Territory Of Kazakhstan Research Articles

Finno-Ugric peoples of the Republic of Kazakhstan: dynamics of the population, distribution, migration processes

Introduction. The article attempts to analyze the dynamics of the number and features of the distribution of the Finno-Ugric peoples on the territory of Kazakhstan at the end of XX – beginning of XXI century. Materials and Methods. The research is based on statistical data from the population censuses of Kazakhstan and the USSR in 1970–2009 and literature on this scientific topic. The study is based on comparative-historical, statistical and systematic approaches, which allowed us to reveal the dynamics of the ethnogeographic development of the Finno-Ugric peoples. Results and Discussion. Thirteen Finno-Ugric peoples currently live on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis of the data of the last five population censuses, it assumes about the relationship between the number of ethnic groups and the number of peoples similar in language and culture, with the political situation in the country, social and cultural conditions. It considers the topic of settlement of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the regions of Kazakhstan. Conclusion. The Finno-Ugric peoples living on the territory of Kazakhstan since the end of the XIX century, retain their connection with their historical homeland, cultural and ethnic identity. After the collapse of the of the Soviet Union, the majority of the Finno-Ugric peoples began to decline rapidly, due to the active outflow of the population to their ethnic homeland and to other CIS countries.

АЛАШ ҚАЙРАТКЕРЛЕРІНІҢ ЖЕР МӘСЕЛЕСІН РЕТТЕУДЕГІ ҚЫЗМЕТІ (СЕМЕЙ ӨҢІРІ МЫСАЛЫНДА)

This article is about the process of organizing local authorities on the territory of Kazakhstan, which called “zemstvo”. The processes of local self-government bodies formation during the period of two revolutions at the beginning of the twentieth century are analyzed. The materials included the article helps to understand the nature of the development of zemstvo relations in East Kazakhstan during the period under study.The author comes to the conclusion that the Soviet power concentrate land resources in the hands of the state in the 1917s. years, through directed land management.The processes of formation of local government and self-government bodies during the period of formation of the Soviet power are analyzed. The influence of the Kazakh liberal intelligentsia in the organization of local government was studied.

Development of a systematic approach and mathematical support for the evacuation process

In modern conditions, due to the vastness of the territory of Kazakhstan, with a certain probability, natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, avalanches, as well as accidents, destruction of buildings, epidemics, release of chemical toxic substances at industrial enterprises, fires in educational and medical institutions are possible, which justifies the relevance of modern methods and technologies for solving the problem of evacuation. The peculiarity of this work lies in the formation of an integrated approach for organizing the evacuation process both in peacetime as training for the event of an emergency situation (emergency), and in the event of the emergency itself. A conceptual diagram of an evacuation system is proposed that uses heterogeneous sources for receiving and transmitting information about the onset of an emergency. The input and output sources for receiving and transmitting information about the number of people in the building are determined. The main purpose of the system is to form an operational real-time evacuation plan. This work is the result of a phased implementation of an integrated evacuation system, which consists in building a mathematical model and a method for solving the problem of maximum flow in the network. A mathematical model has been developed for the optimal flow distribution along the Grindshiels network with the analysis of the flow formation and the characteristics of people’s motion in enclosed spaces. A game-theoretic approach and mathematical methods of the theory of hydraulic networks for finding an equilibrium state in flow-distribution networks have been developed. An algorithm for solving the evacuation problem using the graph approach is proposed. The results of this paper make it possible to systematically organize training evacuations, prepare resources, train the personnel responsible for evacuation in order to quickly respond in an emergency and carry out the evacuation process in order to avoid major consequences.

Forecasting oil and gas saturation of the section based on the results of seismic survey interpretation using innovative methods on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Seismoacoustic entropy analysis (SAE-analysis) and the method of frequency compositions (MFC) are methods of seismic exploration aimed at solving problems of direct search for hydrocarbons based on the results of seismic exploration in promising areas. Both methods use the seismoacoustic response of a hydrocarbon deposit when interacting with the incident wave front as a search criterion. The location of the deposit is determined through dynamic processing and statistical analysis of the spectral characteristics of the wave field. The article presents the results of the forecast of oil saturation by the methods of MFC and SAE-analysis on the territory of Kazakhstan.

