatomy. As the police enquiry lurches toward its conclusion, it becomes increasingly apparent that the culprits are among Barthes’s friends, and while nobody is arrested, a rough type of justice is done.Although the fate of the purloined manuscript remains unclear, it seems to have figured in Mitterrand’s surprise victory over Giscard in 1981, and in the blossoming American academic career of a former male prostitute. Binet’s novel also explores the blurred line between fiction and reality—“I think I’m trapped in a novel” (348)—but the initial reading is simply a prolonged experience of wicked delight. Florida State University, emeritus William Cloonan Castillon,Claire. Les pêchers.Paris: L’Olivier,2015.ISBN 978-2-82-360790-1.Pp.203. 17,50 a. This novel explores...

Submission Guidelines

Book Reviews 143 dividends in providing content for a turbulent era. Ultimately, the judge in the Banks-Means trial dismissed the charges, but the time, effort, and money channelled into the defence effort exhausted AIM's vitality as a social movement . Having escaped the Wounded Knee charges, however, Banks and Means each faced other criminal charges for their parts in events not directly related to Wounded Knee. Meanwhile, AIM suffered from having its leaders and resources diverted to the trials. Although Sayer lacks a smoking gun to show the government intended to thus destroy AIM, he builds an impressive case that will convince many. Sayer succeeds remarkably in this well-written, thoroughly researched first book-length study of the Wounded Knee trials. Not only does he report and analyse the trials admirably, he also provides a coherent and valuable discussion of AIM and the United States' legal and social reactions to it. Furthermore, Sayer's analysis of the Wounded Knee trials exposes how the media's definition of news can lead it to miss or misrepresent important stories and why consumers of print and broadcast journalism should critically examine what they absorb. Sayer could have strengthened his analysis by comparing the Wounded Knee trials to other instances where the legal system railroaded members of groups or movements deemed dangerous. The cases of anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Communists Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, for instance, may have provided excellent foils for Sayer's thesis. Students of U.S. legal and Native-American history must read this book; students of social movements, the 1970s, and the media should read it. Todd M. Kerstetter Texas Christian University Jon Gjerde. The Minds of the West: Ethnocultural Revolution in the Rural Middle West, 1830-1917. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997. Pp. xiii +426, tables, figures, notes, and index. In The Minds of the West, Jon Gjerde focusses primarily on three ethnic strains: Germans, both Catholic and Lutheran; Norwegians and to some extent other Scandinavians; and ''Yankees" or "Americans." Catholic Irish 144 Canadian Review of American Studies Revue canadienne cf etudes arnericaines and eastern Europeans receive somewhat less attention. Gjerde confines his analysis to "whites" for, as he points out in a footnote, "the overwhelming majority of immigrants to the West ... were of European background" (240, n. 14). He also assumes that native Americans had been expelled from the upper Midwest during the period he is describing, which is not the case. Gjerde is working, however, in the tradition of scholars like Kathleen Conzen, Frederick Luebke, and others who have studied immigration and ethnicity. As one might expect from Gjerde's earlier work, such as From Peasants to Farmers: The Migration from Balestrand, Non.vay, to the Upper Middle West (1985), the strength of this volume lies in his close demographic analysis of the ways in which family, religious beliefs, and voting behaviours are all structured by varying concepts of the relationships between god, man (specifically, not generically), and state. Gjerde's title, The Minds of the West, puts one in mind of W.J.Cashe's classic The Mind of the South (1941), and the book begins slowly, with references to Crevecoeur and Turner and the Significance of the Frontier. Is the frontier truly the most American of regions or is it, as Cooper and the colonial elites and even Crevecoeur himself feared, the home of dangerous border riffraff who threaten law and order? Will it Americanize the immigrants or allow them to form ethnic enclaves that will nurture only what later was called so memorably "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion"? The book picks up steam when Gjerde moves on to look at the communities . He shows the considerable variation in patterns of age at and likelihood of marriage among siblings in immigrant and "American" families and relates them to the difference between the "American" idea of family as a group of individuals in which children are urged to leave home and become upwardly mobile and the immigrant idea of family as a community in which children owe a duty to their parents that determines whether and when they will move out or stay at home. Gjerde also considers the role...

Predictors of Change in Substance Abuse Status in Soldiers.

