Multiaspect layered double hydroxide nanohybrid counteracts pathophysiological cascade for ischemic stroke intervention.

EDTA functionalized mesoporous silica (mSiO2-EDTA) for Ca2 + and Zn2+ rechargeable dental resin composites.

This study evaluated extraction efficiencies and investigated how the choice of extractant influenced contamination assessments. Soil samples were taken from areas impacted by auto mechanic, paint processing, and abattoir wastes and analyzed for Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and V using three extractants: aqua regia (AR), nitric–perchloric acids (NP), and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Overall mean concentrations were computed from all samples collected at all waste disposal sites and control sites across depth intervals of 0–20, 20–60, and 60–80 cm. Mean Pb concentrations extracted with aqua regia (AR), nitric–perchloric acids (NP), and EDTA were 1534.0, 1419.0, and 1192.0 mg/kg, respectively. Similar trends were observed for Cd, Cr, Ni, and V, where aqua regia consistently yielded higher concentrations than nitric–perchloric acids and EDTA, reflecting the stronger digestion capability of aqua regia in releasing metals bound to resistant mineral phases. Results were compared with regulatory limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Pb and Cd exceeded FAO limits in all methods (indicating severe soil degradation), Ni slightly exceeded in aqua regia, but was below the limits in NP and EDTA, while V and Cr remained below permissible limits in all extractions. Heavy metal concentration decreased with soil depth, indicating surface enrichment that heightens exposure risk for plants, humans, and soil organisms. The results indicate that reliance on strong-acid digestion extractants may overestimate health and ecological risks, while dependence on milder extractants may underestimate contamination levels and associated hazards. Using multiple extractants provides a more practical assessment of soil contamination.

BackgroundBeta thalassemia major is the most common monogenic mutation disorder in Indonesia, with steadily increasing frequency. However, there are limited studies regarding genetic distribution and its relationship with the patient’s clinical manifestation. This study aimed to identify the genetic mutation frequency and its association with the clinical phenotype pattern among β-thalassemia major patients in East Java, Indonesia.MethodsIn this observational study, we include subjects who have diagnosed with β-thalassemia previously through Hb electrophoresis. Demographic distribution with several ethnicities of Javanese, Sundanese, Chinese, Maduranese, and Batak was recorded. From each subject, a total of 6 mL of blood sample was collected and divided into two ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes for CBC and DNA extraction. DNA samples were analyzed by PCR and followed by Sanger sequencing.ResultsA total of 91 subjects were included in this study, with a median age of 22.25 ± 7.56 years old; consisting of 52 females and 39 males, with Javanese as the most common ethnicity. There are 22 types of mutation were identified through Sanger sequencing. The most common mutation was IVS-1-5/CD 26 and the CD 35/CD 26 observed in 36 (39.5%) and 19 (20.8%), respectively. While 9 subjects (9.8%) had no mutation detected. Several clinical phenotypes, including iron overload, short stature, severe anemia, and splenomegaly, were most prevalent among the two most common genetic mutations.ConclusionThere is variability in clinical phenotype in β-thalassemia observed in several types of genotype mutations. Among all the mutations found in East Java, the genotypes IVS-1-5/CD 26 and CD 35/CD 26 were the two most frequent genotypes. Those genotypes are linear with the severity of the phenotype in β-thalassemia, such as severe anemia, iron overload, short stature, and splenomegaly.

Physiologically relevant in vitro intestinal models are essential for studying key physiological processes, including barrier function, drug screening and gut-microbiota interactions. However, conventional 2D culture systems often fail to recapitulate structural and functional complexity. Here, we aimed to validate a 3D bioelectronic transmembrane platform, previously used for monitoring human intestinal epithelium and vascular endothelium, for modeling the rat small intestinal barrier in vitro. The device integrates a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) scaffold supporting co-cultures of rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) and rat fibroblasts (208F), enabling real-time monitoring of barrier formation through electrical measurements using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Barrier formation was monitored over 21 days and exhibited a time-dependent increase in barrier resistance. The 3D platform was compared with traditional 2D insert-based cultures and ex vivo rat tissue using an Ethylene Glycol Tetraacetic Acid (EGTA)-induced calcium switch assay to evaluate barrier disruption and recovery. EGTA treatment and removal induced reversible barrier disruption in the 3D in vitro and ex vivo models, whereas 2D in vitro cultures showed limited recovery. These findings demonstrate that the 3D platform more faithfully recapitulates native tissue architecture and function, closely paralleling ex vivo responses. Our study highlights the importance of validating advanced 3D in vitro models and establishes this bioelectronic platform as a robust tool for drug screening, barrier studies, and preclinical gastrointestinal research.