SATELLITE DATA PROCESSING ALGORITHM IN THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF THE TIME SERIES OF VEGETATION INDEXES

The diverse spectral indexes computed from the satellite images are used extensively in the world practice of remote sensing of the Earth from space. This approach proved its validity for the satellite monitoring of the underlying terrain, detection of ongoing changes and trends of their dynamic patters. Accumulated prodigious amount of satellite data, the state-of-the-art methods of thematic interpretation gave rise to creation of services providing free access to both images and to image processing results. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the furtherance of the local and regional scale it turns out that usage of the end products of thematic processing of space information supplied by the known available services was not efficient on all occasions. Consequently, we may need to generate our own archives of the long-term series of satellite indexes. The volume of files containing the digital index matrices computed based on the MODIS satellite low resolution data subject to the complete coverage of the territory of Kazakhstan surpasses 4 Gb. This often results in the delayed computations, and on frequent occasions in infeasibility of computation of a full matrix when the medium specs computers are employed. This article is focused on the satellite data processing algorithm in the process of formation of the time series of vegetation indexes. As a consequence, the multi-year archive of vegetation indexes (over a period of 2001-2020), which provided a basis for trend analysis of the underlying terrain, determination of their future trends and forecasting of their changes was created within the territory of the Republic.

THE SITUATION OF PRISONERS OF WAR IN KAZAKHSTAN AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR

As a result of the Second World War, representatives of various European and Asian nations, former soldiers of the German and Japanese armies were sent to the USSR labor camps as prisoners of war. Prisoners of war were accepted as unpaid labor in industrial and construction units, as well as in the defense enterprises of the USSR. During the operation of the camp system, there were problems with the provision of food to prisoners of war, the lack of adequate housing, which led to the deaths of prisoners of war. The main issue raised was the situation of prisoners of war working in camps on the territory of Kazakhstan.

THE SETTLEMENT OF RUSSIAN PEASANTS IN KAZAKHSTAN BY THE TSARIST GOVERNMENT IN THE LATE XIX-EARLY XX CENTURY

The loss of full political power of the Kazakh Khanate in the second half of the XIX century led to the implementation of measures of the policy of settlement of the Russian Kingdom in Kazakhstan. In the first towns that appeared in Kazakhstan as fortifications of the Tsarist government, the army of the Ural and Siberian Cossack Russians was stabilized. This Army served as a point of defense of the border region of the Empire, as well as the only support for establishing Russian influence in Central Asia and Siberia. Due to the aggravation of the agrarian problem in the inner regions of Russia, drought and famine increased the emphasis on the resettlement of peasants to the region. In order to identify «surplus» land on the territory of Kazakhstan, «Resettlement departments» and special statistical parties (departments) will be created, and a program of study of land use and economy of the nomadic population of «Asian Russia» will be developed. The study cards collected data such as the number, age and gender of the local population, and knowledge of the Russian language with a distinctive feature. As a result of the settlement policy, along with the settlement of Russian peasants on Kazakh lands, the construction of forest dachas and farms, etc., which were owned by the state treasury, was taken over. These measures led to the resettlement of Kazakhs to desert and semi-desert lands and damaged the traditional system of animal husbandry.

QUESTIONS OF HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE GULAG SYSTEM

This article examines the historiography of the formation and functioning of the GULAG prison-camp system. It is known that more than 20 camps were created on the territory of Kazakhstan, which covered almost all regions of the republic with their network. Of great interest are the studies of Russian and foreign scientists, who, based on a large archival material, were able to conduct a thorough analysis of the process of creating and developing the GULAG. Kazakh researchers also contributed to the coverage of this issue, revealing the features of the structure and activities of the camp system in the territorial borders of Kazakhstan. It should be noted that correctional labor camps to a large extent played the role of economic entities, rather than institutions for the re-education of criminal elements. In addition to criminality, in the 1920s and 1950s, there were people in the camps who were convicted on false and far-fetched charges. This article is not a complete overview of the problem under study and requires further study. The article was prepared in the framework of the scientific project No. AR08856940 «Prorvinsky and Astrakhan camps in the GULAG system: history, memory, heritage (1932-1950))».

КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ОЦЕНКА АГРОКЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ КАЗАХСТАНА НА ОСНОВЕ ЦЕЛЕВОЙ ФУНКЦИИ

The scientific works on agroclimatic zoning and assessments of the bioclimatic potential of the territory are widely represented in agroclimatology. Almost all of them are based on semi-empirical equations and formulas of various indices for calculating agroclimatic parameters. The work’s purpose is an attempt to construct a comprehensive assessment of agroclimatic resources based on a theoretical mathematical model of the objective function and a scheme for its differentiation across the territory of Kazakhstan. The most frequently considered spring wheat in works on agroclimatology was chosen as the object of the study. The initial factual material is maps from the National Atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan. To convert the cartographic information into quantitative, the method of constructing grid models of the selected maps was used with the subsequent determination of the quantitative initial values of the parameters in the centers of the blocks. The paper describes in detail the methodology for constructing rating scales for converting the values of parameters with different units of measurement into comparable scores, which were used to calculate the values of the partial and integral objective functions. The visualization of the results of calculating the integral objective function for the territory of Kazakhstan confirmed the correctness of the distribution over the territory of the previously identified zones of favorableness’s different levels for the spring wheat cultivation, and therefore the possibility of using the objective function model for a comprehensive assessment of the territory agroclimatic potential.

The role of sacred places in Kazakhstan in strengthening the national code

Today, due to the relevance of the state program of spiritual revival in the country, the sacred places of Kazakhstan are studied comprehensively.This article examines the role of sacred places in Kazakhstan in strengthening the national code.It will also show the role and place of the sacred places of Kazakhstan in strengthening and preserving national identity.Due to the fact that today the state program of spiritual modernization is relevant in the country, this article is one of the main steps in the study of sacred places in Kazakhstan. The research work «the role of Kazakhstan's sacred places in strengthening the national code» is aimed at a comprehensive study of sacred places and places in the Kazakh steppes to show the world and people that we have not only a great land, but also a rich historical and spiritual heritage.In the article, special attention is paid to the fact that Holy places are not only a sign of religion, but also a means of forming the national identity of the state, popularizing and displaying our culture and traditions.The territory of Kazakhstan is rich in shrines and sacred places. This can be considered as one of the forms of forming the national identity of the people and as a means of forming the popularity of the territory.In this context, work on the modernization of consciousness should be based on cultural memory, symbolic, sacred and cultural-historical things. Sacred places or spiritual shrines are the backbone of the spiritual tradition of the people.  Кеу words: sacred place, national code, national identity, spiritual revival, cultural memory

THE LATE MEDIEVAL CITY OF THE CHU VALLEY (XIII-XVI CC.)

This article examines the role of the Aspara settlement. The article provides archaeological data on the topographic features, found elements of material culture, the possibility of reconstruction of cultural, social life, based on historical, archaeological, ethnographic data about the medieval city. Archaeologi­ cal research in recent years has largely clarified the state of sedentary culture in the Shu­Talas valley. The circle of monuments of the late Middle Ages expanded, collections of material culture were replenished. In the cities of the late Middle Ages, the cultural layers are not very pronounced; they are of certain inter­ est as an indicator of the general state of the sedentary culture of that period. In addition, the archaeo­ logical materials of the 13th­16th centuries, despite their paucity, deserve attention, since the presence of a local agricultural population in medieval sources and folk was noted in the absence of cities. Aspara is a city surrounded by long walls with dimensions strikingly different from other settlements that existed at that time. Long walls were a kind of indicator of economic and political influence. According to this and other criteria described in this article, Aspara is a unique archaeological site of medieval urban culture on the territory of Kazakhstan. Key words: late Medieval age, culture, archaeology, the Shu Valley, Aspara, Andas Batyr.  