Background:Military service is a stressful task that influences the life style of army personnel. Several factors can make soldiers less capable of coping with stressful events; so they may try to start drug abuse or increase in the amount or diversity of substance abuse. Understanding factors responsible for this misbehavior among soldiers is crucial for their commanders to modify these factors.Objectives:This study aimed to determine the predictors of change in substance abuse status in soldiers.Patients and Methods:This cross-sectional research was conducted to evaluate the substance abuse status among Iranian soldiers in 2010. The target population was the soldiers who had spent at least 3 months of their military service. Cluster sampling was done from army service garrisons in 12 provinces in Iran. A total of 3960 soldiers were selected with different levels of education and age. Data gathering was done with demographic questionnaires, Texas Christian university (TCU) drug screen II and ASI questionnaire (fifth edition). Four types of dependent variables were defined: “improvement”, “without change”, “deterioration”, and “severe deterioration”. Backward ordinal regression analysis was done and P values, OR, and SE were calculated by SPSS19 software.Results:Totally, 6.7% of soldiers improved, 82% remained without change, 6.1% deteriorated, and 5.2% severely deteriorated with regard to their substance abuse. Modifiable predictors were distance from home lower than 200 km (OR =1.54), bad relationship with commanders (OR = 1.88), service place dissatisfaction (OR = 1.39), and always feeling lonely (OR = 1.83). Non-modifiable factors were alcohol use within family and friends (P = 0.000); psychiatric drug use history (OR = 1.72); suicidal attempt history (OR = 1.31); divorce, separation, and extramarital contact (P = 0.001); unemployment (P = 0.019); leisure time dissatisfaction (P = 0.004); living alone (OR = 2.43); and substance abuse onset before age 15 (OR = 1.71).Conclusions:Considering non-modifiable risk factors, leaders and commanders may recognize more vulnerable soldiers and try to resolve modifiable factors and decrease the risk of getting worse (with respect to substance abuse) about 7.3 times.

Juvenile Justice-Translating Research Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ-TRIALS): a multi-site, cooperative implementation science cooperative

Juvenile Justice-Translating Research Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ-TRIALS): a multi-site, cooperative implementation science cooperative

Physics is a casualty of Ukrainian turmoil

Help is needed for physicists and students who were uprooted from rebel-controlled eastern Ukraine. But the particulars are just being fleshed out.

Influences on My Early Academic Career.

Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir (Fig. ​(Fig.1)1) received her Ph.D. in psychology from Western Michigan University and is currently an associate professor of psychology at Texas Christian University. Her primary area of research is verbal behavior and its acquisition. Her applied research interests include strategies for enhancing verbal behavior acquisition of children diagnosed with autism, whereas more basic research interests include typically developing children’s language acquisition and how research and theory in this area may translate into effective language interventions. Dr. Petursdottir’s research has been published in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB), and The Analysis of Verbal Behavior (TAVB), among other journals. She is past editor of TAVB and the current Publication Board Coordinator of the Association for Behavior Analysis International (ABAI). She also currently serves as the associate editor of JABA and an editorial board member of JEAB and the European Journal of Behavior Analysis, in addition to having served on the editorial boards of various other journals. Dr. Petursdottir is a past president of the Texas Association for Behavior Analysis.

The effectiveness of intravaginal vitamin C versus placebo for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of intravaginal vitamin C versus placebo for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of tranexamic acid at reducing postoperative blood loss following cesarean section: a systematic review of quantitative evidence protocol

The effectiveness of tranexamic acid at reducing postoperative blood loss following cesarean section: a systematic review of quantitative evidence protocol

Book Reviews

John Harvey of Texas Christian University reviews “Distribution and Growth after Keynes: A Post-Keynesian Guide”, by Eckhard Hein. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Focuses on the link between “functional income distribution” and growth or economic development in theories of distribution and growth after John Maynard Keynes. Discusses from Keynes to Evsey David Domar and Roy Forbes Harrod─considering the capacity effect of investment and an attempt at dynamic theory; Neoclassical distribution and growth theory─old and new and a critique; post-Keynesian distribution and growth theories I─Nicholas Kaldor, Luigi L. Pasinetti, Anthony P. Thirlwall, and Joan Robinson; post-Keynesian distribution and growth theories II─Michal Kalecki and Josef Steindl; the basic Kaleckian distribution and growth models; extending Kaleckian models I─saving out of wages and open economy issues; extending Kaleckian models II─technical progress; extending Kaleckian models III─interest and credit; extending Kaleckian models IV─finance-dominated capitalism; and the Kaleckian models and classical, Marxian, and Harrodian critique.” Hein is Professor at the Berlin School of Economics and Law.

Civil War General and Indian Fighter James M. Williams: Leader of the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry and the 8th US Cavalry by Robert W. Lull (review)