Agrochemicals have been shown to affect non-target organisms and are often applied as mixtures of active ingredient and co-formulants. Although there is evidence that co-formulants play a role in these effects, their contribution has hardly been studied. Therefore, we studied effects of co-formulants on seed germination (percentage, time, synchrony) using a common anthelmintic formulation. The seeds of four species of temperate grasslands (Achillea ptarmica, Agrostis capillaris, Dianthus deltoides, Plantago lanceolata) were exposed to a commercial moxidectin formulation at a concentration of 10mgl-1 as well as three of its co-formulants: benzyl alcohol (BA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA-Na2). Results showed that the tested anthelmintic formulation as a whole and two of its co-formulants (BA, BHT) as individual substances significantly impacted germination behaviour of the test species. Formulation, BA and BHT significantly reduced germination percentage in all species compared to the control, with BA exerting the strongest effect (reduction up to 99%). The same three treatments significantly increased mean germination time in all species by a factor of two to four. Germination synchrony showed a weaker response and was only affected in two species (A. capillaris, D. deltoides) and only by BHT (reduction of 49% and 60%, respectively). The strong effects of BA and BHT on seed germination suggest that their contribution to effects of anthelmintic formulations is at least partly due to an independent impact. Therefore, co-formulants should be given greater consideration both in the design of ecotoxicological experiments and in environmental risk assessments.

Enhanced oxygen reduction performances of Fe/Zn-N-C from zinc/ferric-coordinated ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and in-situ generated dual salts

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of coriander seed, turmeric powder, and black pepper on feed intake, growth performance, and economic efficiency in commercial broiler chickens. The experimental data were statistically analyzed following the procedures by using a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The study was carried out at the Poultry Unit of the Instructional Livestock Farm Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, for six weeks, from May 1st to June 11th, 2016. Dry matter content of feed samples was determined by drying in a hot air oven at 100°C for 24 hours. Proximate analysis of representative feed samples was carried out using standard procedures. Blood samples were aseptically drawn from the wing vein and placed in containers with labels that contained the anticoagulant sodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (Na-EDTA). Using the Sahli's acid hematin method, the micro-hematocrit method for packed cell volume (PCV), and a hemocytometer for total erythrocyte count (TEC) and total leucocyte count (TLC), hemoglobin concentration was calculated. For biochemical analysis, blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to separate plasma, which was then stored at −20°C until further analysis. The results of the study revealed that dietary supplementation of coriander seed (2%), turmeric powder (2%), and black pepper (0.5%) significantly improved body weight gain and feed consumption in broiler chickens. Although feed conversion ratio (FCR) was numerically lower in the coriander seed and black pepper supplemented groups compared to the control and turmeric powder groups, the differences were statistically non-significant. Hematobiochemical parameters and carcass characteristics were not adversely affected by supplementation of coriander seed, turmeric powder, or black pepper in broiler diets. Economic analysis indicated that only the coriander seed and black pepper supplemented groups yielded positive returns over the control group.

