Term Administration Research Articles

Dexamethasone after early-life seizures attenuates increased susceptibility to seizures, seizure-induced microglia activation and neuronal injury later in life

Chronic epilepsy can begin with isolated early-life prolonged seizures followed by remission and the re-emergence of seizures later in life. Seizures are known to trigger a neuroinflammatory response to promote neuronal damage and increase the risk of epilepsy. We examined whether post-seizure anti-inflammatory treatment with dexamethasone after early-life seizures could decrease future seizure susceptibility and ameliorate heightened microglia activation and cell injury in response to later-life seizures. Using a “two-hit” model, early-life seizures (SZ) were induced in rats on postnatal day (P) 25 by systemic kainic acid (KA) injection followed by later-life KA at P39. P25 animals were administered anti-inflammatory drugs for 2 or 7 days after first KA exposure to inhibit seizure-induced inflammation. Hippocampal microglial activation was measured after first or second KA treatments to assay neuroinflammation, and the latency and severity of seizures to the second KA treatment were measured to determine seizure susceptibility. In situ end labeling for DNA fragmentation was used to compare KA-induced neuronal injury between treatment groups after the second KA administration. KA-SZ at P25 caused marked microglia activation within 48 hours. At P39, KA-SZ in rats without prior seizures caused a modest (2-fold) increase in microglia assayed 72 hours after KA. In contrast, microglia were markedly activated (5-fold) in response to a second KA-SZ at P39. Short-course (2 days) dexamethasone significantly decreased seizure-induced microglia activation at P25, and ameliorated the exaggerated microglia activation, cell injury, and heightened susceptibility to second-hit seizures. Although short-course dexamethasone was effective, longer term (7 days) administration of dexamethasone resulted in decreased weight gain and increased mortality in animals with or without KA-induced seizures. These data indicated that acute short-term steroid therapy after SZ could inhibit seizure-induced microglia activation and decrease the long-term damaging effects of early-life SZ. These results further implicate seizure-induced inflammation and activation of innate immunity mediated by microglia in the pathogenesis of childhood epilepsy.

REFLECTION ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS FOR SCHOOL MANAGEMENT

The purpose of this study is to analyze the perceptions of the administrators in terms of their environmental awareness. This study is based on their knowledge, attitude and behavior. Besides, this study also aimed to determine the differences of environmental awareness based on race and gender, and to identify the relationship between knowledge, attitude and behavior towards environmental awareness among the administrators. This study involved 50 administrators in one of the districts in Johor. The survey method was used in data collection, and the questionnaire developed by other researchers was modified to match with the characteristics of the present research subjects. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that the environmental awareness in terms of attitude was at a high level, whereas the awareness from the aspects of knowledge and behavior were at a moderate level. In addition, it has been found that there was no significant difference in environmental awareness between gender-based on knowledge, attitude and behavior. The result also indicated that there was no significant difference in environmental awareness among races in knowledge. Also no significant difference was discovered in terms of attitude and behavior. Apart from that, the correlation analysis revealed that the awareness of attitude and behavior were positively correlated. On the contrary, the awareness of knowledge was negatively correlated with attitude as well as behavior. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that the administrator aware of the importance of environmental conservation.

Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Reduces Metabolic Impairment in Male Mouse Offspring from Obese Mothers.

Maternal obesity impacts offspring metabolism. We sought to boost mitochondrial energy metabolism using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to treat metabolic impairment induced by maternal and long-term post weaning over-nutrition. Male offspring of lean or obese mothers, fed chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks post-weaning, were given NMN injection, starting at 31 weeks of age, daily for 3 weeks before sacrifice. Glucose tolerance was tested at 10, 29 and 32 weeks of age to measure short and long term effects of post-weaning HFD, and NMN treatment. Plasma insulin and triglycerides, liver triglycerides and expression of mitochondrial metabolism-related genes were measured at 34 weeks. Impaired glucose tolerance due to maternal and post weaning HFD was significantly improved by only 8 days of NMN treatment. Furthermore, in offspring of obese mothers hepatic lipid accumulation was reduced due to NMN treatment by 50% and 23% in chow and HFD fed offspring respectively. Hepatic genes involved in fat synthesis, transport and uptake were reduced, while those involved in fatty acid oxidation were increased by NMN. Overall this finding suggests short term administration of NMN could be a therapeutic approach for treating metabolic disease due to maternal and post weaning over-nutrition, even in late adulthood.