A REVIEW OF WRITTEN SOURCES ABOUT OGUZ CITIES IN KAZAKHSTAN’S SECTION OF THE GREAT SILK ROAD

One of the routes of the Great Silk Road crossed the southern lands of present­day Republic of Kazakhstan. In the southern territories of Kazakhstan, that is, in the middle and lower parts of Syr Darya River, there are cities of the Oghuz period. There are over 50 settlements and towns of Oghuzs along the Syr Darya River. The towns in the lower part of Syr Darya are closely linked to the Great Silk Road, which runs along the caravan routes. During this period, the Oghuz lived in the east, neighboring China. They are mentioned in the inscriptions of the Orkhon. The article presents general information is given about medieval towns such as Sauran (Sabran, Kara Töbe), Signak, Barshin­kent (Barçınlığı Kent), Asanas (Aşanas), Zhend (Cend), Zhankent (New Town), which are known as Oghuz towns. The fact that the names of the cities changed not once, but several times, and the opinions of scientists were indicated. The names of historic cities are now widely known among researchers and the population. The article was written in connection with these titles. Moreover, in this study, extensive research was conducted examining the works of notably Russian historians and writers, as well as famous medieval historians. Key words: Great Silk Road, Kazakhstan, Syr Darya River, medieval cities/towns, oghuzes.

ГАЗОХРОМАТОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ЭТИЛОВОГО СПИРТА, ПОЛУЧЕННОГО ИЗ РАСТЕНИЙ РОДА ASTERACEAE

In recent years, serious attention has been paid around the world to the chemical and biotechnological processing of biomass of easily renewable plant raw materials. One of the most mass-produced aliphatic alcohols is ethyl alcohol. The aim of this work was gas chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition of ethyl alcohol obtained from plants of the genus Asteraceae (dahlia and jerusalem artichoke tubers, chicory and big burdock roots) growing on the territory of Kazakhstan. The article discusses the methods of obtaining and application of ethyl alcohol. The results of the analysis of the chemical composition of ethyl alcohol obtained from plants of the genus Asteraceae are presented. As a result of the study, alcohols were obtained in different concentrations. The chemical composition of ethyl alcohol was determined by gas chromatography. The impurity composition of ethyl alcohol obtained from various types of raw materials is also shown. The composition of impurities in various samples of ethanol and alcohol-containing products is considered in detail. The results of the study were discussed, and the peculiarities of using the gas chromatography method were shown.

Overview of the documentary film "The first audio recording of Kazakh music. Road of people"

Kazakh traditional music has been the research object for many scientists from Russia, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Japan, the United States, and other countries. In the 20th century, due to the establishment of Soviet power, the territory of Kazakhstan was closed for research by foreigners. Simultaneously, such a combination of events contributed to preserving materials collected before the Great October Socialist Revolution. Therefore, today it is vital for the World and Kazakh ethnomusicology to consider unknown materials and scientific sources. Various foreign archives contain materials unknown to Kazakh ethnomusicologists about Kazakh traditional music collected on researchers’ and traveler’s expeditions since the end of the XVIII century. Recordings of the German ethnographer-anthropologist R. Karutz were found in 2016 by the film crew of the Interstate TV and Radio Company “Mir”, and analyzed and published by the doctor of Art studies S. I. Utegalieva in the book” Turkestan collection of songs and instrumental pieces collected by R. Karutz (1905)”. These recordings prove that there are sources about Kazakh traditional music that can change the opinion about the historical significance of the Kazakh culture in the Central Asian region. The famous turcologist Efim Rezvan presented the records in the Pushkin Museum in St. Petersburg. It turned out that the original cylinders with authentic recordings are currently stored in the archive of the Berlin Museum of Visual Anthropology and Ethnology. This article reviews the documentary film "Road of People: The First Audio Recording of Kazakh Music", and sheds light on the possible prospects of studying the problem of research the Kazakh traditional music. Today, the Berlin Phonogram Archive contains samples of music from all over the world, the first recording dates back to 1900. The collection of wax cylinders by Richard Karutz is kept in the Department of Ethnomusycology, Visual Anthropology at the Berlin Phonogram Archive of the Ethnological Museum in Berlin. The collection is well preserved, and according to its curator Dr. Ricarda Kopal, there are 16 wax cylinders from Turkestan, an area of ​​now southern Kazakhstan, which R. Karuts crossed during his expedition. The film crew brought digital copies of the recordings to Almaty for further study. Kazakh and international scientists and performers, professors and doctors of sciences: S. Utegalieva, T. Togzhanov, A. Berdibay (Kazakhstan), I. Saurova (Karakalpak Autonomous Republic), R. Abdullaev (Uzbekistan) and others were involved to decipher, analyze, describe and evaluate the musical and artistic content of the recordings. The whole process was documented in the film, which was worked on by a whole team of professional journalists, the script was written by Timur Sandybaev and Askar Alimzhanov, directed by Kanat Yessenamanov.