This study aimed to compare the characteristics of laser-induced cavitation bubbles in different endodontic irrigants using a nanosecond neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with far-field focused irradiation. The nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser is known to generate cavitation bubbles in water through laser-induced optical breakdown; however, its effects on different endodontic irrigating solutions remain unclear. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to evaluate eight endodontic irrigants, including distilled water, normal saline (0.9% NaCl), 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and various sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions (0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.25%). High-speed photography captured plasma and cavitation bubbles at 50 mJ/pulse and 30 mJ/pulse energy levels. The images of 10 consecutive bubbles were analyzed to assess bubble dynamics parameters, including diameter, area, duration, expansion velocity, and time to reach maximum dimensions. These parameters were statistically evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test. Plasma generation occurred at both energy levels across all eight irrigants. The largest bubble diameter (4.83 mm) was recorded in 17% EDTA at 50 mJ/pulse, and the smallest (3.66 mm) was recorded in 0.5% NaOCl at 30 mJ/pulse. The highest bubble expansion velocity (19.31 mm/ms) was recorded in distilled water at 50 mJ/pulse, and the lowest (16.17 mm/ms) was recorded in 5.25% NaOCl at 50 mJ/pulse. The time to reach maximum bubble dimensions ranged from 0.17 ms to 0.24 ms. The nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser exhibited the ability to induce plasma formation and cavitation bubbles within the eight evaluated endodontic irrigants. This development establishes a fundamental basis for prospective applications in endodontic irrigation.

Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common cause of nutritional deficiency anemia in the developing world, and complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most common blood tests that is used to diagnose hematological abnormalities. Also, serum Ferritin is a more sensitive test used to evaluate and reflect iron status in the body. Tuberculosis is a major of a big health problem in the world, especially in Sudan. This study was done in Kosti teaching hospital from June to September 2018.Study design: Case-control study. Fifty patients infected with tuberculosis were selected as cases, and fifty normal persons (without TB) were matched as a control group. Methodology: 2.5 ml blood samples were taken in ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) treated tubes and were analyzed in the Mindray BC-3000 automated hematology analyzer. The Biosystem BTS-350 spectrophotometer protocol has been used for Ferritin measurement. ESR was read using the Westergren tube method.Results: The results showed highly significant differences in all hematological parameters in TB patients when compared with healthy person and the P value was 0.000 in all parameters, 0.01 in the Hb. Also, patients with normal and high serum Ferritin were detected (17 with normal value and 23 with a high serum Ferritin), and less than 10 cases of low serum Ferritin were those suffering from iron deficiency anemia. The ESR values of TB patients obtained in this study were significantly higher than control values.Conclusion: Most of the patients were anemic with low Hb and RBC indices. The study found a strong positive association of anemia without iron deficiency and TB (23 cases with high serum Ferritin and 10 cases with low serum Ferritin), suggesting that factors other than iron deficiency also contribute to the association of anemia with poor outcomes, which may be due to chronic infection.

Levodopa, which is usually used in combination with carbidopa, is the gold standard medication in relieving motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. There is substantial evidence showing the drugs' stability issues; hence, understanding kinetics and factors affecting drug degradation is of interest. This study highlighted the effects of antioxidants, heat, pH, buffer types, and illumination on the degradation of the two compounds in aqueous solutions. Experimental data showed that levodopa and carbidopa were stable at pH ≤ 5.5 and ≤ 3.0, respectively. Illumination, heat, and neutralized pH accelerated the degradation of the drugs. Carbidopa stability was enhanced when antioxidants (e.g. sodium thiosulfate, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) were introduced. The two drugs accelerated the degradation of each other, whereas carbidopa was more susceptible to degradation than levodopa. The presence of levodopa increased carbidopa degradation rate constant by approximately 4 times and 2 times under light shielding and illumination, respectively.

Combining metabolomics and network pharmacology to clarify the mechanism of Angelica sinensis-Sophora flavescens pills in treating atopic dermatitis through the sweet-bitter harmonization theory.