Pharmacotechnical Development of a Nasal Drug Delivery Composite Nanosystem Intended for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment.

Direct nose-to-brain delivery has been raised as a non-invasive powerful strategy to deliver drugs to the brain bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study aimed at preparing and characterizing an innovative composite formulation, associating the liposome and hydrogel approaches, suitable for intranasal administration. Thermosensitive gel formulations were obtained based on a mixture of two hydrophilic polymers (Poloxamer 407, P407 and Poloxamer 188, P188) for a controlled delivery through nasal route via liposomes of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of potential interest for Alzheimer’s disease. The osmolarity and the gelation temperature (T° sol-gel) of formulations, defined in a ternary diagram, were investigated by rheometry and visual determination. Regarding the issue of assays, a mixture composed of P407/P188 (15/1%, w/w) was selected for intranasal administration in terms of T° sol-gel and for the compatibility with the olfactory mucosal (280 ± 20 mOsmol, pH 6). Liposomes of API were prepared by the thin film hydration method. Mucoadhesion studies were performed by using mucin disc, and they showed the good natural mucoadhesive characteristics of in situ gel formulations, which increased when liposomes were added. The study demonstrated successful pharmacotechnical development of a promising API-loaded liposomes in a thermosensitive hydrogel intended for nasal Alzheimer’s disease treatment.

Mechanistic exploration of quercetin against metronidazole induced neurotoxicity in rats: Possible role of nitric oxide isoforms and inflammatory cytokines

AimMetronidazole, a nitroimidazole derived antibiotic used to treat many bacterial infections, is reported to penetrate the blood brain barrier after long term administration resulting into neuronal toxicity. Further, quercetin, a polyphenol flavonoid is reported to exhibit neuroprotective activity but its pharmacodynamics interaction against metronidazole induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the postulated mechanism of metronidazole induced neurotoxicity and potential neuroprotective role of quercetin. Main methodsAnimals (Sprague Dawley) rats were randomly divided into five groups such as control, metronidazole (135 mg/kg), quercetin (100 mg/kg), metronidazole (135 mg/kg) + quercetin (50 mg/kg), and metronidazole (135 mg/kg) + quercetin (100 mg/kg). The brain tissues were evaluated for tissue cyclo-oxygenase, lipoxygenase, nitrite levels, inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers. The brain tissues were further scrutinized histopathologically for neuronal degeneration. Western blotting analysis was performed for the localization of protein expression for Bax, Bcl2, iNOS, eNOS and caspase-3. Key findingsThe metronidazole significantly alters the antioxidant levels, inflammatory mediators and morphological changes in the brain tissue. Metronidazole also induces iNOS, Bax and caspase 3 protein expressions whilst decreases the expression of Bcl2 and eNOS in the brain tissue. Metronidazole administration causes a momentous increase in tissue inflammatory markers. SignificanceThe metronidazole (oral) administration causes remarkably neurotoxicity effects and the same could be attributed to the fact that metronidazole has the ability to cross the blood brain barrier and transforms the enzymatic activity of various biomarkers present in the brain. From the results, it could be hypothesized that metronidazole causes neurotoxicity by hindering the proportion of antioxidants in the brain tissue and inducing nitric oxide synthesis along with apoptosis. However, quercetin demonstrated a significant protective effect on neuronal toxicity precipitated through metronidazole.

Effects of route of administration on oxytocin-induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow in humans

Could nose-to-brain pathways mediate the effects of peptides such as oxytocin (OT) on brain physiology when delivered intranasally? We address this question by contrasting two methods of intranasal administration (a standard nasal spray, and a nebulizer expected to improve OT deposition in nasal areas putatively involved in direct nose-to-brain transport) to intravenous administration in terms of effects on regional cerebral blood flow during two hours post-dosing. We demonstrate that OT-induced decreases in amygdala perfusion, a key hub of the OT central circuitry, are explained entirely by OT increases in systemic circulation following both intranasal and intravenous OT administration. Yet we also provide robust evidence confirming the validity of the intranasal route to target specific brain regions. Our work has important translational implications and demonstrates the need to carefully consider the method of administration in our efforts to engage specific central oxytocinergic targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

