This article proposes the concept of the “digital fix” to articulate urban transformation toward smart cities as a new form of fix beyond the spatial fix. We develop a framework to reveal the motivations, mechanisms, and outcomes of the digital fix, and then use a case study of Hangzhou to illustrate how it is performed under state entrepreneurialism. The findings are as follows. First, the digital fix is driven by a combination of capitalist and territorial logics: over-accumulation crises in the primary and secondary circuits, and top-down political mandates for innovation-oriented development. Second, the digital fix operates through three mechanisms: the smartification of the built environment, the digitalization of economic activities, and the platformization of social reproduction. Third, the digital fix expands the sphere of capital accumulation and urban development toward the production of smartness, moving beyond erstwhile manufacturing industrialization and land urbanization. State entrepreneurialism differentiates China’s urban digital transformation from neoliberal practices, because the interventionist form of statecraft is expanded by digital instruments. We discuss the crisis tendency of digital fixes as a call for future research.

Traditional markets in Latin American are the dialogue point between countryside and city, functioning as urban supply and also activating multi-scale flows that reflect the unequal uses of the territory. The aim of this article is to analyze the spatial production circuits of the main products at display in Santa Elena (Cali-Colombia) and Jamaica (Mexico City) markets: industrial chicken and roses, respectively. Methodologically, we offer: (i) a literature review on the “spatial production circuits” and the “cooperation circles”; (ii) an analysis of the productive branches of industrial chicken and roses (ranging from their territorial logic, scales, and production stages, distribution, marketing and consumption). This phenomenon is understood by confronting the theory with field observation, semi-structured interviews, new cartography, and summary tables of the mentioned spatial circuits. The industrial chicken and rose production circuits activated by the markets of Colombia and Mexico define circuits of cooperation among companies and territories that range from the local to the global scale.

ABSTRACT This article examines how oil, territory and rebellion intersected during the Arab uprisings. It introduces the concept of rebel oil governance to capture how rebels claim oil resources physically and symbolically. Three forms – illicit, remote and consolidated – have distinct territorial logics and reflect broader rebel strategies. Some groups pursue new states and borders, but others challenge central authority while preserving territorial integrity. Using an explanatory typology and case studies of Syria, Iraq, Libya, Yemen and Morocco, the article shows that separatists use oil governance to redraw territorial boundaries, whereas unitarists use it to retain borders while contesting power.

In the post-pandemic era, China’s urban governance has exhibited a trend of transformation from an entrepreneurial orientation to a territorial logic of managerial statecraft. However, under the strict spatial control of the central state, it remains unclear whether local governments have abandoned their long-standing entrepreneurial means and are instead implementing management-oriented governance, oriented to cultural preservation, social stability and spatial order. This study examines two micro-regeneration projects, namely, Moshikou in Beijing and Pantang Wuyue in Guangzhou. It investigates how local governments balance the central–local tension in practice. We argue that the local governance model is characterised by the notion of strategic compliance, which is reflected in three key dimensions: protection–operation coupling, phased incrementalism and role and funding reallocation. This study refined the understanding of urban governance transformation from state entrepreneurialism to managerial statecraft in post-pandemic China. The finding of strategic compliance brings macro-level debates down to meso-level mechanisms.

This paper maps three critical shifts in the production and consumption of Kashmir-style shawls between 1770 and 1870. In this period, Kashmir’s shawl industry was subject to control by military fiscal states with substantial capacities to enforce demands on artisans and merchants. The mobility of weavers and merchants, who found more hospitable circumstances in colonial Punjab in the mid nineteenth century, challenged the territorial logic of state control. This restructured the Kashmir industry and displaced competitive advantage to the fledgling Punjab industry. Changes in the geographies and idioms of shawl consumption also drove these transformations. The decline of royal patronage, in proportion to the advance of British power in Asia, and a surge in European consumer demand, drew Kashmir, Kashmiris and Kashmir shawls into new commercial and symbolic circuits. These developments facilitated state formation, in Kashmir and beyond, and generated the defining symbolic representations of modern Kashmir.

