Testicular Damage In Rats Research Articles

Long-Term Heat Stress Exposure Induced Poor Semen Parameters and Testicular Damage in Rats by Increasing Oxidative Stress, Sex Hormone Silencing, and Activation of Intrinsic Testicular Apoptosis [348

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Protective effects of Artocarpus altilis (Moraceae) on cadmium-induced changes in sperm characteristics and testicular oxidative damage in rats.

Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental toxicant and an endocrine disruptor. We investigated the protective effects of methanol extract of Artocarpus altilis (AA) against Cd-induced testicular damage in rats while quercetin (Que) served as standard. The total flavonoids and phenolic contents (TFC and TPC), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals scavenging activities of AA were determined. In vivo, thirty male Wistar rats were assigned to six groups and orally treated with corn oil (control), Cd alone, Cd+Que, Cd+AA, Que and AA alone. Que and AA were given at doses of 25 and 200 mg kg(-1), respectively, for 3 weeks and challenged with two doses of Cd (1.5 mg kg(-1)). Results showed that TFC and TPC of AA increased with increase in concentration. AA scavenged DPPH and OH radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of Cd significantly increased the relative weight of testis of rats. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased while antioxidant parameters decreased in testis of Cd-treated rats. Also, Cd-treated rats had significantly reduced sperm count, motility, sialic acid, luteinising hormone and testosterone relative to controls. Pre-treatment with AA or Que significantly attenuated the biochemical alterations observed in Cd-treated rats. Overall, AA protects against Cd-induced testicular damage via antioxidative mechanism.

Protective Effect of Resveratrol Against Aluminium Chloride (ALCL<SUB>3</SUB>) Induced Testicular Damage in Rats Entails Inhibition of Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Protective Effect of Resveratrol Against Aluminium Chloride (ALCL<SUB>3</SUB>) Induced Testicular Damage in Rats Entails Inhibition of Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The Melatonin Attenuates Alloxan Induced Post-Diabetic Testicular Damage and Oxidative Effects in Rats

The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect of melatonin (MLT) on the alloxan-induced post-diabetic testicular damage in rats. Forty-eight Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n=12). Group C received 0.9% saline for 45 days, as control. Group DM (Diabetes Mellitus) was injected by 120 mg/kg single dose alloxan intraperitoneally (IP). Group MLT was treated by 10 mg/ kg/d MLT IP for 45 d. Group DM+MLT was treated by 10 mg/kg/d MLT IP for 45 days following alloxan injection. Six animals on days 15 and the remaining 6 on days 45 were sacrificed in each group after the initiation of the study. Testis tissues and blood samples were collected to investigate blood glucose, oxidant and antioxidant statues, sperm parameters, and histopathological and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)-immunopositive cell examinations. MLT treatment of diabetic rats prevented the increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and 8-OHdG concentrations, and the decreases in the GSH and SOD levels observed in DM groups. Alloxan administration depressed the sperm concentration, the number of progressively motile spermatozoa, premature acrosome reaction (AR) and calcium ionophore A23187-induced AR rates, without any change in dead and/or abnormal sperm rates in DM group. Histopathological and immunohistochemical observations also revealed that MLT-treated diabetic rats had an enhanced histological architecture and DNA damage in testis. These findings suggest that MLT treatment prevents the testicular damage by declining the oxidative stress, but it did not recover the depressed sperm parameters in diabetic rats.

Effects of resveratrol on doxorubicin induced testicular damage in rats

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the likely protective effect of resveratrol (RES) on doxorubicin (DOX) induced testicular damage. Rats were divided into five groups: control, RES, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DOX and DOX+RES. At the end of treatment, the rats were sacrificed. Plasma testosterone levels, oxidative status, epididymal sperm parameters and testicular apoptosis were evaluated. MDA levels, GP-x and GSH activities were higher in the DOX group than in the control group. MDA levels were lower in the DOX+RES group than in the DOX group. The DOX group exhibited a significant decrease in plasma testosterone levels, sperm concentration and motility, and a significant increase in abnormal sperm rate and TUNEL (+) cells in the testis. A significant increase was observed in plasma testosterone levels and sperm concentration and motility, and a significant decrease in the abnormal sperm rate and TUNEL (+) cells in the DOX+RES group compared to the DOX group. A marked improvement in severe degenerative alterations in the germinative epithelium was also observed following treatment with RES. In conclusion, RES makes a positive contribution to fertility by exhibiting anti-apoptotic and antiperoxidative effects against DOX-induced testicular damage.

Quercetin ameliorates atrazine-induced changes in the testicular function of rats.