PECULIARITIES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF COURT CASES BETWEEN JUDGES

The article analyzes the legal regulation of the relations related to the functioning of the automated system of court documents circulation by means of innovative methods in order to improve the administrative and administrative functions in the judicial system of the country. The judicial system has been the focus of much public debate in recent years. The content of these debates lies in the efficiency of the functioning of the judiciary. Considering the real impact of the people of the judiciary and litigants on the need to achieve the optimal distribution of court cases among judges in real time is an urgent need for this branch of government today. Accordingly, the use of methods and methods that will facilitate the work of the court and satisfy the requirements of participants in the process of administrative construction of the distribution of court cases and achieve as a result of a good indicator of the quality of court services is becoming a significant lever. Courts exercise the judiciary independently, regardless of their will, subject only to the Constitution of Ukraine and the legislation of Ukraine. The quality of this activity, including the accessibility of the judiciary, the promptness, reasonableness and fairness of justice, is ensured not only by the judges, but also by their assistants and other officials of the apparatus. Creating a real optimization of the distribution of court cases is the driving force behind the process of creating an effective system in creating a high-quality operational functioning of the court apparatus and justifying trust in justice. It is no accident that the disclosure of this problem has been made since there is always a contradiction between the benefits of ensuring the transparency of court work and the swift and qualified resolution of cases. Human resources in the system of effective judicial administration in terms of the distribution of court cases among judges are significant levers in improving this system. An automated system makes this process a more innovative way, and a person must identify the best means of such filtering, by which, not only will the cases be quickly distributed and confidence from the participants of the process lost, but also a competent and prompt decision is made. Creating a positive image of the judiciary through the effective work of judges through the “prism” of courtroom auxiliaries is the primary purpose of this article.

Roman Catholic Government and Mission to Tibet: A Historical and Theological Study

In this article I consider the administration of the Roman Catholic Church mission to Tibet in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. After summarizing the main events of this mission, I focus on the juridical-political aspects of the government (i.e., administration) of mission. I contribute to the understanding of the history of mission to Tibet by addressing administration in theological terms. I show that government in the history of mission to Tibet cannot be seen merely through the lens of politics (bureaucracy, etc.) but as an activity that is a significant element in the economy of salvation.

An Assessment of the Managerial Skills and Professional Development Needs of Private Catholic Secondary School Administrators in Bangkok, Thailand

The knowledge and ability of the individuals in a managerial position are to fulfill some specific management activities or tasks. Managerial skills are important for many reasons. Being a manager in an educational setting is a position to act as an effective leader and problem-solver in many simple and complex situations. However, in Thailand, it was observed that some managerial skills need to improve their skills. School managers should strengthen and develop to manage effectively and efficiently. This mixed research surveyed the managerial skills of the school administrators in terms of conceptual skills, human skills, and technical skills in selected private catholic secondary schools in Bangkok, Thailand. The respondents self-assessed their managerial skills in the form of a checklist, and to validate the results, interviews were conducted to determine the professional development needs according to the lowest items assessed by the school administrators. A questionnaire anchored on Robert Katz’s theory of managerial skills and developed by Goodarzi (2002) was used to gather data. With regards to the assessment of managerial skills’ practice of the school administrators, most of them assessed themselves as very good in terms of conceptual skills, human skills, and technical skills. The professional development needs of the private catholic school administrators in terms of conceptual skills are the identification of informal organization, articulation of strategy, and ability of prediction. On the other hand, school administrators need training in controlling conflict, report generation, and official correspondence in terms of human skills. Finally, they need professional development in financial management, computer skill, and marketing in terms of technical skills.

