Text Terms Research Articles

Are the imaging-based techniques for early diagnosis of oral potentially malignant lesions effective?

Design The study was a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement and the guidelines from the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions.Data sources Literature searches of free text and MeSH terms were performed using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library (from 2000 to 30 June 2020). The search strategy was: ("oral screening devices" or "autofluorescence" or "chemiluminescence" or "optical imaging" or "imaging technique") and ("oral dysplasia" or "oral malignant lesions" or "oral precancerosis").Data analysis After identification of 1,282 potential articles, an analysis applying the eligibility criteria to the research identified 43 articles for qualitative evaluation and 34 for quantitative analysis.Results The results presented were inconsistent, both in the whole and in technique groups. There was evidence of high risk of bias in the evaluated studies. Moreover, the results were homogeneous across studies, which makes it challenging to carry out a reliable comparison of measures like specificity or positive/negative predictive values.Conclusions Imaging-based techniques for early diagnosis of potentially malignant oral lesions must improve technology and accuracy. In addition, none of the evaluated methods can substitute the oral biopsy.

Echocardiographic scores for biventricular repair risk prediction of congenital heart disease with borderline left ventricle: a review.

The aim of this review is to highlight the strengths and limitations of major echocardiographic biventricular repair (BVR) prediction models for borderline left ventricle (LV) in complex congenital heart disease (CHD). A systematic search in the National Library of Medicine for Medical Subject Headings and free text terms including echocardiography, CHD, and scores, was performed. The search was refined by adding keywords for critical aortic stenosis (AS), borderline LV, complex left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, hypoplastic left heart syndrome/complex (HLHS/HLHC), and unbalanced atrio-ventricular septal defects (uAVSD). Fifteen studies were selected for the final analysis. We outlined what echocardiographic scores for different types of complex CHD with diminutive LV are available. Scores for CHD with LVOT obstruction including critical AS, HLHS/HLHC, and aortic arch hypoplasia have been validated and implemented by several studies. Scores for uAVSD with right ventricle (RV) dominance have also been established and implemented, the first being the atrioventricular valve index (AVVI). In addition to AVII, both LV/RV inflow angle and LV inflow index have all been validated for the prediction of BVR. We conclude with a discussion of limitations in the development and validation of each of these scores, including retrospective design during score development, heterogeneity in echocardiographic parameters evaluated, variability in the definition of outcomes, differences in adopted surgical and Interventional strategies, and institutional differences. Furthermore, scores developed in the past two decades may have little clinical relevance now. In summary, we provide a review of echocardiographic scores for BVR in complex CHD with a diminutive LV that may serve as a guide for use in modern clinical practice.

Candidemia in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with bloodstream infection: A retrospective analysis and brief summary of published studies.

Candidemia is a life-threatening condition; however, the predictive markers for candidemia and mortality are inadequate in cirrhotic patients. This study was conducted to propose candidate predictors for the occurrence of candidemia and 30-day mortality in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) and review the related literature. Cirrhotic patients with BSI between January 2011 and March 2020 were screened from the databank of a medical center and eligible patients were enrolled. Patients were separated into candidemia and bacteremia groups according to the results of blood cultures. Baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, and biochemistry data were collected at this time, as were microbiological data, medical management, use of antimicrobial agents, and outcome of the patients. The parameters and 30-day mortality were compared between candidemia and bacteremia groups. A combination of the MeSH terms and text terms related to candidemia and cirrhosis was searched in the electronic databases. Four hundred and sixty cirrhotic patients with BSI were enrolled. Thirty-five patients with candidemia (7.6%) were identified. Nosocomial infection, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, antibiotics exposure ≥14 days, white cell count >10 K/mm3, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score >24 were associated with candidemia. The 30-day mortality was 65.7% in the candidemia group and 37.9% in the bacteremia group (p = 0.001). Nosocomial infection, ICU admission, hepatoma, hepatic encephalopathy, international normalized ratio ≥1.2, platelet ≤150 K/mm3, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2, and MELD score >24 were associated with 30-day mortality. Six studies were identified. The results were consistent with our findings regarding low incidence of candidemia, and relevant risk factors are listed. Candidemia had low incidence but high mortality in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with BSI. New predictors were proposed for the occurrence of candidemia and 30-day mortality in these patients.