The protective effect of quercetin (QT) on atrazine (ATZ)-induced testicular damage in rats was investigated. Sexually mature male Wistar rats (weighing 220-250 g) divided into four groups with six animals in each group were given ATZ (120 mg kg(-1); 1/16 of the median lethal dose for an oral dose) and/or QT (10 mg kg(-1)) daily via gavage for 16 days. By the end of day 16, rats given ATZ alone had significantly lower sperm counts, daily spermatozoa production, and sperm motility and significantly higher abnormal sperm numbers than the untreated control rats. The rats given ATZ alone also had significantly decreased 3β-hydroxtsteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17β-HSD activities than the control rats. Lactate dehydrogenase activity and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased, whereas superoxide dismutase activity decreased but glutathione levels remain unaffected after ATZ exposure. These changes were reversed toward control values in the QT + ATZ-treated animals, though the sperm motility was 28% below the control levels but was still higher than in the ATZ-treated rats. The results indicate that QT might improve testicular function of rats exposed to ATZ, but its protective effect on sperm motility might be partial.

The role of ketotifen in the prevention of testicular damage in rats with experimental unilateral undescended testes.

The aims of this study conducted on rats were to determine mast cell (MC) proliferation on undescended testes (UDTs); whether there is a correlation between MC proliferation and testicular damage; and whether testicular damage can be prevented with administration of an MC blocker. Sixty-five newborn male rats were divided into three groups. During the neonatal period, unilateral UDTs were experimentally induced in Group 2 and Group 3. The rats in Group 3 were given 1 mg/kg/day ketotifen orally until the end of the study. Groups 2 (n=30) and 3 (n=15) were divided into groups of ten and five rats, respectively, each of which underwent bilateral orchiectomy in either the prepubertal, pubertal, or adult period. Group 1 (n=15) underwent a sham operation followed by bilateral orchiectomy, with five rats in each of the prepubertal, pubertal, and adult periods. Testicular MCs in the interstitial and subtubular areas, biopsy scores, interstitial connective tissue, seminiferous tubule (ST) diameters, and the basement membrane thickness of STs were evaluated. In Group 2 the ST diameters in the UDTs decreased, the number of MCs in the interstitial and subtubular areas increased, ST basement membranes thickened, and spermatogenesis decreased. The number of MCs in the interstitial and subtubular areas of the descended testes increased and spermatogenesis decreased. In Group 3, the number of MCs in the interstitial and subtubular areas decreased. In unilateral UDTs, the number of MCs in the interstitial and subtubular areas increased in both testes. Fibrosis developed in the ST basement membranes and interstitial areas, and spermatogenesis deteriorated. Testicular fibrosis may be prevented with administration of an MC blocker.

Modulatory Role of Kolaviron in Phenytoin-Induced Hepatic and Testicular Dysfunctions in Wistar Rats

ABSTRACTPhenytoin, an anticonvulsant agent used for the treatment of epilepsy has been reported to exhibit toxic side effects on the liver and testes. The present study investigated the protective effects of kolaviron (KV, a bioflavonoid from Garcinia kola seeds) against hepatic and testicular damage in rats exposed to phenytoin. The study consisted of four groups of six rats per group. Group I rats received 2 mL/kg of corn alone while group II received 75 mg/kg of phenytoin (PHT) alone. Groups III and IV were co-treated with kolaviron (200 mg/kg KV) and vitamin E (500 mg/kg VTE), respectively, for 14 days. The antioxidant status, hepatic and reproductive functional parameters were subsequently determined. PHT treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels along with significant reduction in the hepatic and testicular levels of glutathione (GSH). Moreover, PHT exposure elicited significant increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The significant reduction in seminal epithelium thickness and the diameter of seminiferous tubules was accompanied with marked decrease in sperm motility, sperm count, and viability in PHT-treated rats. However, antioxidant status and the functional indices of liver and testes were restored to near control levels in rats co-treated with KV and VTE. In conclusion, KV and VTE protect the liver and testes against functional impairment due to PHT treatment.

Black tea extract ameliorates indomethacin induced changes in testicular histopathology of albino rats

Context: Reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation play a role in the pathogenesis induced by the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug indomethacin. Aims: This study was aimed to assess the simultaneous effect of black tea extract (BTE) on indomethacin induced alteration in testicular pathology. Materials and Methods: Adult rats were divided into four groups (n = 6/group); Group I (control); Group II (indomethacin, 5 mg/kg b.wt.; i.p.); Group III (BTE, 2.5 g tea leaf/dL of water, i.e., 2.5% of aqueous BTE, orally) and Group IV (indomethacin + BTE). Serum vitamin E, sperm count, motility, and histopathology of testes were evaluated. Statistical Analysis: Statistical comparisons were performed using the one-way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc t-test. Results: Indomethacin induced rats showed a significant decrease in testicular weight, sperm count, sperm motility, and serum vitamin E concentrations. Histopathology of the testes revealed tortuous seminiferous tubules, loss of spermatogenesis process, marked decrease in the number of interstitial cells of Leydig and been replaced by many foci of congestion, edema, necrosis, and interstitial fibrosis. Rats simultaneously treated with BTE and indomethacin showed improvement of testicular weight, sperm count, sperm motility, and serum vitamin E concentrations when compared to indomethacin alone treated rats. Similarly, histopathology of rats treated simultaneously with indomethacin and BTE showed near normal testicular architecture when compared to indomethacin alone treated rats. Conclusion: The result suggests that BTEs might have potential beneficial effect to combat against indomethacin induced testicular damage in rats. Key words: Black tea extract, indomethacin, testicular damage, vitamin E