Early vs Late Use of Anti-TNFa Therapy in Adult Patients With Crohn Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

While anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFa) therapies for Crohn disease (CD) were initially introduced in 1998 for biologic therapies are often introduced after a minimum of 6 years after diagnosis. The benefit of anti-TNFa early in the course of CD is still controversial, with some studies showing better outcomes but others not. To determine whether earlier introduction of anti-TNFa therapy improves efficacy in clinical trials or clinical series, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis comparing early vs late anti-TNFa use in the management of CD. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus was conducted from each database's inception to November 3, 2019. We included comparative studies of early vs late use of anti-TNFa therapy in adult patients with CD. Eleven studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 2501 patients. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the early use of anti-TNFa was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the need for surgery (relative risk [RR] = 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.69; I2 = 68%) and disease progression (RR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35-0.75; I2 = 61%). Early use also showed an increase in early remission (RR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.54-2.46; I2 = 0%) and clinical response. There was no statistically significant difference in achieving late remission (RR = 1.39; 95% CI, 0.94-2.05; I2 = 65%) or mucosal healing (RR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.63-1.91; I2 = 0%). This systematic review suggests that using anti-TNFa earlier in the treatment of CD (within 3 years) may improve clinical outcomes compared to late administration in terms of achieving early clinical remission, clinical response, disease progression, and the need for surgery.

Morphine plasmatic concentration in a pregnant mare and its foal after long term epidural administration

BackgroundEpidural administration of morphine has been shown to be an effective analgesic strategy in horses; however, the possible occurrence of side effects limits its usage. In order to decrease their frequency, it is important to target the minimal effective plasma concentration and avoid overdosing. As to date species-specific pharmacokinetics data are not available for epidural morphine, the dosing regimen is usually established on the basis of clinical reports and personal experience. In certain physiological conditions, like gestation, the outcome of an empirical dosing scheme can be unpredictable. The aim of this case report is to describe the pharmacological profile of morphine and its metabolites after prolonged epidural administration in a pregnant mare and her foal.Case presentationA 20 years old pregnant mare was presented to our hospital because of severe lameness, 2 months before delivery. Following an ineffective systemic pain treatment, an epidural catheter was inserted and morphine administered (initial dose 0.1 mg/kg every 8 h). Due to its efficacy in controlling pain, it was continued until end of gestation. Plasmatic concentration of morphine and its metabolites were assessed in the mare 6 weeks after starting the treatment, and in both the mare and foal during the first days after delivery. Plasmatic values similar to those previously reported in the literature following morphine short term administration through various routes and not accompanied by side effects were found in the mare, except during an excitatory period. Moreover, no evidence of dangerous drug accumulation or significant milk passage was noticed in the foal. Mild reduction of feces production with no signs of colic and two self-limiting episodes of excitement occurred during treatment in the mare. No side effects occurred during gestation and first phases of life in the foal.ConclusionProlonged epidural administration of morphine in a pregnant mare allowed good pain control in absence of clinically relevant side effects, in both the mare and her foal. Sudden increase in morphine plasmatic concentration can occur and side effects appear; careful treatment to the lowest effective dose and continuous monitoring of the clinical condition of the treated horse should be performed.

Issues of economic security and public administration in terms of Russia's economic security strategy

Issues of economic security and public administration in terms of Russia's economic security strategy

Progesterone Affects Clinic Oocyte Yields by Coordinating with FSH <i>via</i> the PI3K/AKT and MAPK Pathways

Background : Over recent years, progestin has been incorporated into the novel ovary stimulation regimens as an alternative for GnRH analogs to prevent premature luteinizing hormone surge, and has become widely used in treatment for infertility. However, the influence of progesterone administration in terms of clinical outcomes and the mechanisms involved remains poorly understood. Methods: The clinic outcomes from patients undergoing ovary stimulation for in vitro fertilization were analyzed. The mouse ovary stimulation model and follicle culture system were used to evaluate the effect of progesterone on oocyte yield, follicle development, granulosa cell proliferation, hormone secretion. Phospho-Specific Protein Microarray, western blot and RT-PCR were employed to explored the signal mechanism. Findings: We present the evidence from patients suggesting that progesterone decreased the oocyte yields, that was rescued by the higher dose of human menopausal gonadotropin. Using both in vivo and in vitro mouse models, we demonstrated that the administration of progesterone inhibited the proliferation of granulosa cells and therefore reduced the growth rate of follicles. The action of progesterone was mediated by progesterone receptor membrane component-1 and rescued by FSH. Using a phosphorylation array, we identified the PI3K/AKT and MAPK are pivotal pathways that integrated the action of progesterone into the FSH signaling network via the downregulation of cyclin D2 and c-fos in granulosa cells. Interpretation: Our findings highlight the mechanism by which progesterone coordinates with FSH to regulate follicle growth and subsequently influence oocyte outcomes in clinic. These findings advance our understanding of the alterations of ovary response to gonadotrophins during progestin primed ovarian stimulation and gives rise to the opportunity for manipulating individual oocyte yields by signaling regulation. Funding Statement: This study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant number 19ZR1429300, awarded to HL), research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 81871163, awarded to QL; Grant number 81771533, awarded to YK; Grant number 81671520, awarded to QC), and the National Key Project (Grant number 2018YFC1003000). Declaration of Interests: The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists. Ethics Approval Statement: Approval for human retrospective analysis was obtained from the institutional Ethics Committee of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University’s School of Medicine. Animal studies were approved by the institutional Ethics Committees of Care and Use of Experimental Animals of Shanghai Jiaotong University.