Abstract This article focuses on the Network State movement as embodying the venture capital (VC) logic of exit. Exit constitutes both a strategy for lucrative returns and an ideology seeking out new territories for financial and technological speculation. This movement has emerged around Balaji Srinivasan and the technologies of Web3 that encode the imperatives of exit. In the construction of liberated zones for the Network State, VC operates through a territorial logic, under the leadership of the founder‐philosopher and with the affordances of the American state. These logics evince the discursive power at the heart of the political economy of VC. The desires of the VC class shape “future social necessity” (Howard 2024; Finance and Society 10) and are “imprinted” (Cooiman 2024; Environment and Planning A 56) upon the social and technological networks of the Network State. The valorisation through exit seeks to produce “hyperstitious” (Lynch and Muñoz‐Viso 2023; Progress in Human Geography 48) value creation in which VC is the fount of civilisation.

This article offers a critical reading of the fishing neighbourhood of Paramos, located on the northern coast of Portugal, through a methodological approach that combines documentary photography and cognitive cartography. The study investigates the relationships between identity, landscape, and power within a territory marked by spatial fragmentation, symbolic exclusion, and functional indeterminacy. By means of a structured visual essay supported by field observation and interpretive maps, Paramos is examined as a liminal urban enclave whose ambiguities reveal tensions between memory, informal appropriation, and control devices. Drawing on authors such as Lefebvre, Augé, Hayden, Domingues, Foucault, and Latour, the article argues that the photographic image, used as a critical tool, can unveil hidden territorial logics and contribute to a more inclusive and situated spatial discourse.

This paper focuses on the debate between the sanctuarization of territories and the projection of power in cyberspace. It emphasizes the persistence of territorial logic in an environment where all notions of borders have been abolished in principle. It thus addresses this territorial revenge that will unfold on different levels, sometimes legitimately as sovereign claims, and sometimes encroaching on sovereignty and violating international law principles. The immediate impact of this confrontation is a veritable territorialization of cyberspace, which often results from states putting forward the argument that security is an imperative above all others. Compartmentalization is also motivated by the desire to protect national territories from surveillance by other states’ intelligence services and the risks posed by data capture. States such as the US tend to deploy their cyberpower without regard for state borders. The use of extraterritoriality and the projection of force in cyberspace are the main manifestations of this approach.

Abstract This article is based on research on territorial logic and the definition of nature according to the pig production industry. It was drafted following qualitative fieldwork conducted in the Southeast Spanish region of Murcia between 2022 and 2024. We use the extraction–exploitation nexus as the analytical framework to present the research results, understood as a way of organizing social space and time for capitalist valorization. The pig production chain organizes, articulates, and coordinates social space and time according to the intensity of the production rate. The extractive logic of the pig farming production chain is also discussed. We pose that the meat farm production chain defines a frontier of appropriation of cheap nature for the accumulation of capital, transforming rural spaces both into territories where essential resources (such as water) are appropriated for the operation of large-scale pig farms, and into drainage areas for unpleasant waste (bad odors) and contaminants (slurry). Lastly, we suggest that the extractive appropriation of cheap nature requires abstraction according to the logic of value, which contradicts the specific ways of life in the territory and its alternative forms of social valorization.

ABSTRACT This study analyses tourism development in the Great Altai Region (GAR), both within and outside Chinese borders, to explore how the Chinese party-state uses tourism development as a strategy to simultaneously territorialise an ethnic minority border region and reterritorialise the entire GAR. This spatial reconfiguration aims to align the regional geopolitics and geo-economics with the Belt and Road Initiative. Document collection and participant observation methods were used to gather data. The findings show that the party-state enhances its control over the border and ethnic minorities in the Kanas Tourist Attraction area by developing eco-tourism, intersecting territoriality, tourism, and ecologism. Concurrently, cross-border tourism has been promoted in the GAR to reterritorialise the region, both materially and discursively, in favour of China’s spatial vision. Although territorialisation of the Chinese borderland helps the party-state manage the reterritorialisation processes in the GAR, it also creates a securitisation-integration dilemma, arising from conflicts between the Chinese national territorial logic and GAR territorial logic.