Reviewed by: Civil War General and Indian Fighter James M. Williams: Leader of the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry and the 8th US Cavalry by Robert W. Lull Michael Burns Civil War General and Indian Fighter James M. Williams: Leader of the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry and the 8th US Cavalry. By Robert W. Lull. Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2013. ix + 289 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $24.95 cloth. The military campaigns of the American Civil War in the Trans-Mississippi West have received [End Page 311] little attention from historians. In his biography of James M. Williams, the original commander of the Union’s First Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry and an officer with the US Regulars after the war, Robert W. Lull provides a depiction of the frontier’s Civil War as well as the army’s role in westward expansion after 1865. Williams contributed to many important events in the Great Plains, both as a peripheral and central player. After arriving in Kansas in 1856, Williams, a staunch abolitionist, took part in Bleeding Kansas, established the First Kansas Colored Infantry in 1862, and ably led it and eventually a brigade through most of the Trans-Mississippi Civil War. While commanding, Williams supported the equal treatment of black officers and soldiers. After the conflict, Williams joined the Eighth US Cavalry in Arizona and New Mexico territories. Wounded while on patrol in July 1867 and discharged as a result, Williams settled in Colorado and remained active with the Grand Army of the Republic. He died in Washington dc in February 1907 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. While Lull tracks Williams’s entire life, he primarily focuses on the Civil War years. This provides an interesting opportunity to discuss the racial dynamics of the conflict in the Great Plains. Williams led white, black, and Indian soldiers into battle, and his men fought both white and Indian Confederates. This racial tension led to atrocities on both sides, but Lull focuses mainly on those of white Confederates against black troops. The unique nature of battle in the Trans-Mississippi West also emerges from the narrative. Unlike the large-scale traditional battles east of the Mississippi, the fighting that involved the First Kansas consisted of primarily small unit actions and hit-and-run attacks. This type of warfare, Lull argues, prepared Williams for his post–Civil War command. As a former military officer himself, Lull’s discussions of military actions are the greatest strength of his study. Outside the military dimensions, Lull’s study possesses some weaknesses. As is common with many biographies, Williams comes off as a one-dimensional hero who rarely made mistakes. Providing some discussion of Williams’s personal or professional problems that resulted from his own actions would have made him even more interesting. Despite the book’s purpose, Williams disappears at times, making it seem like a history of the First Kansas Colored Infantry rather than a biography. Additionally, Lull’s section on the Indian Wars employs a fairly traditional approach. The Apache emerge as obstacles to American progress and the US Army as the vehicle of American civilization. Little complexity exists. Yet Lull interprets a little-known theater of the American Civil War. Using Williams as a central character adds a humanistic dimension to the mid-to late-nineteenth century conflicts in the West. As a result, Lull shows how historians can still employ biographies to explore larger concepts of American history. Michael Burns Department of History and Geography Texas Christian University Copyright © 2015 Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

The clinical effectiveness of a nurse practitioner versus a non-nurse practitioner on hospital admissions of older adults residing in skilled or long-term care nursing facilities: a systematic review protocol

The clinical effectiveness of a nurse practitioner versus a non-nurse practitioner on hospital admissions of older adults residing in skilled or long-term care nursing facilities: a systematic review protocol

Menu Labels Displaying the Kilocalorie Content or the Exercise Equivalent: Effects on Energy Ordered and Consumed in Young Adults

Determine the effect of menu labels displaying the energy content of food items or the exercise equivalent on energy ordered and consumed at lunch and energy intake for the remainder of the day in young adults. Subjects were randomized to a menu with no labels (no-labels), menu with kilocalorie labels displaying the energy content of the food items (kcal-labels), or menu with exercise labels displaying the minutes of brisk walking needed to burn the food energy (exercise-labels). The study was conducted in one dining area located in a metabolic kitchen at the Texas Christian University and another located in a residence occupied by graduate students. Of the 300 subjects, 55.7% were female, 77.3% were college students, 88% were white, and 88% were non-Hispanic. Mean body mass index and age were 24.2 ± 4.5 kg/m(2) and 21.9 ± 2.3 years, respectively. All menus contained the same food/beverage choices. Subjects ordered and consumed foods/beverages for lunch from the menu to which they were assigned. Subjects were blinded to study purpose. Energy ordered and consumed at lunch were assessed from the weight of the food ordered and consumed, respectively, and the energy content of the same foods available on the restaurant Web site. Postlunch energy intake was assessed by food recall. Analysis of covariance, adjusted for premeal hunger levels and gender, determined the effect of menu type on energy ordered and consumed and postlunch energy intake. Significant menu effect was observed for energy ordered (p = .008) and consumed (p = .04) at lunch. The exercise-labels group ordered significantly (p = .002) less energy (adjusted mean [confidence intervals]: 763 [703, 824] kcal) at lunch, compared to the no-labels group (902 [840, 963] kcal) but not compared to the kcal-labels group (827 [766, 888] kcal). The exercise-labels group also consumed significantly (p = .01) less energy (673 [620, 725] kcal) at lunch, compared to the no-labels group (770 (717, 823) kcal) but not compared to the kcal-labels group (722 [669, 776] kcal). Energy ordered and consumed were not different between kcal-labels and no-labels groups. There was no difference in postlunch energy intake by menu type. The menu with exercise-labels resulted in less energy ordered and consumed and this did not lead to greater energy consumption post lunch, compared to the menu with no-labels in young adults largely made up of normal-weight, non-Hispanic white college students.

Effectiveness of remifentanil & propofol infusion for procedural sedation in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: a systematic review protocol

Effectiveness of remifentanil & propofol infusion for procedural sedation in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: a systematic review protocol