Overcoming the problem of cultural untranslatability in Burnett’s the secret garden from English into Indonesian

This study aimed at investigating the untranslatable cultural terms found in the novel from English into Indonesian since not all cultural terms in Source Text can be fully transferred into Target Text as well as the translator’s decision to overcome the problem of untranslatability since English and Indonesian have very different cultural concepts. This study was a data-driven study by using The Secret Garden’s novel written by Burnett (1911/2019) as the Source Text (ST) and its Indonesian translation by Kusumawardani (2020) (under the same title) as the Target Text (TT). The data were analyzed by using descriptive-mix-comparative methods that combined the theory of Newmark’s (1988) cultural terms categorization and Newmark’s (1988) translation procedures. As a result, to overcome the problem of cultural untranslatability, the translator frequently employs transference, naturalization, and notes procedures. From in-depth analysis, transference by retaining the SL’s cultures in the TL is used to avoid mistranslation because the lacks a formally corresponding feature. Naturalization is used by adapting the SL cultural-specific words to the TL's normal pronunciation and morphology because there are designation similarities in both the SL and the TL. Meanwhile, notes in the form of in-text annotations and footnotes were used to strengthen the translator's role by highlighting her in the translation results. Nevertheless, notes are commonly used in conjunction with naturalization to reduce strangeness, as leaving too many untranslatable cultural references weakens the translation result.

A Systematic Review of the Outcomes of Microsurgical Toe Transfer for Metacarpal and Metacarpal-Like Hand Deformity.

Background: Thumb and multiple finger amputations may result in a metacarpal and a metacarpal-like hand deformity. Toe-to-hand transfer is a recognised treatment strategy for this deformity but has risks and is resource intensive. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the outcomes of toe-to-hand transfer for traumatic metacarpal and metacarpal-like hand deformity in adult patients. Methods: Multi-database searching with index and free text terms, duplicate standardised screening and extraction, and quality assessment was performed. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were prespecified. We included any randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, as well as interrupted time series, before and after intervention studies. Results: Screening of 548 articles yielded 20 studies eligible that included 19 retrospective observational studies and one before and after intervention study. A total of 171 patients underwent 274 toe transfers for metacarpal and metacarpal-like hand deformity. No study compared toe-transfer to a control group or to a prosthesis. The before and after intervention study demonstrated significant improvement in activities of daily living, work, aesthetics and satisfaction. Additionally, no significant donor site morbidity occurred in the heterogenous sample. Outcomes from remaining studies at risk of bias suggest that those with a lesser severity of injury and at least two toe transfers score higher in functional tests and scoring systems. Conclusions: There is limited confidence in the effectiveness of toe transfer for metacarpal and metacarpal-like hand deformity. The available evidence indicates that toe transfer(s) may restore acceptable function permitting activities of daily living, return to original or sedentary occupation and affords satisfaction. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic).

Animated Instructional Medium in Structural Foundation

Complicated concepts in designs are difficult to explain in traditional media, such as still slides. Animation seems to provide an advantage in delivering a better rendition of these concepts. This study aimed to develop an Animated Instructional Medium in Structural Foundation, which could be used by Drafting Technology Students of Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Talisay, Negros Occidental and will serve as a viable instructional material in teaching drafting technology subjects. Specifically, it sought to design and develop an Animated Instructional Medium in Structural Foundation with the following features: animated, interactive, and quality. It also determined the acceptability of the project in terms of animation, user control, interactivity, and images. Moreover, formulate an instructional guide for using the project. Descriptive and developmental methods were used in this study involving one hundred forty respondents comprising architects, civil engineers, drafting instructors, and students for project evaluation. The findings of the study showed that the Animated Instructional Medium in Structural Foundation was rated highly acceptable in terms of technical features and very acceptable in terms of animation, user control, interactivity, images, and text. An instructional guide was formulated to serve as an instructional medium for teaching basic structural foundations in Architectural Drafting. This study is beneficial to the BSIT Drafting students, construction foremen, construction workers, homeowners, instructors, and researchers.