The analysis of Kazakhstan telecommunications market and factors determining its effectiveness

In the process of digitalization, one of the main infrastructure elements of the digital economy in the implementation of the state program “Digital Kazakhstan” is telecommunications infrastructure. Therefore, the article is devoted to the study of the development of telecommunications and factors affecting their development. The article reveals the role and modern significance of telecommunications services in the economy. Examples of analyzing the growth dynamics of various segments of the telecommunications market and a number of the largest territories of Kazakhstan by region based on statistical data are given. In addition, it highlighted some shortcomings in the telecommunications market, as well as measures necessary for its further development. The article also presents performance indicators of this industry. The presented efficiency factors are based on three main categories: first, the business climate of the telecommunications sector of the economy, second, the factors underlying human capital, and third, a number of factors based on state regulation of the country's development in the field of telecommunications. Factors that determine the effectiveness of the telecommunications services market depending on various criteria are systemitized. Modern trends in the industry are identified,and a number of possible development options are formulated. The analysis of factors in the development of telecommunications services revealed the main elements that attach the greatest importance to the development and formation of telecommunications services. The topic under consideration is one of the most relevant today, especially in the context of the 2020 pandemic.

Bladelet industries of the Early Upper Palaeolithic in southern Kazakhstan: A detailed analysis of carinated bladelet cores excavated from the newly discovered Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 site in the Karatau mountains

Kazakhstan, which connects the Altai mountains and Caucasus area of Uzbekistan, is an indispensable region in arguments about the diffusion and settlement of Homo sapiens in Asia. Upper Palaeolithic culture in eastern Kazakhstan and the northern Altai developed together. Nevertheless, reliable chronologic data from archaeological sites in these regions, necessary for understanding diffusion of Homo sapiens, are rare. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the Early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP) culture in southern Kazakhstan through detailed analysis of materials from the Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 site (N43°06′36.24″, E70°34′03.70″). This is a site that was newly-discovered during survey in the Karatau mountains, at which two clear cultural layers were identified during excavations in 2018 and 2019. Although these two cultural layers consist of alluvial deposits formed by fluvial erosion of a hilly slope, their stratigraphic distribution was orderly and they likely remain in their original depositional positions. Material from the lower cultural layer, including carinated bladelet cores, medium-sized blade cores, and end/side scrapers on medium-sized blades, provides the data for this analysis. Statistical analysis of the bladelet cores indicates that the size and shape of bladelets from the cores of the Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 site were very similar to those from the Shugnou site in Tajikistan. Similarly, six types of bladelet cores are common at both the Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 site and at sites in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, especially the Shugnou site in Tajikistan. Therefore, the lower cultural layer appears to be an assemblage contemporaneous with the Early Upper Palaeolithic period in western Central Asia and related to the Kulbulakian tradition in which bladelet production predominated. The lower cultural layer at the Buiryokbastau-Bulak-1 site is a valuable example of Kulbulakian tradition industry in Kazakhstan territory, making it critical in assessing the structure of lithic industries during the EUP period in western Central Asia and in understanding how modern humans adapted to the central portions of Eurasia.

ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПОЛЬСКОЙ ДИАСПОРЫ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ

The article is devoted to one of the key topics of modern historiography - the history of the Polish diaspora formation in Kazakhstan. The process of formation of the multinational population of Kazakhstan was mainly associated with the socio-political events of the 19th-20th centuries, primarily with the resettlement and deportation of peoples. The territory of Kazakhstan, due to its sparsely population, was, according to many researchers, a “favorite” place of exile for “unwanted” peoples, among whom were representatives of ethnic Poles. Polish settlements on the territory of Kazakhstan began to appear in the middle of the 19th century. These were political exiles, participants in the national liberation movements in Poland in the middle of the 19th century, exiled to Kazakhstan (Siberia). Basically, they were all educated and wealthy people. In the context of a shortage of specialists in different directions in the republic, they made a great contribution to the development of science and education in pre-revolutionary Kazakhstan and continue to participate in the public life of modern Kazakhstan. The purpose of the article is to show the stages of formation and the factors that influenced the formation of the Polish diaspora in Kazakhstan.