Fruit ripening, cell wall composition, and calcium associations in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) cultivars with contrasting firmness

To investigate the impact of different post space sterilants, namely methylene blue (MB) photosensitizer (PS)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs), sepiolite nanoparticles (SepNPs), and Er, Cr: YSGG laser (ECL), on the smear layer (SL) removal and push-out bond strength (PBS) of glass fiber posts (GFPs) to canal dentin. A total of 52 single-rooted premolars were carefully selected, crowns were decoronated, and endodontic therapy was performed; subsequently, the samples were prepared for post space utilizing Gates-Glidden instruments. The specimens were categorized into four cohorts based on the disinfection regime (n = 13): Group 1: 2.5% NaOCl + ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), Group 2: MB-CHNPs-PDT + EDTA, Group 3: MB-SepNPs-PDT + EDTA, and Group 4: ECL + EDTA. SL removal analysis and PS-loaded nanoparticle characterization were executed using scanning electron microscopy. Self-cure resin cement was used for bonding GFP, followed by thermocycling. The evaluation of bond strength and the analysis of the fracture mode were conducted utilizing a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a post hoc test (p < 0.05). The cervical section of Group 2 (MB-CHNPs-PDT + EDTA) test specimens displayed the maximum cleaning of SL (1.22 ± 0.23) and the highest PBS (11.23 ± 0.12 MPa). However, the apical third of Group 1 (MB-SepNPs-PDT + EDTA) reported minimum SL removal (4.53 ± 0.17) and the lowest bond strength (6.65 ± 0.13 MP). Group 1 (2.5% NaOCl + EDTA) and Group 4 (ECL + EDTA) presented no significant variation in SL elimination and PBS of GFP. Using EDTA co-application, the MB-loaded CHNP protocol was associated with lower smear layer scores and higher PBS compared with the other tested groups.

Calcium (Ca2+) is known as a key regulator of sperm physiology, playing a crucial role in capacitation, hyperactivation, the acrosome reaction, and fertilisation. Despite this, whether it shapes the sperm's ability to withstand liquid preservation has not been addressed. Herein, we investigated how altering Ca2+ availability to pig sperm during storage at 17°C affects their quality and metabolic activity. Using ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and its membrane-permeable form (EGTA-AM), we selectively chelated either extracellular or intracellular Ca2+, respectively. Semen samples (n=12 pools) were preserved in Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) under four conditions: control, Ca2+ supplementation, extracellular Ca2+ chelation, and intracellular Ca2+ chelation. Sperm function and metabolism were evaluated by flow cytometry and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), whereas motility was assessed using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). Ca2+ supplementation increased metabolic activity and induced capacitation-like changes, impairing sperm function. Intracellular Ca2+ chelation caused a sharp decline in motility and disrupted the metabolic balance, likely due to proton (H+) accumulation in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. In contrast, extracellular Ca2+ chelation preserved sperm viability, membrane integrity, and motility, while slightly reducing the OCR and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. These findings highlight the critical role of Ca2+ homeostasis in maintaining sperm function and suggest that fine-tuning Ca2+ dynamics - rather than full depletion - may improve the longevity and fertilising potential of liquid-stored pig semen.

Defect-mediated high loading metal single-atom catalysts direct oxygen reduction reaction selectivity to H2O2 production.

Epithelial cell layers dynamically remodel their mechanical interactions with the substrate, but the quantitative evaluation of such interfacial behavior remains challenging. Here, we employed quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring to investigate how the viscoelastic coupling between epithelial monolayers and their substrate responds to calcium chelation by ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), which disrupts cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion and mimics an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like condition. Time-resolved measurements of resonance frequency and energy dissipation were analyzed using a viscoelastic model to extract changes in apparent elastic modulus and damping ratio. EGTA treatment induced a gradual increase in apparent elasticity and a concurrent reduction in viscous damping, reflecting a transition from a strongly coupled viscoelastic state to a partially decoupled and effectively more elastic configuration. The magnitude of these responses increased with culture duration, indicating stronger collective mechanics in more mature cell layers. These findings demonstrate that QCM-D can sensitively detect dynamic alterations in the interfacial mechanical behavior of living cell layers, providing a simple and quantitative platform for investigating EMT-associated transitions and other processes involving collective mechanical remodeling.

