Term Of Reproach Research Articles

Формальные средства выражения упрека в русском дис­курсе

This article is concerned with the formal terms of reproach in Russian discourse and the corpus methods of their identification. Theoretically, it builds on the thesis that there are ‘true’ reproaches that can function autonomously in discourse and be adequately understood outside their context. Practically, the article describes the corpus search for formal terms of reproach. Methodologically, it abandons the synthetic outlook of pragmalinguistics, which dominates Russian linguistics, and treats reproach as a strictly linguistic object that has dis­cursive manifestations. This approach uses methods of corpus linguistics, which ‘visualise’ abstract models through arrays of real-life language data.

The seven deadly curs’d sins …Lust

The seven deadly curs’d sins …Lust

ONE THOUSAND UNSUCCESSFUL CAREERS

Since time immemorial society has dealt with the problem of poverty on a moral basis. Success has been honorific and failure ignominious, and so handicapped persons failing to make the social grade have been judged by the method of moral evaluation. The terms lazy, improvident, vicious have been used as terms of reproach. Each advance in civilization has led to a changed technique in dealing with human failures; but in general, all have tended to attribute the squalid condition of the poor to individual qualities. Latterly there has been a change in attitude. There has been more solicitude for the common man and his welfare and less willingness to allow avarice and greed to go unchecked. The tendency has been away from scrutiny of the individual and toward scrutiny of social organization. Sociologists in particular have attributed the plight of handicapped classes to social disorganization, and vast plans have been made for their relief, with very little information concerning the personality of the...

Some Twentieth Century Problems

PARTLY in fairness to my readers and partly in self-defense, I feel that I should tell you who, or rather what, I am. Commencing as a boy, I was a manual worker for several years in the Homestead Steel Works. I was fortunate enough to receive promotion, and eighteen years later I became one of the junior Carnegie partners. When the Steel Corporation was formed, I came to New York with Mr. Schwab, and for ten years was vice-president. I retired to a New England farm in 1911, and four years later returned to active business life as an officer of Midvale Steel and Ordnance Company. I cite this experience to show that I have at least had the opportunity to study some of our social problems at close range. So much for I am. Now, as to what I am: Some of those who know me best and who certainly should be qualified to judge, if long association is the test, call me by various pet names-such as socialist and anarchist. Only last week, a prominent New York banker, with whom I was lunching, asked me if my middle initial stood for Bolsheviki. I usually counter on them by asking them to define the term socialist, and I have yet to receive a fairly intelligent answer to this question. There is a lot of loose thinking on this subject, if it can be dignified by that term. As a matter of fact, most of the men who use these epithets as terms of reproach are either timid souls who, ostrich-like, prefer not to see possible dangers on the social horizon; or, they are at heart aristocrats, in spite of the fact that they are citizens of a republic. Aristocracy, or autocracy, (the terms are interchangeable with me) is an attitude of mind and not a social condition. It is a common error to suppose that the lines separating democrats and autocrats are horizontal only. They are also vertical, and I have found relatively quite as many men of aristocratic or autocratic

The White Man's Rule 1

TO the great majority of people in this country the name Sierra Leone is nothing more than the vague geographical expression of a colony situated somewhere in Tropical Africa, once more familiarly known as the “white man apos;s grave,” and long regarded as the last resort of the hopelessly incompetent or the incurably vicious. That such a term of reproach is no longer applicable is shown in “A Transformed Colony,” by Mr. Alldridge, whose personal knowledge dates so far back as 1871. In a clear and attractive manner the author gives a description of the marvellous changes which have taken place as a result of the white man's of the Scottish rule. Situated amidst beautiful scenery, some little distance up the Rokell river, Freetown, the first settlement, now the capital and port of the colony, was originallv the dumping ground for the liberated slaves drawn from all parts of West Africa; and from this collection of motley races has grown up a curious mongrel population, bound by no family or tribal ties, speaking no language of its own, and connected onlv by the common bond of aquaint English patois, and a paternal system of English government. To this has of recent years, been added the Hinterland, peopled by numerous aboriginal tribes, each speaking its own language, preserving its own customs, and living under a more or less well-defined feudal svstem. As a result of the former conditions the Freetown creole has developed, a semi-civilised beinf with a superficial veneer of civilisation, an overwhelming mass of self-conceit, and a ludicrous capacity for imitating the less desirable qualities of the European. Never is he more happy than when, clothed in silk hat and frock coat, he struts proudly to church, the observed of all observers.On the other hand, we find the aborigine, still the untutored savage, clothed in his loin cloth and little else, carrying out his ancestral pursuits of agriculture and war, but withal more likeable and trustworthy.

