Ternary Photonic Crystal Research Articles

Tunable polymer-based ternary one-dimensional photonic crystal with PVDF piezoelectric layer in the THz spectrum

This research introduces an innovative method for crafting adjustable one-dimensional photonic crystals by integrating a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric layer into a ternary polymer structure. The incorporation of PVDF as a piezoelectric polymer in the photonic crystal allows for the simulation of an electric field sensitive photonic crystal. Two structures of the photonic crystal are examined, one with a defect layer and one without, while the impact of piezoelectric parameters on the transmission spectrum is scrutinized. The computational outcomes clearly demonstrate that the photonic band gap can be efficiently modified by applying an external electric field in the THz frequency. Incorporating a defect mode that is sensitive to electric field allows for the creation of a narrow bandpass region (∼ 5 GHz) within a bandgap. This narrow region has the capacity to be precisely modified through the application of an external electrical field. This distinctive design proposal provides a means to govern and modify the optical characteristics of the crystal, rendering it a promising candidate for diverse photonic applications.

Theoretical optical characterization of one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal embedded with nanocomposite of bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles

Theoretical optical characterization of one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal embedded with nanocomposite of bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles

Independent-regulated double-edge Janus angular absorber for terahertz waves based on photonic edge band gaps and graphene wide-angle absorption

In this paper, three categories of Janus angle absorption structures for terahertz (THz) waves are realized by operating the edge hopping property of the photonic band gaps (PBGs) and the wide-angle absorption of graphene heterostructure. The left and right edges of the angle window are determined by the PBGs generated by photonic crystals 1 (PC1) and photonic crystals 2 (PC2), respectively. The appropriate combination of the two can obtain a transmission angle window (TAW), and the edges can be independently manipulated, which makes it possible to construct arbitrary angle filtering structures, making up for the shortage of rigid angle windows in traditional research. Graphene material has absorption potential, and when it is introduced into ternary photonic crystals 3 (PC3), high absorption at large angles will occur. The combination of PC3 and TAW will produce an absorption angle window (AAW) by using the energy cascade transmission features of photonic crystals (PCs). Contributing to the strong absorption properties, the energy transfer on both sides of PC3 is isolated. Consequently, the Janus angle absorption phenomenon will be remarkable by mirroring the PCs structures with different TAWs on both sides of PC3. Through the unique parameter design, the three relationships between the forward AAW and the backward one are investigated, that is inclusion, partial coincidence, and incoherence.

Tunable sensitivity of a waterborne bacteria detector based on a ternary photonic crystal with high-critical-temperature superconductor and semiconductor layers

Tunable sensitivity of a waterborne bacteria detector based on a ternary photonic crystal with high-critical-temperature superconductor and semiconductor layers

Tunable terahertz piezoelectric-based one-dimensional photonic crystal

One-dimensional ternary photonic crystals with dielectric and piezoelectric layers offer intriguing properties and potential applications in the terahertz (THz) region. In the first plan, a piezoelectric layer is placed between two different dielectric layers, resulting in a structure with a controllable band gap through the application of an external electric field. In the second plan, a ternary photonic crystal is proposed, consisting of dielectric layers and a piezoelectric defect layer. This structure introduces a narrow bandpass region that can be finely adjusted using both the external electric field and the incident angle. The bandpass region is characterized by a Gaussian shape, centered around a frequency of approximately 50 THz, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of around 50 GHz. The proposed photonic crystal exhibits versatile tunability as a narrow bandpass filter in the THz range. The utilization of an external electric field facilitates the development of optical crystal applications, making it easier to manipulate and control the properties of the photonic crystal.

Large omnidirectional mid-infrared photonic bandgap in a one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal consisting of isotropic dielectric, elliptical metamaterial and plasma

Photonic bandgaps (PBGs) in traditional one-dimensional (1-D) binary photonic crystals (PhCs) consisting of two kinds of isotropic dielectrics strongly shift towards shorter wavelengths as incident angle increases. Such blueshift property of PBGs intensively limits the widths of omnidirectional photonic bandgaps (OPBGs). Very recently, researchers achieved a special kind of PBGs called angle-insensitive PBGs in novel 1-D binary PhCs consisting of isotropic dielectric and elliptical metamaterial (EMM). The emergence of such angle-insensitive PBGs provides us an opportunity to achieve large OPBGs. Herein, we periodically introduce plasma layers into a 1-D binary PhC consisting of isotropic dielectric and EMM with an angle-insensitive PBG to achieve a large OPBG at mid-infrared wavelengths. The EMM is mimicked by an all-dielectric subwavelength multilayer. The broaden effect of the OPBG originates from the plasmonic property of plasma and the angle-insensitive property of the PBG. The width of the OPBG reaches 4.19 μm. Our work provides a feasible route to achieving large OPBGs in 1-D PhCs and would promote the development of OPBG-based devices, such as omnidirectional broadband reflectors and omnidirectional filters.