ABSTRACT This paper explores an alternative territorial sensibility – ‘diasporic territoriality’ – that is rooted in the search for belonging outside of a putative ‘homeland’ amongst dis/placed communities. Drawing on ethnographic research with 26 members of Singapore’s Sikh diaspora, we examine the everyday spaces of diasporic belonging that simultaneously reproduce and resist colonial imaginings of Punjabi territory. Many first-generation diasporas continue to define themselves through regional affiliations inherited from colonial legacies, with Singapore’s gurdwaras serving as a spatial ‘fix’ for mapping territorial logics from the Punjab. However, these colonial imaginaries are increasingly contested and ‘unmapped’ by younger generations who seek to socialise in alternative spaces of belonging based on shared pieties and upbringing. By reimagining belonging beyond essentialist framings of home-diaspora connections, the idea of ‘diasporic territoriality’ contributes to decolonising prevailing understandings of territory and belonging. Doing so provides a provocative counterpoint to re-evaluate state-sponsored narratives of integration within the context of multiculturalism.

This article analyzes two fundamental dilemmas of contemporary bicameralism from a comparative legal perspective. The first dilemma concerns the crisis of legitimacy – traditional justifications based on elite or territorial representation lose their validity under the dominance of party logic, forcing second chambers to seek new forms of justification for their existence. The second dilemma is functional – the classic role of the “cooling saucer” is transforming toward the function of constitutional guardian, exemplified by the Polish Senate’s activities in 2019–2023. The analysis shows that all models of bicameralism – federal-territorial, aristocratic-meritocratic, and democratic-duplicative – face similar structural challenges. In response, we observe exploration of new forms of legitimacy: epistemic based on deliberation quality, alternative representation beyond territorial logic, and proposals for sortition mechanisms. The future of bicameralism depends on the capacity for continuous institutional adaptation while maintaining the fundamental function of protecting constitutional order.

Abstract This article critically examines Carl Schmitt’s spatial thought, focusing on his land–sea dichotomy and the marginalisation of maritime spaces in his political framework. While Schmitt’s tripartite model of appropriation (<italic>Nehmen</italic>), division (<italic>Teilen</italic>), and exploitation (<italic>Weiden</italic>) privileges land as the locus of sovereignty, it fails to acknowledge the constitutive role of the sea—particularly the Atlantic Ocean—in shaping the global spatial order. Drawing on Lauren Benton’s concept of fluid sovereignty, the article challenges Schmitt’s rigid territorial logic and highlights how his marginal treatment of the sea undermines the coherence of his global vision. It further argues that Schmitt’s privileging of land reflects a Eurocentric bias, incompatible with the realities of maritime empires, oceanic trade, and interconnected sovereignties. This intervention adds a new dimension to Schmitt scholarship by foregrounding the strategic and conceptual significance of the land–sea relationship.

The death of urban entrepreneurialism is proclaimed surprisingly by opposite conceptualisations of austerity urbanism and radical municipalism. This paper argues that rather than seeing them as contrasting types, post-pandemic statecraft reflects the increasing tension and entanglement between capitalistic and territorial logic. From the ground of Chinese urban governance, we illustrate how Chinese statecraft maintains state strategic and extra-economic intention through deploying and mobilising market and society - to create its own agents and to co-opt those that are already existent or emerging. This statecraft is illustrated through community building, urban development, and regional formation.

En este artículo analizamos la manera en que diferentes grupos e instituciones en las Sierras Chicas de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, despliegan una serie de estrategias de planificación territorial para evitar el avance de aquello que denominan como desarrollismo, y que consideran como una de las principales causas de la crisis hídrica y la degradación ambiental que sufre la zona desde hace tiempo. Nos basamos en ciertos conceptos de la geografía crítica y en los aportes de la teoría antropológica de las clasificaciones, para reflexionar en torno las contradicciones entre diferentes lógicas y dinámicas territoriales que se expresan en este contexto. Adoptamos un enfoque etnográfico, ponderando la perspectiva de losactores sobre los procesos a analizar. De esta manera, en primer lugar describimos qué es lo que los actores entienden por desarrollismo, para luego analizar las diferentes estrategias que se proponen para mitigar sus impactos ambientales, principalmente aquellas que refieren a la creación de espacios de conservación, como las reservas hídricas, y la manera en que éstas entran en contradicción con otro tipo de territorios.

