Seeing Duhem's bon sens through Dewey's logic. Judgment as the central function of knowing.

This study was designed to investigate the microbiological safety of irrigation water along with waste effluents and their impact on vegetables. Irrigation water samples situated amongst hospital, abattoir and petrol station were aseptically collected with fresh vegetables simultaneously. Physicochemical, microbiological and molecular studies were carried out using standard methods. The result of the physicochemical analysis shows that the irrigation water samples temperature ranged from 23.4-24.8oC while the pH ranged from 7.24-7.51. The bacterial count of isolates showed that the water samples were highly contaminated with microbial count ranging from 9×102 to 151×104 cfu/ml which has exceeded the WHO microbial count recommendation for potable water (10×103cfu/ml). Organisms isolated from both water and vegetable samples were all pathogenic. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed that all the isolates were susceptible to cefepime and oxacillin while 60% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Aeromonas taiwanensis was recovered from both the water and vegetable samples. This however calls for huge attention as Aeromonas species are potential pathogenic organisms that can be isolated from both clinical and polluted environmental samples such as wounds, petrol and abattoir litters. Therefore, it can be concluded that wastewater effluents should not be channeled directly into surface water bodies without prior safety treatments.

Colombian Paso horses (CPs) excel in gait competitions due to their endurance, speed, and precision, which demand a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness. However, their training regimes often lack scientific support, and few studies have linked physiological parameters to optimal training zones. This study aimed to estimate the aerobic lactate threshold (LTaer) using mathematical methods and to correlate it with heart rate (HR) zones and blood lactate. Eighteen CPs were evaluated and classified into trained (GT) and untrained (GD) groups. All animals underwent a field-based incremental exercise test (IET) with continuous HR monitoring and serial blood sampling for lactate, creatinine, BUN, AST, and CK analysis. LTaer was estimated using three methods: visual inspection, and fixed thresholds at 2 mmol/L (ZL2), and 4 mmol/L (ZL4). HR zones corresponding to each threshold were then calculated based on a maximum estimated HR of 220 bpm. The visual method placed LTaer in zone 2 for both groups. ZL2 located the threshold in zone 2 for GT and in zone 3 for GD, whereas ZL4 placed the threshold in zone 4 for both groups. Although no intergroup differences in lactate or HR were observed, intragroup differences emerged above 75% of HRmax, indicating exponential lactate accumulation. Biochemical parameters revealed significant pre- to post-exercise changes, but no differences between groups, suggesting a standardized workload. This is the first study to propose field-based prediction of LTaer in CPs using HR derived from wearable technologies, based on blood lactate and a standardized exercise test's results. Correlating HR zones with lactate thresholds facilitates workload analysis in the field. Future studies should investigate the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in this breed.

The problem of poverty has a very urgent nature and has no clear boundaries. This is due not only to its continued upward trend, but also to its impact that transcends the economic sphere, encompasses social aspects and even threatens political stability within the country. Most countries with large populations also tend to have higher poverty rates compared to countries with smaller populations. Likewise, with the level of education and TPAK where inmany communities with low economies, opportunities to get adequate education, ranging from elementary to higher, are often limited, furthermore, if TPAK increases this can have a positive impact on economic growth. This study uses time series data with variables of population growth, education level, , TPAK, and poverty rate in the last 26 years, namely 1996-2021 until the number of observations is 26 observation points. Based on the results of data processing and testing simultaneously shows that population growth, education rate, and labor force participation rate (TPAK) affect simultaneously in Papua Province. Population growth has a negative and significant effect on poverty. The level of education, that is, the average length of schooling, has a negative and insignificant effect on poverty. The labor force participation rate (TPAK) has a negative and significant effect on poverty. keyword: Population Growth, Education Level, TPAK, Poverty

Farmers' attitudes may have an impact on their decision to diversify their farms by implementing various strategies. So, the present study was conducted to develop a valid and trustworthy instrument in order to determine the farmers' attitudes regarding agricultural diversification in northern Bangladesh. The “Likert’s summated rating approach” was used to develop a standardized attitude scale. A total of 40 statements, both positive and negative, were collected and reviewed based on Thurstone & Chave and Edwards & Kilpatric's fourteen principles, and 32 statements were retained, which were sent to 45 judges to evaluate their relevancy. Considering the relevance test's results, 25 statements were given to 32 farmers in the non-sampling areas for item analysis. Of the 25 statements, 14 statements having ‘t’ values more than 1.75 were selected for the final attitude scale. The reliability was measured by Cronbach’s Alpha, and validity was examined with the help of content validity. The reliability coefficient was found to be 0.985, which confirmed the internal consistency with higher reliability of the developed scale. So, this standardized scale can be utilized by other academics and researchers in related domains to assess farmers' attitudes, which will help policymakers and extension professionals make the best decisions to promote the adoption of agricultural diversification.