P322 Effectiveness of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha inhibitors and Thiopurines combination therapy according to, 6-thioguanine nucleotides plasma levels: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (CU), have a progressive course with a significant percentage of primary or secondary failure to anti- tumor necrosis factor (TNF). It is already known that the combination therapy with anti-TNF and thiopurines have shown more effectiveness than monotherapy, especially with Infliximab (IFX). Thiopurines activity optimization, by the, 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) measurement, have been related to better clinical outcomes in monotherapy, but evidence is lacking regarding combination therapy. Our aim was assessing the clinical and pharmacokinetic outcomes of the combination therapy regarding (6-TGN) serum levels. Methods We performed a systematic review in electronic resources in three major databases (PUBMED, Cochrane and Web of Science) up to, 18 January, 2021 using MeSH terms, text terms and specific outcomes without restrictions for year or language. We searched for randomized clinical trials (RCT) and observational studies. Outcomes included clinical remission, clinical relapse, mucosal healing, anti-TNF serum levels, antibodies to anti-TNF and adverse events regarding, 6-TGN serum levels. Studies without, 6-TGN measurement were excluded. Results Our search identified, 14 studies (three RCT and, 11 observational studies). Eight (57.1%) studies in Crohn’s disease patients. Seven (50.0%) publications included patients with IFX, and, 5 (35.7%) with adalimumab (ADA). Most of the studies showed a positive association between, 6-TGN serum levels and clinical remission in patients with IFX treatment. Higher, 6-TGN serum levels improved the pharmacokinetic profile in patients with both anti-TNF. The target, 6-TGN serum levels proposed for the pharmacokinetic outcomes were lower (125–200 pmol/, 8 ×, 108 RBC) than those for clinical remission (230 -, 450 pmol/, 8 ×, 108 RBC). Conclusion This systematic review shows that adequate, 6-TGN serum levels are associated with clinical response and better pharmacokinetic outcomes in combination therapy with IFX, with a weaker association with ADA therapy. Lower, 6-TGN serum levels could be enough to avoid unfavorable pharmacokinetic evolution with anti-TNF, especially IFX. There is not enough data supporting lower thiopurines doses for clinical outcomes, nor even to avoid adverse events. Further, well-designed research is needed to confirm the importance of, 6-TGN monitoring to optimize the combination therapy with anti-TNF and to decrease thiopurine doses when possible.

Tagging terms in text

Abstract As with many tasks in natural language processing, automatic term extraction (ATE) is increasingly approached as a machine learning problem. So far, most machine learning approaches to ATE broadly follow the traditional hybrid methodology, by first extracting a list of unique candidate terms, and classifying these candidates based on the predicted probability that they are valid terms. However, with the rise of neural networks and word embeddings, the next development in ATE might be towards sequential approaches, i.e., classifying each occurrence of each token within its original context. To test the validity of such approaches for ATE, two sequential methodologies were developed, evaluated, and compared: one feature-based conditional random fields classifier and one embedding-based recurrent neural network. An additional comparison was added with a machine learning interpretation of the traditional approach. All systems were trained and evaluated on identical data in multiple languages and domains to identify their respective strengths and weaknesses. The sequential methodologies were proven to be valid approaches to ATE, and the neural network even outperformed the more traditional approach. Interestingly, a combination of multiple approaches can outperform all of them separately, showing new ways to push the state-of-the-art in ATE.