Technology and Social Media Usage in Higher Education: The Influence of Individual Innovativeness

This article presents a two-phase study exploring the usage of technology in higher education as well as the role of the general innovativeness in predicting the actual use of technology. During the first phase of the study, which involved 502 staff members, a descriptive analysis of their usage of social media, technological devices, and Microsoft Office 365 cloud services was performed, with various demographic variables being considered. During the second phase, which involved a subsample of 106 staff members, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine a model in which the general innovativeness and the demographic variables acted as predictors of the actualized innovativeness. The results showed that the staff used social media, devices, and cloud services quite satisfactorily. The examination of their user profiles revealed that there were significant differences among the staff members on the basis of their demographic variables, especially their gender, job type, and discipline. The results of the SEM showed that the general innovativeness contributed positively, as was expected, to predicting the adoption of devices, non-academic social networking sites and Office 365 cloud services. The results further suggested that males were early adopters of devices, while academics were early adopters of commercial services and academic social networking sites. However, the academics appeared to lag behind the administrators in terms of adopting Office 365 cloud services. The implications of the study and directions for future research are also presented.

Еволюція гендерних стереотипів відповідно до типів держави, відносин влади, домінування

The ways of improving gender stereotypes in the public administration system according to the types of the state, relations of power, domination and more are traced. In the course of the study of gender stereotypes, relations of the sexes in the public service and in the society in general, the following dynamics were observed. Analyzing the scientific literature, it has emerged that the comparative characteristics of different models of gender equality policy traditionally take into account predominantly the existing models of the state types, power relations and domination. Accordingly, the aim is to investigate the analysis of the types of societies, namely: anthropocentric and sociocentric within the framework of the socio-cultural approach. Analyzing the literature, it is concluded that the comparative characteristics of different models of gender equality policy traditionally take into account predominantly the existing models of the state types, power relations and domination. Accordingly, an analysis of the types of the societies: anthropocentric and sociocentric within the sociocultural approach, should be added to this. The analysis is based on the practical solution of the gender imbalances in the system of the state administration, public service and public management in terms of the anthropocentric paradigm of the scientific knowledge. Because, in the system of the public administration, from the point of view of gender equality and eradication of the gender stereotypes, the idea of human- centrism as an anthropological basis of governance should lie. Its application helps to make the legal, political, social, economic institutions oriented towards the individual. Because a person, an individual, regardless of gender, is the focal point of managing all the social processes. That is why the study and implementation of the idea of human-centrism must underlie all the socio-political, state, economic, social, etc. social relations.

Toxicological evaluation of Sargassum Wightii greville derived fucoidan in wistar rats: Haematological, biochemical and histopathological evidences

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the acute and subacute toxicity profile of fucoidan obtained from Sargassum wightii Greville, a brown marine algae in order to assess its safety. MethodsFucoidan was isolated from Sargassum wightii Greviile and subjected to FTIR analysis to confirm the functional groups. In acute toxicity study, a single dose of fucoidan (2000 mg/kg) was orally administered to three female rats as per OECD guideline 423. OECD guidelines 407 was adopted for subacute toxicity study. Fucoidan was orally administered to male and female rats at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were carried out. ResultsFTIR analysis confirmed the presence of major functional groups. The animals did not show any remarkable toxic signs or mortality in acute toxicity study at single oral administration of fucoidan at the dose of 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. In subacute toxicity, no statistically significant difference in body weight, relative weight of vital organs, food and water intake compared to the control group was observed. Serum glucose and cholesterol showed a statistically significant reduction at all the doses when compared to normal control and the reduction was in a dose dependent manner. There were no other changes observed in biochemical or haematological parameters. Histopathological analysis showed no significant toxic signs at organ levels in treated groups when compared to normal control. ConclusionsBased on the results obtained from acute and subacute toxicity study, fucoidan is considered to be safe in the models tested, which encourages its long term administration for medicinal uses. This study supports the application of fucoidan as a traditional medicine.