Adaptive model of the impact of climate change on natural and economic systems of Kazakhstan

In the work, according to the scenarios of climatologists, it is shown that the absence of changes in the amount of precipitation and an increase in the average annual surface air temperature on land will contribute to aridization and desertification of the territory of Kazakhstan under conditions of global warming. In this regard, climatic desertification will contribute to the displacement of the zone of insufficient moisture and an increase in the zone of desert and semi-desert regions. A forecast of a decrease in the yield of grain crops in these conditions is presented, which is a threat to the environmental and food security of Kazakhstan. The aim of the research is to analyze the impact of climate change on agricultural production and the state of water resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to develop an adaptive model of the impact of climate change on natural and economic systems. The analysis of the state of water resources as the most vulnerable component for the country under changing climatic conditions is presented. It is shown that under these conditions, adaptation measures are carried out in the Republic aimed at reducing climatic risks and at deriving potential benefits from climate change. We have proposed an adaptive model of the impact of climate change on natural and economic systems, which is based on the methods of mathematical statistics and probabilistic analysis. The levels of adaptation are interpreted in accordance with the index: with an increase in the indicator, the degree of influence on natural and economic systems also increases. The model has a high potential for use in predicting climate change within geographically limited natural and economic systems. The proposed recommendations for adaptation to climate change can find application in the development of state programs for the management of natural and climatic risks.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ИНЖЕНЕРНО-ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ЛЁССОВЫХ ГРУНТОВ ГОРОДА КЫЗЫЛОРДЫ

The article analyzes the problem of studying loess rocks. The objects of study in this work were foundations composed of soft soils. In engineering-geological assessment of loess deposits, the conditions of occurrence of loess rocks are of great importance. The research was carried out on the territory of Kyzylorda, where the total thickness of the subsidence layer and overlying technogenic deposits reaches 5-7m. The processes studied in the work - long-term sedimentation of subsidence soil, as well as fluctuations in the level of groundwater that affect it, are characteristic of many cities. So on 20% of the territory of Kazakhstan there are peat deposits, and changes in the level of groundwater are one of the main factors that have a negative impact on foundations, underground structures and foundations in cities. The obtained calculation methods, monitoring data, constructive solutions of underground utilities in loess territories can be used in similar engineering and geological conditions, which will increase the reliability of these structures, reduce the cost of their construction and operation.

ОЦЕНКА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УЩЕРБА ОТ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ СТОЧНЫМИ И КОЛЛЕКТОРНО-ДРЕНАЖНЫМИ ВОДАМИ В НИЗОВЬЯХ РЕКИ СЫРДАРЬЯ

The significant impact of irrigation on the natural and ecological situation in the zone of irrigated agriculture in Kazakhstan was determined by the concept of irrigation development in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. The problem of reducing the existing environmental conditions on the irrigated lands of Kazakhstan, especially in the Southern and South-Eastern regions, and the normalization of the ecological and meliorative situation are directly related to various water management regions of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. The Syrdarya river, which flows among these countries, comes to us with a water salinity of 1,75 g/l. They are also contaminated with pesticides, organochlorine pesticides – DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane), used on irrigated land. Water salinity is also increasing in the territories of Kazakhstan. In general, on irrigated lands, as a result of salt intake from irrigation waters, there was an increase in salt reserves in soils and ground waters. Their intensity largely depends on the salinity of irrigation water and the volume of water intake. As a result of regulating the flow of the river. An irreversible soil-ecological process is taking place in the Syrdarya with great intensity, where the development of irrigated land and the volume of CDW (collector-drainage water) and wastewater discharged into the rivers in the upper reaches of the rivers has been widely developed.