In the present study, nano sized Fe3O4 particles (NPs) and composites (NCs) were prepared by a simple solvo-thermal method in ethylene, di-ethylene or tetraethylene glycol solutions for the removal of arsenic from tap water. Adsorption experiments were conducted by adding Fe3O4 NPs, and Fe3O4- graphene oxide (GO), Fe3O4-GO -ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and Fe3O4-GO-Glutatyon (GLU) NCs to the tap water containing 50 ppm standard arsenic acid solution (H3AsO4). The best arsenic adsorption capacity (81.39 %, 72.00 mg As/ g NPs) was obtained from bare Fe3O4 NP’s group. In the second stage, it was aimed to investigate the effects of Fe3O4 NPs on medicinal leeches (Hirudo verbana) as experimental animal. In this stage, the effect of the different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.75 and 1 mg/L) of Fe3O4 NPs on the leeches H. verbana and heavy metal accumulations were determined at the end of 96 hours. Different doses of Fe3O4 NPs had no adverse effects on survival of the medicinal leeches, although heavy metal accumulations of the leeches were found different significantly compared to the control group (P

The use of flash-dried cassava pulp as a feed ingredient in poultry production is limited by concerns about its impact on animal health, necessitating an evaluation of its effects on haematological and serum biochemistry indices of turkey starters. One hundred and twenty (120) day-old British United Turkey (BUT) poults were sourced from a reputable farm in Nigeria. Poults were brooded for 28 days, during which prestarter diet was offered. Thereafter, starter turkeys (29-56 days) were randomly assigned into four (4) dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). Thirty (30) turkey starters were assigned in each treatment and replicated six (6) times with five (5) birds per replicate. The test feeds were formulated so that flashed-fried cassava pulp (FDCP) partially replaced maize at level of 0, 5, 10 and 15% in starting phase. Water and feed were supplied ad-libitum. At the 7th week, 3 mls blood samples were collected via the wing vein into vials containing ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) as an anti-coagulant for the determination of haematological indices. Another set (3 mls) of blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes for serum biochemistry analysis using standard procedures. Results showed that mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, monocytes, hemoglobin, cholesterol, alkaline phosphate (ALP) and density bilirubin were significantly affected (p&lt;0.05). MCV significantly (p&lt;0.05) ranged between 94.07 and 127.32 (fl),MCH ranged between 31.27 and 41.27 (pg), WBC ranged between 12.13 and 13.87 (x 109/l), lymphocytes between 67.67 and 71.00 (%), monocytes between 0.00 and 1.67 (%), haemoglobin between 11.10 and 12.50 (g/l), 93.57 and 139.53 (mg/dl), cholesterol between, ALP between 13.00 and 42.00 (U/L) and density bilirubin between 0.02 and 0.06 (mg/dl). Conclusively, up to 15% flashed-dried cassava pulp did not pose negative effects on haematological and serum biochemistry indices of turkey at starting phase.

Hematological examination is essential for clinical diagnostics. The accuracy of hemoglobin measurements depends on the proper handling of pre-analytical samples. Storage of tripotassium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (K3EDTA) blood samples for too long at room temperature can lead to erythrocyte changes that affect test results. This study aims to determine the effect of K3EDTA blood sample storage time at 1 hour, 6 hours, and 24 hours at room temperature on hemoglobin levels. This comparative analysis study was carried out at the Hematology Laboratory, Diploma III Medical Laboratory Technology Program, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health of East Kalimantan, on November 4–5, 2024. The study used 42 venous blood samples collected in K3EDTA tubes from 25 men and 17 women aged 18–55 years. Hemoglobin levels were measured using the cyanmethemoglobin method at three time points: 1, 6, and 24 hours at room temperature (20–25°C). Statistical analysis used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test. The mean hemoglobin values at 1, 6, and 24 hours were 14.8, 15.2, and 14.9 g/dl (male) and 13.3, 14.3, and 13.3 g/dl (female), respectively. ANOVA showed significant differences (p=0.001). Post hoc analysis revealed substantial differences between 1-hour and 6-hour storage (p=0.001) and between 6-hour and 24-hour storage (p=0.003), but not between 1-hour and 24-hour storage (p=0.766). In conclusion, storage time has a significant effect on hemoglobin measurements, with critical changes occurring at 6 hours, providing evidence-based guidance for pre-analytical quality assurance.