One-dimensional photonic crystal-based biosensor for the detection of glucose concentration in human urine

A biosensor structure based on a ternary photonic crystal (TPC) containing a defect is designed and simulated. This proposed biosensor detects the concentration of glucose in human urine. Based on the transfer matrix method, we theoretically studied the transmission spectra through the TPC presuming blood samples with different refractive indices (RIs) infiltrated into the defect layer of the proposed structures. By varying the concentration of glucose in the urine, the RI of the urine is changed, which in turn changes the sensor’s output response; both transmission response and resonance wavelength are affected. We evaluated average sensitivity (S) for the number of periods at different values N for optimization purposes. Our results show that the biosensor has performance parameters for a period value N = 6. Indeed, a value of 1033 nm of full width at half maximum photonic bandgap can be observed with a S of 965 nm / RIU. The quality factor is 1892.542 and the figure of merit is 756.86 RIU − 1. The proposed biosensor can be a miniaturized structure with extreme sensitivity in the concentration of glucose detection models

An Efficient Photonic Crystal‐Based Chemical Sensor for the Detection of Isopropanol, Ethanol, and Acetone

For the improvement of daily needs, the use of many chemicals is growing rapidly. Some of these compounds are harmful to human health. Moreover, due to the wide range of applications in industry, it has become necessary to develop rapid and accurate detectors for chemical compounds. Herein, a new chemical photonic structure is theoretically investigated as a detector for isopropanol, ethanol, and acetone. The proposed sensor is based on a 1D ternary photonic crystal and has the structure (Si/Si3N4/SiO2)N/cavity layer/(Si/Si3N4/SiO2)N. The organic chemical compounds are assumed to be separately infiltrated into the cavity layer. The defect layer (DLR) thickness, incident angle, number of unit cells, and the contrast between the high‐ and low‐index layers are varied and the sensitivity and quality factor are found for each case. The sensitivity can be considerably improved by increasing the DLR thickness, angle of incidence, and the contrast between the high‐ and low‐index materials. An extremely high sensitivity (2270.48, 2283.0555, and 2283.75) and quality factor (21.82 × 105, 21.48 × 105 and 21.46 × 105) are obtained for isopropanol, ethanol, and acetone. The results described earlier may pave the way for a practical and useful method of diagnosing chemical compounds.

Design of a Highly Sensitive Detector Using a Ternary Photonic Crystal (PC) Based on Titanium Nitride Sandwiched between Si and SiO2 for the Creatinine Concentration Detection in the Blood Serum

It is very important to design a rapid and sensitive device for the creatinine concentration detection due to it being one of the most considerable benchmarks for efficient kidney working. Here, a novel biophotonic sensor using one-dimensional ternary PC based on Si/TiN/SiO2 layers is proposed for the creatinine concentration detection in a blood serum sample. A central cavity layer is inserted between two equal periodic numbers. The blood sample can be infiltrated in the cavity layer with various creatinine concentrations. Based on the technique of transfer matrix, the transmittance spectra properties are investigated. The influences of variation of the incidence angle for both TE and TM polarizations and the cavity layer thickness are carefully investigated to attain the best sensitivity of the biophotonic detector. A high sensitivity of 938.02 nm/RIU is realized for the suggested detector, which is comparable to most recent works published in this area. Moreover, the proposed sensor has an inexpensive cost, real-time detection, and simple structure, which is helpful to the industrial design using low-cost product nanofabrication techniques. Based on above-mentioned outcomes, our biosensor candidate is a suitable and effective device for the detection of creatinine concentration, and it can use for any biological sample.