Abstract: This paper innovatively proposes a three-roll skew rolling process for flexible forming of hollow turbine shaft, which solves the problems of long manufacturing process and low material utilization of hollow turbine shaft, the core component of aeroengine. Simufact.Forming 14.0 (SF) numerical simulation software was used to establish the finite element model of two-pass three-roll skew rolling of the GH4169 superalloy turbine shaft. The effects of process parameters on the outer diameter error, roundness error and wall thickness uniformity of the rolled piece were investigated by single factor experiments. A five-factor three-level orthogonal test was designed to explore the optimum process parameters by ' comprehensive scoring method'. The results show that the optimal process parameters are that the first pass roll rotating speed is 40 rad/min, the first pass axial speed is 15 mm/s, the second pass roll rotating speed is 50 rad/min, the second pass axial speed is 25 mm/s, and the billet preheating temperature is 1000ºC. The axial velocity of the second pass has the greatest influence on the test results, while the rotational speed of the second pass has the least influence. Under the optimal parameter combination simulation experiment, the outer diameter error, outer roundness error and wall thickness standard deviation are 0.151 mm, 0.121 mm and 0.034 mm, respectively, which are better than the results in the orthogonal test table. The research results provide a theoretical basis for realizing flexible, economical and high-quality forming of hollow turbine shaft by three-roll skew rolling.

Improving access to test results for participants in bio-behavioural surveys of people who inject drugs.

Background: Healthcare produces 10% of US carbon emissions. Diagnostic stewardship can improve patient care while reducing emissions from unnecessary testing. In the Bronx, community outbreaks of Legionella pneumophila result in frequent testing, yet, most testing for Legionella and Pneumococcus are negative. The institution is transitioning from separate tests for Streptococcus pneumoniae and L. pneumophila to a single combined test. We evaluated the environmental impact of this change. Methods: To approximate emissions from separate versus combined testing kits, each kit component was weighed and converted to CO2 emission equivalents using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) greenhouse gas equivalencies calculators. Using data from the previous 12 months and projecting similar future testing patterns, we estimated an emissions reduction based on combined testing. By multiplying waste emissions before and after combined testing, we were able to estimate the emissions diverted by this institutional change. Results: From January 2023 to November 2024, 13906 urine Legionella tests were performed and 62 (0.45%) were positive, while 12796 urine Pneumococcal tests were performed and 479 (3.74%) were positive. Separate testing kits generated 218.2 kg of plastic waste and 749.1 kg of paper waste. Projected plastic waste from January 2025 to November of 2026 using the combined test is 48.5 kg of paper waste and 64.2 kg of plastic waste. The total estimated emissions reduction is 4.34 Kg of CO2. Conclusions: Diagnostic stewardship via a combined urinary antigen test can reduce waste from unnecessary testing without altering workflow. This institutional change is projected to reduce the plastic waste equivalent to 8480 water bottles and reduce emissions equivalent to using 11 gallons of gasoline or charging 340 smartphones. Our calculations are likely an underestimate of total emissions diverted since we only estimated emissions produced by waste in the landfill and did not account for other associated emissions such as those produced by transporting the waste. While the impact is modest, diagnostic stewardship applied broadly is a step towards a goal of net zero.