Nalar Sufistik dan Satire Nashruddin Hodja dalam Sastra Hikayat Jenaka

Abstract: This article explores the Sufistic thoughts of Nashruddin Hodja with a focus on the study of the moral and spiritual messages analyze which contained in the works of comical tales. One of humorous Sufis who implemented his Sufism work is Nashruddin Hodja. He used this approach to educate the public and criticize the unjust rulers at the time of the 13th-century Mongol invasion of Turkey. The primary source of this research is a book written by Hodja under the title The Turkish Jester or The Pleasantries of Cogia Nasr Eddin Effendi: 1984. The researchers used qualitative methods analyzed using Schleiermacher's hermeneutic approach, which is grammatical interpretation and psychological interpretation. The result of this research indicates Nashruddin Hodja has Sunni Sufistic thought in terms of text and his psychology. The topics raised are human attitudes to God, individual and social ethics. Then the result can be formulated as a new approach in Sufism likes purifying the soul and fostering morals with an esoteric humorous nuance.

Reception of Roman law in North-Western Russia in 14th–15th centuries: widow and late husband property

The article is about the influence of the Roman law on the Russian private act and statutes. The focus is on one legal collision regarding a widow life-long use of her late husband’s property (since she does not remarry). That case was equally reflected in the documents of the North-West of Russia asa well as in those ones of the North-Italian commune cities. In search of the sources of this legal norm, the articles of the Pskov Judicial Charter (PJC), the Code of Justinian (CJ), the Byzantine Ecloga (E) and the Extensive Edition of Russkaya Pravda (RP) are compared. It turns out that the texts of PJC and CJ are extremely close to each other both in semantic and textual terms, and at the same time they differ significantly from the texts of E and RP, which, in turn, are close. Thus, it turns out that the legal norm of the North-West of Russia, reflected both in the private acts and in the PJC, goes back to the CJ directly, bypassing the Byzantine legal tradition. To a certain extent, this reverses the traditional historiographic ideas that the influence of Roman law on Old Russian law was insignificant and, moreover, passed through the Byzantine «filter».

Structural and Semantic Types of Terms in Socio-Political Texts and Ways of Their Translation from German into Russian

Structural and Semantic Types of Terms in Socio-Political Texts and Ways of Their Translation from German into Russian

Методы и подходы к автоматическому связыванию сущностей на русском языке

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in solving NLP tasks using external knowledge storage, for example, in information retrieval, question-answering systems, dialogue systems, etc. Thus it is important to establish relations between entities in the processed text and a knowledge base. This article is devoted to entity linking, where Wikidata is used as an external knowledge base. We consider scientific terms in Russian as entities. Traditional entity linking system has three stages: entity recognition, candidates (from knowledge base) generation, and candidate ranking. Our system takes raw text with the defined terms in it as input. To generate candidates we use string match between terms in the input text and entities from Wikidata. The candidate ranking stage is the most complicated one because it requires semantic information. Several experiments for the candidate ranking stage with different models were conducted, including the approach based on cosine similarity, classical machine learning algorithms, and neural networks. Also, we extended the RUSERRC dataset, adding manually annotated data for model training. The results showed that the approach based on cosine similarity leads to better results compared to others and doesn’t require manually annotated data. The dataset and system are open-sourced and available for other researchers.

Methods of Translation of Official-Business Terminology of the World Trade Organisation

The scientific article is devoted to substantiation of actual methods of translation of official-business terminology of the World Trade Organization (hereinafter referred to as WTO) and identification and systematization of regularities of its lexical-semantic, stylistic and linguistic-cultural manifestations in English-language official-business texts. The variety of special terminology and the main methods of its translation are a main area of study among translators. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to those translation methods that most fully interpret the various features of special lexemes in official business documents (hereinafter referred to as OBD). The specifics of the representation of methods of translation of official business terminology of the WTO are characterized by their peculiarities, which allows the separation of numerous terms from the official business text and stimulates scientific interest in their study and search for appropriate language means – for their nomination. In the official business texts of the WTO, the translation of terminology is realized through current translation transformations, which fit into the official business style, and the preference is given to the most common types of transformations. The scientific article proposes a comprehensive method of analysis of the official business text, as well as the appropriate translation methodology, which explicates the idea of economic terminology by means of official business language. The results of the applied study show that the opposition of English and Ukrainian special terms in the official business text of the WTO is explained by differences in semantic and syntactic structure of the sentence and the order of components of expression: on the one hand, these are grammatical and semantic differences, and on the other hand, typological differences between English and Ukrainian languages.