Studying the effect of quantum dots and parity-time symmetry on the magnification of topological edge state peak as a pressure sensor

In this paper, a novel pressure sensor employing parity-time symmetry for amplifying the sensing signal is proposed. The sensor design consists of a multi-layer dual–ternary photonic crystal with quantum dots embedded inside silicon dioxide and porous silicon layers as the unit cell of the structure. A topological edge state peak appears inside the photonic bandgap due to the sensor's symmetric design. The properties of the topological edge state peak are changing due to the photoelastic effect of the selected materials. Quantitive analysis of the sensor performance was conducted to optimize the periodicity number and the incidence angle. Moreover, the influence of silicon porosity and macroscopic Lorentz oscillation on the performance was examined.

Theoretical Analysis of Optical Properties for Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells with Adding Anti-Reflective Coating Photonic Crystals

In the current study, we aim to limit the power dissipation in amorphous silicon solar cells by enhancing the cell absorbance at different incident angles. The current improvement is justified by adding the single-period of ternary 1D photonic crystal with texturing on the top surface, which acts as an anti-reflecting coating. The texturing shape gives the photons at least two chances to localize inside the active area of the cell. Therefore, it increases the absorbance of the cell. Moreover, we add binary one-dimensional photonic crystals with the features of a photonic band gap, which acts as a back mirror to return the photons that were transmitted inside the cell’s active region. The considered structure is demonstrated by the well-defined finite element method (FEM) by using COMSOL multiphysics.

Novel optical behaviors of metamaterial and polymer-based ternary photonic crystal with lossless and lossy features

In this simulation work, we analyze a ternary photonic crystal composed of polymer, metamaterial and Silicon with the help of simple transfer matrix method. First, it is noted that there exist three regions for the metamaterial in the frequency range 0 –10 GHz, namely as DNG, SNG, and DPS regions. In this investigation, we focus on the effects of incident angle, metamaterial thickness and electromagnetic damping, on the EM wave transmission. From the transmittance spectra obtained by TMM, it is observed that a wide PBG exists covering all these three regions at normal incidence, and it is enhanced with increase in the incident angle. It is found that at oblique incidences, the gap gets splitted into two components due to the existence of a splitting transmission line similar to defect mode, whose transmission is highly increased up to 1 at an incident angle above 75°. It is demonstrated that the splitting frequency increases with increase in the incident angle exhibiting a blue shift. The increase is monotonic and nonlinear, where the increase is more for larger thickness of the metamaterial. Further, on comparing the results obtained with electric and magnetic damping cases, it is found that a linear decrease in the transmittance corresponding to the peak frequency in the magnetic loss is dominant over the electric loss, where the PBG shows least dependence on the electric and magnetic damping frequency. These insights of the paper may be exploited to fabricate metamaterial-based devices, split-ring resonators, sensors, microwave antennas, super-lenses, clocking, and switching devices.

Tunable Reflection Properties and Photonic Bandgap Behavior of a One-Dimensional Metamaterial-Superconductor-Based Ternary Photonic Crystal

In the present communication, we have investigated the tunable reflection properties and photonic bandgap variation of a one-dimensional metamaterial and superconductor based ternary photonic crystal. To design the 1D ternary photonic crystal, we have taken three alternate layers of metamaterial, superconductor (BSSCO), and silica (SiO2). Transfer matrix method (TMM) is employed to determine the optical reflection properties of the considered 1DPC for TE-mode by varying five parameters, viz. incident angle, superconductor temperature, thickness and refractive index of dielectric layer, and number of unit cells. It is noted that the ternary PC exhibits the features of tunable narrow band reflector, whose width increases with increase in the incident angle with a blue shift, and decreases with operating temperature of superconductor with red shift. It also enhances with increase in the dielectric layer thickness in low frequency region, and decreases in high frequency regime with red shifts. We obtain only one PBG at n3=1.46 in low frequency regime, while with increase in the refractive index multiple gaps are obtained in different frequency regions having distinct widths at n3=2.4 and 3.4. An increase in the number of unit cells causes increase in the reflectance, wherein no PBG is found below N=8. This analysis gives some insights to design tunable devices based on narrowband reflectivity in the terahertz frequency regime, including THz-metadevices, emitters, thermo-optical devices, and security sensors.