This research sheds new light on the evolution of microalgae behaviour, specifically their interaction and adaptation strategies to atypical media. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Spirulina platensis cultivated in a medium made from camel urine at concentrations of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 (v:v) during periods (7, 28, and 42 day). The test was performed by the disc diffusion method, against five types of human pathogenic bacteria [Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus spp]. Results showed that S. platensis grew and adapted well in most camel urine media, especially in T2 medium with biomass (5.1 g/L), chlorophyll a and b (2.4 and 1.2µg/ml), carbohydrates 40.0% (w/w), and total protein (24µg/ml). In contrast, the bacterial susceptibility test's results were unexpected. The maximum rate of pathogen-bacteria inactivation was attained in the last phase following 42 days. In detail, Significant activity was observed for S. platensis extracts cultivated in low-concentration camel urine medium (T4) against all bacterial species compared to S. platensis extracts naturally cultivated in standard medium. Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive species of bacteria to S. platensis extracts with an inhibition zone of 5.0 cm.

Nowadays, Thai elderly have increasingly been using smartphones to communicate with their families. However, the elderly may have problems using smartphones because most of them normally have visual impairment which result in unclear perception of the screen. The test on how user interface (UI) design of the LINE application affects the elderly when using smartphones shows that the elderly spend more time and make more mistakes than the young adults. The analysis was conducted to find the major factors associated with such problems, and the results show that three components of UI; i.e., font, color, and level of brightness are the major factors that affect how the elderly use their smartphones. In order to confirm the test results, several combinations of font, color, and level of brightness were used to create UI of the simulated LINE application and each UI was used to test with a group of 38 elderly (the age of 60-69) who were told to perform eight different actions on the phone. After further research on UI, it is found that the most appropriate font for Thai elderly is Arial Unicode MS with the size of 16 pt., and the green tone of screen with 75% of brightness level is found to be the most appropriate for the elderly. The test results reveal that the elderly could perform seven actions faster and they made fewer mistakes in six actions. All in all, the test results indicate that the integration of the most appropriate three components can increase the effectiveness of smartphone usage among Thai elderly.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires a long hospitalization during which patients have to stay in transplantation wards, mainly in their single isolation rooms. One of the main goals of rehabilitation for HSCT patients is to prevent physical activity deficit by the introduction of an appropriate exercise programme and the monitoring of exercise adherence. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the prescribed exercise programme based on basic locomotor patterns to prevent physical activity deficit. The interim results of the prospective randomized controlled study included data from 20 patients. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the 1Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. An experimental group included 11 patients aged 8–16 years old (the median age was 12 years old); a control group included 9 patients aged 5–11 years old (the median age was 8 years old). Patients from the experimental group were preliminarily taught a set of exercises aimed at practicing ontogenically determined standing up which they should further perform during a day in their isolation rooms. The control group patients received recommendations on how to maintain physical activity in their isolation rooms. Their physical activity during a day was then monitored by the researchers. All study subjects underwent an orthoclinostatic test (i.e., transition from lying to standing and back) for the evaluation of the autonomic nervous system function on Day 1 of pre-transplant conditioning therapy and at the time of discharge from the HSCT Department. During the entire stay at the HSCT Department, the patients from both groups were daily assessed using the ADL (activities of daily living) scale. At the time of discharge from the HSCT Department, the experimental group patients showed more adaptive autonomic nervous system responses than the control group patients. Our interim analysis showed that the patients from the experimental group had higher scores of activities of daily living than the control patients. Orthoclinostatic test results confirmed that patients undergoing HSCT for acute leukemia were predisposed to develop maladaptive conditions or even orthostatic hypotension. A set of exercises including those for the training of ontogenetically determined process of standing up was shown to be an effective tool for the prevention of insufficient autonomic nervous system responses. Even a short (30 min) face-to-face session with a physical therapist significantly increased a patient's daily physical activity.

One of the non-pharmacological treatments that can be done to lower blood pressure is to increase the patient's physical activity, such as Isometric Exercise and Yoga breathing exercises. Objectives: To determined isometric exercise and yoga breathing on reducing blood pressure in hypertension. Methods: This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-postest design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study was 25 people. Results: The paired t-test statistical test results were a decrease in blood pressure after being given the intervention of isometric exercise and yoga breathing exercises with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Isometric exercise and yoga breathing exercises can be an alternative non-pharmacological therapy to reduce blood pressure in hypertension.Keywords: Â Isometric Exercise, Yoga Breathing Exercise, Hypertension