Quercetin prevents docetaxel-induced testicular damage in rats

The protective effect of quercetin on docetaxel - an anticancer agent - induced testicular damage in rats was investigated. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 - control, carrier solutions were given; group 2 - quarcetin 20mgkg(-1) day(-1) was given orally; group 3 - docetaxel 5mgkg(-1) was given intraperitoneally as single dose; group 4 - docetaxel and quarcetin were given together. The histopathological changes; the specific biochemical markers, including antioxidants; and the sperm characteristics were evaluated. Docetaxel caused a significant increase in TBARS level and a significant decrease in SOD, GPX, CAT and GSH levels in the testicular tissues compared with the control group, whereas quercetin led to a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, which was caused by docetaxel, via reducing TBARS level and increasing the levels of SOD, CAT, GPX and GSH. In addition, after docetaxel administration, sperm motility, sperm concentration, testicular and epididymis weights were significantly decreased and abnormal sperm rate and histopathological changes were increased. However, these effects of docetaxel on sperm parameters, histological changes and the tissue weights were eliminated by quercetin treatment. Our results show that the administration of docetaxel induced the testicular damage (oxidative stress, testes tissue damage and sperm parameters), and quercetin prevented docetaxel-induced testicular damage in rats.

Zinc protects cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage in rat: Involvement of metallothionein, tesmin and Nrf2

The role of zinc (Zn) in the protection of germ cells against testicular toxicants has long been elucidated, but the exact molecular mechanisms have not yet been explored. Cyclophosphamide (CP), one of the most commonly used anticancer drugs survived ages of treatment, but the unwanted toxicity limits its clinical usage. The present investigation was aimed to explore the role of Zn and its associated pathways in CP-induced testicular toxicity in S.D. rat. CP was administered in saline 30mg/kg 5× weekly for 3weeks (total dose of 450mg/kg) by i.p. route, while Zn was supplemented by oral route at the doses of 1, 3, 10mg/kg/day for 3weeks. CP significantly reduced Zn levels in serum and testes, body and testicular weight, sperm count and motility, spermiogenic cells, plasma testosterone and significantly increased the oxidative stress, sperm head abnormalities, sperm DNA damage with decreased chromatin and acrosome integrity; while Zn supplementation ameliorated the same. The present results demonstrated that Zn supplementation protected against CP-induced testicular damages by modulating metallothionein (MT), tesmin and Nrf2 associated pathways. Thus Zn supplementation during anticancer therapy might be potentially beneficial in reducing the off target effects associated with oxidative stress.

Protective Role of Vitamin C on Sperm Characteristics and Testicular Damage in Rats Exposed to Radiation

Protective Role of Vitamin C on Sperm Characteristics and Testicular Damage in Rats Exposed to Radiation

S142 Quercetin prevents docetaxel-induced testicular damage in rats

S142 Quercetin prevents docetaxel-induced testicular damage in rats

Quercetin attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced testicular damage in rats

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of quercetin on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced sperm damages, testicular apoptosis and oxidative stress in male rats. Group 1 served as control, group 2 was treated with only quercetin, group 3 was treated with only CCl4 and group 4 received CCl4 + quercetin. All administrations were performed by gavage and maintained for 10 weeks. CCl4 administration caused significant decreases in absolute and relative reproductive organ weights, sperm motility, concentration and testicular glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities, and significant increases in lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, abnormal sperm rate and testicular apoptotic cell index, along with some histopathological damages when compared to the control group. However, administration of CCl4 together with quercetin provided statistically significant improvements in LPO level, abnormal sperm rate, the degree of histopathological lesions and testicular apoptotic cell index when compared to only CCl4 group. In addition, improvements observed in absolute and relative weights of reproductive organs, sperm motility and concentration, and testicular GSH-Px and CAT activities in group 4 were statistically insignificant when compared to only CCl4 group. In conclusion, quercetin has antiperoxidative effect, and its oral administration attenuates the CCl4 -induced some damages in male reproductive organs and cells by decreasing the LPO.