Tunable properties of the defect mode of a ternary photonic crystal with a high T C superconductor and semiconductor layers

Abstract The tuning of a defect mode in a photonic crystal (PC) is of high significance for filter and sensor applications. We here investigate the tuning of the defect mode of a defective ternary PC with a semiconductor and high critical-temperature superconductor layers. A ternary photonic crystal with the heterostructure (semiconductor/superconductor/dielectric) is assumed. The transfer matrix method is employed to investigate the transmission of transverse electric waves. The refractive indices of the semiconductor and superconductor layers can be tuned by changing the operating temperature and the hydrostatic pressure. The defect mode and transmission properties can be controlled by using the hydrostatic pressure, operating temperature, frequency and thicknesses of the heterostructure layers. The analysis is performed in the frequency range of 20–65 THz. The proposed structure can be utilized as a biosensor and a narrowband transmission peaks filter.

Design of a Novel Protein Sensor of High Sensitivity Using a Defective Ternary Photonic Crystal Nanostructure

Design of a Novel Protein Sensor of High Sensitivity Using a Defective Ternary Photonic Crystal Nanostructure

High performance mid infrared temperature sensor based on resonance excitation of hybrid Tamm surface states

Theoretical design of mid infrared temperature sensor based on the resonance excitation of hybrid Tamm surface state (HTSS) is presented. An excellent sensing performance is attained by the coupling of graphene plasmon polaritons and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) phonon polaritons that forms hybrid polariton modes at the interface. In one dimensional ternary photonic crystal (1D TPC), terminated by hBN layer sandwiched between graphene monolayers, the coupling between Bloch surface waves and hybrid polariton modes leads to the formation of HTSS or Tamm plasmon-phonon modes. Employing Kretschmann configuration coupling mechanism, the excitation of the HTSSs at the truncated interface is manifested for transverse magnetic (TM) polarized wave. The structure supports excited HTSS between 7.14μm to 10.34μm that allows astounding control over the sensing ability by varying the number of unit cells and the resonant angles. The sensor has a high detection accuracy of 1010 at room temperature (300K). It is proved that for 50 unit cells and at 49° angle, a high quality factor of 372176, detection limit of 5K and sensitivity of 0.20pm/K is attained with operating range between 280K to 380K. The operating range is widened from 300K to 900K by changing the resonant angle from 49° to 53°. Further, for 30 unit cells and at 53° angle, the temperature sensing ability of the sensor extends from 100K to 900K with a sensitivity of 0.80pm/K and detection limit of 54.16K.

Analysis of transmission spectra in one-dimensional ternary photonic crystals with complex unit cell

We investigate the light transmission spectra of a one-dimensional semiconductor ternary photonic crystal with a complex unit cell composed of different combinations of two three-layers (symmetric and asymmetric) using the transfer matrix method. The transmittance properties of such photonic crystals are analyzed numerically for the normal and oblique incidence angles of electromagnetic radiation. The complete transmission spectra for the complex ternary photonic structures have been verified from the Brewster angle. Special attention is paid to the study of light transmission spectra dependencies as a function of the thicknesses of layers in the complex unit cell. The proposed structure can be used to design the optical wide-band filters, omnidirectional reflectors at the infrared and terahertz regimes.

Analysis of Photonic Band Structure Tunability for TE and TM Modes in a Silicon and Polymer Based Ternary Photonic Crystal for Visible Range Devices

Analysis of Photonic Band Structure Tunability for TE and TM Modes in a Silicon and Polymer Based Ternary Photonic Crystal for Visible Range Devices

Design of a nano-sensor for cancer cell detection based on a ternary photonic crystal with high sensitivity and low detection limit

Cancer is a fatal disease that leads to the death of many people all over the world. The detection of cancer disease is one of the most challenging in the medical field. A novel sensor based on a one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal is proposed for the detection of cancer cells. The proposed structure consists of a defect layer sandwiched between two identical periodic numbers. The defect layer can be either normal or cancerous cells. The proposed structure is air /(Si/Bi4Ge3O12/SiO2)N /Defect layer/ (Si/Bi4Ge3O12/SiO2)N /air. The transmission spectra are investigated using the transfer matrix method. The effects of variation of the incident angle, the defect layer thickness, and the number of periods on the sensitivity and the photonic bandgap width are exhaustively investigated. An extremely high sensitivity of 3282.09 nm/RIU is obtained and a very low detection limit of 0.0001 RIU is achieved for the proposed detector. Moreover, the proposed sensor has low cost, easy to design with a nano-scale size. The aforementioned outcomes could open up an effective and applicable path for cancerous cells diagnosis.

Defect mode and bandgap properties of a ternary photonic crystal with a nanocomposite defect layer

Defect mode and bandgap properties of a ternary photonic crystal with a nanocomposite defect layer