Abstract This article examines the changing practice and theorisation of regional international organizations (rio s) since the early nineteenth century. It argues that the identity and place of rio s in international law have been continuously shaped and reshaped by the relational practices of particular entities, understood and enacted as more or less ‘regional’ and ‘organizational’, at different times and places. The article focuses on two axes of tension in particular: the positioning of rio s between functionalist and territorial logics; and the possibility of rio s being used for hegemonic or counter-hegemonic purposes. The article traces these two lines of tension through the practice of rio s and doctrinal and theoretical reflections on that practice, over four periods of uneven lengths: the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; the interwar period; the four decades following the Second World War; and the period since the end of the Cold War.

Implementing sustainable management strategies for common-use resources influences the territorialization processes of traditional peoples and communities. This article aims to provide historical context on the use of natural resources in the Amanã Lake region, Maraã-AM. It also seeks to describe the territorial boundaries and hunting areas of one riverine community, presenting a proposal for establishing the sustainable management of subsistence hunting. The data cover a fifty-year period and were obtained through semi-structured interviews, systematic mapping of hunting locations, and participatory mapping of resource use in the region. The proposed zoning for the management of wildlife was based on previously established models in the region and on discussions with the villagers. Over the period, two territorial logics were identified, and their combination has had significant impacts on the territoriality of the studied community. The hunting area used by community members shrinked as its designated use area but at a different pace, leading to overlaps and conflicts over resource use. The proposed spatial wildlife management (of 22.216,22 ha of area) was considered appropriate by the villagers, but there is still a need to develop this wildlife management strategy based on local territorialities.

A adoção de estratégias de manejo sustentável de recursos de uso comum é uma forma de interferir nos processos de territorialização de povos e comunidades tradicionais. Este artigo visa contextualizar historicamente o uso de recursos naturais na região do lago Amanã, Maraã-AM, descrever a delimitação territorial e as áreas de caça de uma comunidade ribeirinha e apresentar uma proposta de zoneamento para o manejo sustentável da caça de subsistência. Os dados abrangem um recorte temporal de cinquenta anos e foram obtidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, mapeamento sistemático de pontos de caça e mapeamento participativo do uso de recursos na região. A proposta de zoneamento formulada buscou referências em modelos consagrados e na discussão junto à comunidade. Ao longo do período analisado foram identificadas duas lógicas territoriais cuja combinação tem impactos importantes na territorialidade da comunidade estudada. A área de caça utilizada por moradores da comunidade acompanha a tendência de retração da área de uso a ela destinada, porém em ritmo distinto, gerando sobreposições e conflitos. A proposta de zoneamento para manejo espacial de fauna (de 22.216,22 ha de área) foi considerada adequada pelos comunitários, mas segue sendo necessário desenvolver esta estratégia de manejo da fauna com base nas territorialidades locais.

In recent decades, neo-mercantilism has become ubiquitous among small and large states. The conventional explanation for the appeal of an export-led growth regime has focused on the material interests of domestic growth coalitions. This article offers an alternative explanation for transition to export-led growth strategies, based on the geopolitical and territorial interests of states. It posits that states embrace a mercantilist export-led growth model because it aligns with their geopolitical objectives. The article demonstrates the geopolitical hypothesis based on the transition of Israel from a consumption-led to an export-led growth strategy after the end of the peace process and the outbreak of the Second Intifada in 2000.

ABSTRACT Non-state armed actors’ (NSAAs) control of territory is not a completely new phenomenon in international politics. However, NSAAs resurgence in the conceptualization and demarcation of both physical and imaginary territorial space has raised the need for a further understanding of their territorial logic. Non-state armed actors continue to seize, occupy, and control territory in a manner that undermines Westphalia tenets of statehood, including sovereignty, territorial integrity, and independence. This article attempts to shed some light on the understanding of the territorial logic of NSAAs by innovatively combining three independent and interrelated components that have emerged from NSAAs territorial control. These components include NSAA territorial governance, relations with local civilian populations and ideology guided territorial tactics and strategies. We apply the results to the typical and contemporary case of Al Shabaab in Somalia to generate critical insights into NSAA conceptualization, control and demarcation of physical and imaginary space.