Differential word expression analyses highlight plague dynamics during the second pandemic.

Research on the second plague pandemic that swept over Europe from the fourteenth to nineteenth centuries mainly relies on the exegesis of contemporary texts and is prone to interpretive bias. By leveraging certain bioinformatic tools routinely used in biology, we developed a quantitative lexicography of 32 texts describing two major plague outbreaks, using contemporary plague-unrelated texts as negative controls. Nested, network and category analyses of a 207-word pan-lexicome, comprising overrepresented terms in plague-related texts, indicated that ‘buboes' and ‘carbuncles' are words that were significantly associated with the plague and signalled an ectoparasite-borne plague. Moreover, plague-related words were associated with the terms ‘merchandise’, ‘movable’, ‘tatters', ‘bed’ and ‘clothes'. Analysing ancient texts using the method reported in this paper can certify plague-related historical records and indicate the particularities of each plague outbreak, which can inform on the potential sources for the causative Yersinia pestis.

Interpreting the Film "Sherlock on the Plain" from a Semiotic Perspective

Although Sherlock on the Plain is a small-budget film, it was released in 2019 to rave reviews and has been highly praised and recommended by numerous film gurus on various social media platforms. The film's unique style, which incorporates various seemingly conflicting elements, is of great learning value both in terms of film text and aesthetic style, and the analysis of various symbols in the film is extremely instructive for the author's personal professional learning. This paper will attempt to analyze the meaning of various symbols in the film from the perspective of symbolic narrative, to understand the director's observation and reflection on the social reality in the film, and to explore the resonance between the Chinese emotion in the rural "earthy" film and the audience.

Translation and Expression of Professional Terms of Public Emergencies in External Reports.

In order to better grasp the expression and translation methods of professional terms in the process of external reporting of public emergencies and grasp the characteristics and elements of the translation of publicity events, this study takes public emergencies as the research object and focuses on the application of English and Chinese professional terms and translation strategies in the process of external reporting. Therefore, based on the in-depth analysis of the news reporting framework of public health emergencies, this paper deeply summarizes the application skills of professional terms in publicity texts, so as to provide a certain reference for further improving the translator's ability to control the means of discourse cohesion and the level of discourse control of Chinese-English professional terms in the translation of public health events.

Giving sports terms in sports discourse and texts related to sports

In linguistics, an in-depth study of the word, its semantic-structural properties, the relationship of terminologists to any phenomenon or process due to the universality of the name, the two-sided nature of the term, the word can perform a nominative or determinative function.

A Comparison of Practice Guidelines for Yoga Breathing from the Traditional Texts and PubMed-Indexed Research

Volitional yoga breathing techniques influence several physiological functions depending on the changes made in depth of breathing, relative duration of exhalation to inhalation, and breath frequency. The practice guidelines for three routinely practiced and researched yoga breathing practices (bhastrika pranayama [bellows breath], bhramari pranayama [bee breath], and kapalabhati pranayama [breath of fire]) were compared between the traditional written texts (i.e., Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Gheranda Samhita) and published research indexed in PubMed (a total of 73 studies; 25 on bhastrika pranayama, 17 on bhramari pranayama, and 31 on kapalabhati pranayama). We compared the specifications for posture, time of day, location, and duration of practice; frequency, depth, and holding (kumbhaka) of the breath; speed and/or force and right or left nostril use for inhalation and exhalation; duration of inhalation relative to exhalation; thoracic or diaphragmatic breathing (or comparable terms in the traditional texts); mental state; physiological locks (bandhas) ; and hand gestures (mudras). Differences between the practice guidelines in the traditional texts and published research with respect to the depth of b reathing (bhastrika pranayama), relative breath phase duration (bhramari pranayama), and breath frequency (kapalabhati pranayama) are presented despite the findings being restricted to published studies from a single bibliographic database. Differences in the way yoga breathing is practiced could influence the physiological effects obtained, and differences between methods reported in published studies could make it difficult to summarize the effects of yoga breathing practice across studies.