Chlorpyrifos induced testicular damage in rats: Ameliorative effect of glutathione antioxidant

This study investigated the induction of oxidative stress in the testes of adult rats exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF). CPF was administered orally, in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight to male rats for 90 days, twice weekly. Coadministration of water-soluble nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) was performed in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, orally, for the same period. Another two groups of male rats were administered GSH and corn oil, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase and GSH reductase were decreased while the levels of lipid peroxidation were increased in the testicular tissues of the exposed animals. Testosterone level in the serum was significantly decreased. A decrease in the histochemical determination of testicular alkaline phosphatase was observed in CPF-treated rats. A significant decrease in all stages of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules was recorded in the exposed animals. Coadministration of GSH restored these parameters.

Protection by Hydrogen Against Gamma Ray‐Induced Testicular Damage in Rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of hydrogen-rich saline solution (HRSS) and WR-2721 on the testicular damage induced by irradiation. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I served as control group. Rats in group II were exposed to the irradiation. The animals in group III and IV were injected intraperitoneally with HRSS (5 ml/kg) and WR-2721 (200 mg/kg), respectively, 15 min. before the start of gamma irradiation. Testis weight, testis dimensions, sperm count, sperm motility, apoptosis index and biochemical assays were assessed after a 4-day initiation of irradiation. Testis weight, testis dimensions, sperm count, sperm motility in group II were significantly lower compared with those in the control group, whereas they were higher in the HRSS and WR-2721 group. Apoptosis index was significantly increased in group II. Treatment of rats with HRSS and WR-2721 significantly reduced the apoptosis index. On the other hand, irradiation markedly decreased activities of SOD. Activities of SOD were significantly improved when treated with HRSS and WR-2721. Significant increase in the MDA level was observed in group II. MDA levels of group III and IV were significantly lowered when compared with group II. HRSS also played a significant role in the recovery of serum testosterone levels. The results from this experimental study suggest that hydrogen has a possible protective effect against radiation-induced testicular damage.

Aminoguanidine prevents testicular damage-induced-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in male rats

In this study, it was aimed to determinate protective effects of aminoguanidine (AG) against reproductive toxicity caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an environmental contaminant. Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups; the first group was kept as control and given corn oil as carrier. In second and third groups, TCDD and AG were orally administered at the dose of 2μgkg(-1) per week and 100mgkg(-1) per day for 45days, respectively. In fourth group, TCDD and AG were given together at the same doses. Although TCDD significantly increased the formation of TBARS, it caused a significant decline in the levels of GSH, CAT, GPx and SOD in rats. On the other hand, AG, given together TCDD, reversed TCDD effects on TBARS SOD, GSH, GPx and CAT. In addition, sperm characteristics negatively affected and histopathological deformation occurred with TCDD exposure. However, AG treatment partly prevented these toxic effects of TCDD on spermatological parameters and histopathological changes. In conclusion, TCDD exposure induces testicular damage (oxidative stress, histopathological damage and sperm parameters), and AG treatment reversed TCDD-induced testicular damage in rats. Thus, AG may be useful for the prevention and treatment of TCDD-induced male infertility problems.

Chlorpyrifos -induced testicular damage in rats: The effect of glutathione antioxidant

This study investigated the induction of oxidative stress in the testis of adult rat exposed to Chlorpyriphos (CPF). CPF was administered orally, in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight to male rats for 90 days/ twice/ weekly. Co- administration of water soluble non enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) was given in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, oral, for the same period. Another two groups of male rats were administered GSH and corn oil, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase were decreased while the levels of lipid peroxidation were increased in the testicular tissues of the exposed animals. Testosterone hormone level in the serum was significantly decreased. The decrease in the histochemical determination of testicular alkaline phosphatase was observed in CPF-treated rats. A significant decrease in all stages of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules was recorded in the exposed animals. Co-dministration of GSH restored these parameters.

The Effects ofα-Lipoic Acid against Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Testicular torsion is one of the urologic emergencies occurring frequently in neonatal and adolescent period. Testis is sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury, and, therefore, ischemia and consecutive reperfusion cause an enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species that result in testicular cell damage and apoptosis. α-lipoic acid is a free radical scavenger and a biological antioxidant. It is widely used in the prevention of oxidative stress and cellular damage. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of α-lipoic acid on testicular damage in rats subjected to testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. 35 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, sham operated, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion +lipoic acid groups, 2 h torsion and 2 h detorsion of the testis were performed. Testicular cell damage was examined by H-E staining. TUNEL and active caspase-3 immunostaining were used to detect germ cell apoptosis. GPx , SOD activity, and MDA levels were evaluated. Histological evaluation showed that α-lipoic acid pretreatment reduced testicular cell damage and decreased TUNEL and caspase-3-positive cells. Additionally, α-lipoic acid administration decreased the GPx and SOD activity and increased the MDA levels. The present results suggest that LA is a potentially beneficial agent in protecting testicular I/R in rats.

Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate on Testicular Damage in Rats with Stretozotocin-Induced Diabetes

Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate on Testicular Damage in Rats with Stretozotocin-Induced Diabetes