The Alevis, or Deifiers of Ali

A religion different from Islam, centring about the person and teaching of Ali, the adopted son of Muhammed, is steadily gaining ground in certain sections of the Turkish Empire. The believers are called Alevis both by themselves and by the Muslims. The name Kuzul Bash (u as in “cut”), which means “Red Head” and is often used as a term of reproach, is said to have originated at the battle of Siffin. Ali said, “Tie red upon your heads, so that ye slay not your own comrades in the thick of the battle.” In Persia the community is known by the name of Ali Ilāhi, and has commonly been regarded as a sect of Muhammedanism.The object of this study is to investigate the true nature of this faith with as much accuracy as an oriental religion permits, and to consider the relations of the Alevi brotherhood with Islam and Christianity.

Scientific Serials

Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie, Band viii. Heft iv.—This well-illustrated journal is steadily increasing in value and interest, as it is wider in its scope than it was at the commencement. Baron van Hoëvell, of Amboina, has a paper on a few notes on the kinds of the worship of gods in the south-western and south-eastern islands of the Malay Archipelago. Amongst other interesting information is a legend of the origin of two fetiches which are said to have fallen from heaven; one, which is called a sword, is probably a piece of old hoop-iron, and the other, a supposed spear-point, appears to be a piece of meteoric iron. There are also traces of a virginal conception through divine influence.—“Dogs and Primitive Folk” is the title of a comprehensive essay by Dr. B. Langkavel, in which he deals with dogs in folk custom and belief, the name as a term of reproach, ornaments derived from dogs, &c.—Dr. O. Frankfurter writes on dreams and their significance according to a Siamese dream-book.—J. D. E. Schmeltz has three communications on Papuan ethnography, of which the first, on objects from the Tugeri, is the most interesting. We are now beginning, to learn something definite about these ruthless pirates that harass the western coast population of British New Guinea. A bow, tobacco-pipe, drum, and two remarkable dance ornaments are figured; the latter are slabs of wood carved to represent a flying bird (?), and several lizards or crocodiles. He also describes a wood-carving of what appears to be an echidna and some ceremonial objects. The rest of the journal is occupied with the usual notes and notices.

"Tangerine" as a term of reproach

"Tangerine" as a term of reproach Get access R. Robbins R. Robbins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-V, Issue 109, 27 January 1894, Page 68, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-V.109.68g Published: 27 January 1894

Max Muller on Darwin's Philosophy of Language *

IN a lecture recently delivered in connection with the Liverpool Literary and Philosophical Society, Prof. Max Müller addressed himself to the phase of Mr. Darwin's theory, which deals with the possibility of the higher animals acquiring the faculty of articulate speech. He first cleared the ground by some general remarks on the previous phases of this old, old controversy touching the origin and destiny of man, referring to the contention between the Materialists and the Idealists, and to the durable impression left upon this controversy by Kant's wonderful “Criticism on Pure Reason”, lamenting that Mr. Darwin and his followers should disregard the important conclusions resulting from previous controversies on this subject, and proceed as if their theory of evolution were new. Materialism, he said, is everywhere in the ascendant, while Idealism is almost become a term of reproach. In this riddle of mind and matter, the world is the theatre of a struggle for the primacy of mind over matter. But when the evolutionists contend that the development of the mind of man out of the mind of an animal is a mere question of time, the Professor felt inclined to treat the idea with impatience. Animals must be animals so long as they lack the faculty of abstracting general ideas. Darwin says “I believe that animals have descended from at most four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number. Analogy would lead us one step further, namely, to the belief that all animals and plants have descended from some one prototype. All organic beings have descended from some primordial form into which life was breathed by the Creator”. Prof. Max Müller inferred that these four progenitors may be intended for the Radiata, Mollusca, Articulata, and Vertebrata; and said that Mr. Darwin holds firmly that man has been developed from some lower animal, that all animals have been so developed from the lowest to the highest order of organism, and that there is nothing peculiar in man which cannot be explained from germinal seeds or potential faculties existing in lower animals. This question of the descent of man may be called the controversy of the nineteenth