The diagnosis of typhoid fever can be made by hematological examination and the Widal method. Hematologic change that often occurs in typhoid fever is thrombocytopenia. Platelet function can be observed by examining the platelet index, namely the Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW). The titer on the serological examination of the Widal test is a significant diagnostic for infections caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Objectives: To determine the relationship between the Widal titer and the number and index of platelets in patients with typhoid fever at the West Lombok Health Center. Methods: The research methodology used is an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted from February 2021 to April 2021. The population in this study was all patients who underwent laboratory examinations diagnosed as positive for typhoid fever in the Gunungsari Health Center, West Lombok Regency, with a sample of 24 respondents. Data analysis using Spearman correlation. Results: Statistical test results obtained P≥0.05, namely the titer value against platelets p=0.429, the titer against the MPV platelet index p=1,000, PDW p=0.291. Conclusion: there is no relationship between widal titer to the number of platelets and the platelet index in patients with typhoid fever.Keywords:  typhoid fever, platelets, platelet  index, widal titer

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever diagnosis is supported by examining Blue Plasma Lymphocytes and C-Reactive Protein, in which Blue Plasma Lymphocytes can distinguish Dengue and Non-Dengue infections. At the same time, the C-Reactive Proteins are used to see the presence of inflammation due to infections such as Dengue Virus infection. Objectives: To analyzed the correlation of the number of Blue Plasma Lymphocytes with C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever patients. Methods: This study was analytical observational research with a cross-sectional design. The sample used was a patient diagnosed with DHF with a positive Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) or Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) IgG/IgM result. The data was collected and analyzed using Spearman's rank statistical test. Results: The average number of Blue Plasma Lymphocytes in positive samples was 8%, with the number of negative results, namely 4 (13.33%) samples and 26 (86.67%) samples with positive Blue Plasma Lymphocyte results. The average level of C–Reactive Protein in the positive samples was 29.36 mg/L, with results that had normal levels were 11 (36.67%) samples and 19 (63.33%) samples with abnormal C-Reactive Protein levels. Spearman's Rank statistical test results obtained a value of p = 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a correlation between the number of Blue Plasma Lymphocytes and C–Reactive  Protein levels in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever patients. Conclusion: The more Blue Plasma Lymphocytes, the higher C–Reactive Protein levels in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever.Keywords: blue plasma lymphocytes, C–reactive protein, dengue hemorrhagic fever

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Patients with diabetes mellitus require optimal glycemic control. Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus is at risk for complications, such as diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by albuminuria and can lead to decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Objectives: To determined the relationship between albuminuria and GFR in a patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This research was conducted at the Pontianak Branch of Prodia Health Clinic Laboratory in March 2021, using secondary data of laboratory examination results from DM patients in the 2020 period. This research was observational analytics with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples that comply with the research criteria was 273 people. Bivariate analysis using Spearman’s correlation test. Results: Spearman's correlation test results showed significance (p=0.001) and correlation coefficient (r=0.209). Conclusion: Albuminuria and GFR in a patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus are significantly and positively correlated.Keywords:  albuminuria, poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, glomerular filtration rate

ABSTRACTIntroductionONCOllab is a social media application developed by FDI to improve the management of oral complications that may arise during cancer therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ONCOllab on learning and perception among dental students.Material and MethodA theoretical test on oral complications of cancer therapy to determine baseline level knowledge was given to fourth‐year dental students. Students were randomly divided into two groups. All students attended a lecture‐based theoretical education on oral complications of cancer therapy. After the lecture, students were randomised into Group 1 (no further education) or Group 2 (presentation about ONCOllab with subsequent utilisation). One week later, a second test was applied to assess knowledge levels. The students' overall perception and satisfaction levels in Group 2 were also evaluated.ResultsThe study included 59 participants [female, 35 (59%)]. The results of the first evaluation test found similar baseline knowledge between the groups (p > 0.05). The second test's results were significantly higher in both groups (p < 0.05). However, students in the ONCOllab group (Group 2) showed a significantly higher level of knowledge than Group 1 for the second test scores (p = 0.001). All of the participants in the ONCOllab group found the application beneficial for education and reported that they would like to use it in the post‐graduation period.ConclusionBoth theoretical and ONCOllab‐supported theoretical approaches significantly improved knowledge of oral complications of cancer therapy. However, in addition to educational superiority, ONCOllab‐supported theoretical education was found to be associated with satisfactory results in terms of student perception.

Acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) is a common clinical presentation. Common causes include peripheral, self-limiting labyrinthine disorders, but a significant proportion are caused by posterior circulation stroke (PoCS). Delineating between a peripheral versus central cause in AVS is challenging for acute care physicians, but a simple, three-step bedside test known collectively as the HINTS examination may be useful. Substantial evidence supports the use of the HINTS examination in detection of PoCS in AVS, but it is important that performer is trained and experienced to ensure reliability of the test's results. There is some evidence that video-assisted HINTS examination may help to improve HINTS performance, but further research is needed. This review is a practical guide for acute care physicians in regards to when to perform the HINTS examination, how to interpret its findings, limitations and practical considerations.

In this research a study of the effect of quality, sequential and directional layers for three types of fibers are:(Kevlar fibers-49 woven roving and E- glass fiber woven roving and random) on the fatigue property using epoxy as matrix. The test specimens were prepared by hand lay-up method the epoxy resin used as a matrix type (Quick mast 105) in prepared material composit . Sinusoidal wave which is formed of variable stress amplitudes at 15 Hz cycles was employed in the fatigue test ( 10 mm )and (15mm) value 0f deflection arrival to numbers of cycle failure limit, by rotary bending method by ( S-N) curves this curves has been determined ( life , limit and fatigue strength) of composite . The results show us the reinforcement has important act to increased resistance to the fatigue compared with specimens have non reinforcement this side the specimens reinforcement of glass fiber have resistance to fatigue and fatigue life better than the specimens reinforcement of Kevlar fiber . According to hybrid composite sample fatigue test results showed that the sample which reinforced (Kevlar - regular glass – Kevlar) has a best results which showed stress carrying the most powerful and longer fatigue life with more than (1.3 ×10 6) cycle from other hybrids , while the sample with the sample with three Kevlar reinforced layers have less resistant to fatigue

Hypertension is still ranked number one among the top ten diseases in Yogyakarta. Based on the Banguntapan III Health Center profile, in 2022, it was found that 568 people suffered from hypertension; this is due to the discovery of cases from research carried out by group 26 Field Learning Practices (PBL), namely the highest case of non-communicable diseases obtained was hypertension, 27 people (36%). This community service activity aims to follow up on problems related to hypertension in the Dukuh Karangjambe area. There are several stages in the method used in this community service activity. The first stage of this community service activity is the community diagnostic method used to explore problems and identify problems in the area. The service implementation time is from May 23, 2024, to July 14, 2024, with a team of 6 people: one lecturer and five students. The results of determining the priority of problems based on the community diagnosis of hypertension are problems that need to be resolved in the area. Intervention activities are carried out with several activities, namely health screening, health education, and gymnastics. The results of this counselling showed an increase in knowledge in the excellent category from before the counselling 50 and after the counselling 74.5. The Wilcoxon test's statistical results (p-value = 0.000) showed a significant difference in the average knowledge score about hypertension before and after the counselling.

To address the failure of strain-displacement de-coupling in the existing inverse finite element method (iFEM) framework for dynamically evolving curved structures, this study proposes a geometrically nonlinear deformation reconstruction method for curved beams based on the geometrically exact beam theory. The proposed method innovatively integrates the Frenet–Serret kinematic framework to establish a strain-decoupled model in the manifold coordinate system, which can accurately describe the characterization of the geometrically nonlinear deformation of curved beams. A coupled framework between the Frenet frame and iFEM is proposed and a transformation relationship between the deformation field of curved beams and the curvature tensor is established. Additionally, a curvature-threshold-controlled incre-mental iterative algorithm is presented and the curvature-adap-tive displacement functions are constructed based on the NURBS basis functions to effectively improve displacement reconstruction accuracy under large deflection conditions. Experimental test re-sults demonstrate that the proposed method maintains the recon-struction accuracy within 5% suffered from small to large defor-mation based on cantilevered and simply supported curved beams under multiple loading conditions. Therefore, the curvature-driven iFEM framework can be used as a significant approach to enhance the deformation sensing capability of complex curved structures and provide a robust theoretical tool for real-time shape monitoring of flexible curved structures.