A Scoping Review Regarding the Treatment of Foot and Ankle Ganglia

Category:OtherIntroduction/Purpose:Ganglion cysts are a well documented phenomena occurring in a variety of joints. They are described as a tumour like lesion filled with mucopolysaccharides. The majority occur in the hand and wrist (88%) with a small yet significant minority occurring in the foot and ankle (11%). Currently, there is a lack of high-quality literature regarding the management of ganglia in the foot and ankle region. Therefore this scoping review aims to systematically map and summarise current evidence regarding the management of ganglia of the foot and ankle, whilst identifying areas for further research.Methods:This scoping review follows the methodology outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, Levac, the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA framework.. A detailed search strategy was used to identify relevant articles using free text terms such as 'foot' 'ankle' 'ganglion' 'ganglia' 'ganglionic cyst'. This was carried out in four electronic databases; PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Ovid MEDLINE. A stage two-stage independent screening process based and title and/or abstract then full-text was carried our by two reviewers. The a-priori selection criteria included all primary research (observational studies and randomised control trials) whilst excluding (case reports, letters to editors, editorials, commentaries and review articles). Studies that did not separate the treatment of foot and ankle tumours from ganglia were excluded. The MINORS criteria were used to assess methodological quality of included studies.Results:In total, 2286 unique articles were initially identified, from which 11 met the criteria for inclusion. A variety of conservative and surgical treatment strategies were reported. The use of surgical excision was reported in all 11 studies, ten of which via an open surgical approach, with only one study using an endoscopic approach. The use of conservative treatments, involving aspiration and/or steroid injection, were reported in only 5 studies. As for the recurrence rate, 7 studies reported a rate of 5.7% - 65.7%, with an overall pooled recurrence rate of 30.6%. Pooled recurrence rates showed that surgical excisions were associated with a lower recurrence rate than conservative treatments. Complications other than occurrence were described in 6 studies. Only 3 studies performed an analysis of outcomes based on the location or site of origin of ganglia.Conclusion:The current literature regarding the treatment of foot and ankle ganglia is of a low-quality, as the articles included in this scoping review are level III or IV cohort or case series design. The literature alludes to the idea that a surgical approach provides greater efficacy than a conservative approach. There is also limited evidence to suggest that factors such as the origin or location of ganglia may affect treatment outcomes. Alternative approaches utilised in the treatment of wrist ganglia are yet to be investigated. Further research is required before more definitive conclusions into any such associations may be drawn.

Lithuanian Dramaturgy and Its “Crises”

The cultural shift that has been taking place over the thirty years since Lithuania regained its independence is bound up with the role of a rapidly changing – in terms of both stage and text – theatre. These changes were mostly expressed through rhetorical formulations of a discourse of “crisis”. It is no exception that this word has been used as a usual descriptor of the state of Lithuanian dramaturgy. Through a discussion of the differing aspects of the relationships between the defenders of the logos theatre and the proponents of stage praxis, this article argues that during the transitionary period that changed Lithuania’s history, and which also supplied the concept of “crisis”, the world of Lithuanian theatre, afflicted with constant perturbations, revealed itself. The multifariousness of “crisis” is also elucidated: at the start of the period of independence the term was used to describe the vacuum problem of Lithuanian drama, after ten years – the lack of current relevant plays, today – the limited access to contemporary dramaturgical texts. The conclusion is thereby drawn, that the dissemination of dramatic texts is not only a prerequisite of lessening the long-lived tensions between text and stage authors, but also of deeper studies of the development of contemporary Lithuanian dramaturgy.