Apoptotic Effect of Long-term Administration of Antidepressant Duloxetine on the Tongue of Albino Rats: Histological and Immuno-histochemical Study

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common causes of loss of health and productivity and inability to work. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) is an antidepressant drug that belongs to the class of Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), which is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). In addition, this class is used for the treatment of anxiety disorders. One of the members of the bcl-2 family is the BAX (BCL2 Associated X, Apoptosis Regulator) and it has a key role in the mitochondrial apoptotic process. Under stress conditions, Bax undergoes a conformation change that triggers apoptosis. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the possible impact of long term administration of antidepressant duloxetine on the oral mucosa and salivary glands in tongue. Material & methods: Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into two equal groups. Group one served as control group. Group two served as treated group which received duloxetine dissolved in distilled water in a daily oral dose of 10 mg/kg body weight using a curved metallic oro-pharyngeal tube. At the end of the experiment which lasted for three months, the rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate histopathological finding. Masson’ trichrome for collagen detection. Other sections were used to reveal the immuno-histochemical expression of Bax antibodies through computerized image j analysis software. The expression of the marker was analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney test. Results: Histopathological finding of long term administration of duloxetine treated animals showed noticeable atrophic and degenerative changes in the surface epithelium and lamina propria of both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tongue as well as the lingual salivary gland. Immuno-histochemical finding revealed marked increase in the expression of Bax all over the epithelial cells as well as fibroblast, blood vessels and the lingual salivary glands in the lamina propria. Statistical finding in duloxetine treated animals showed highly significant difference in the expression of Bax. Conclusion: Although duloxetine being useful drug in treatment depression, anxiety and severe pain, it harmfully affected the histological structure of oral mucosa and salivary glands of the tongue in adult rats. Accordingly using of these drugs should be under supervision and strong caution.

Histological and immunohistochemical study on the effect of valporic acid on the bone of adult male guinea pigs and the possible protective role of L-carnitine

Background: Valporic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug and is effective in the treatment of different types of epileptic seizures. It usually affects bone and mineral metabolism and increase the risk of fractures due to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Among dietary supplements, L-carnitine is an emergic candidate with potential bone protective effects. It promotes energy utilization and is important for tissues with high energy requirements.Objective: The target of this work is to estimate the effect of valproic acid on the femur and the possible protective effect of L-carnitine administration in adult male guinea pigs.Materials & Methods: Forty adult male guinea pigs were utilized in the current study. The guinea pigs were divided into four groups, Group I (control group), Group II(L-carnitine treated group), Group III (Valporic acid treated group) and Group IV (L-carnitine and valporic acid treated group). After 10 weeks, the upper parts of femur were processed for histological, morphological and immunohistochemical studies.Results: Valporic acid treated group was associated with enhanced bone turnover as evident by a significant change in serum levels of calcium, osteocalcin and TRAP. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in trabecular and cortical bone thickness and a significant change in the mean number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Histologically, evidence of bone resorption was manifested in the femoral bone with resorption cavities, irregular endosteal surface. Decrease of collagen in the cortical bone was evident in trichrome-stained sections. Immunohistochemically, this group showed positive immunoreactivity for caspase-3 in osteocytes and decrease in osteopontin expression in bone matrix. L-carnitine supplementation with valporic acid in group IV has ameliorating effect on the histological abnormalities of bone.Conclusion: L-carnitine improved the biochemical, histological and morphometric changes induced by VPA, and therefore, there is a potential benefit in using L-carnitine with long term administration of valporic acid.

Fiatalkori hydantion terápia okozta ínyfibrózis kombinált parodontális sebészi-ortodonciai kezelése - Esetismertetés és irodalmi összefoglalás

A közlemény célja bemutatni egy hidantoin származékkal kezelt 14 éves kislány súlyos ínyhiperpláziás esetét, teljeskörű parodontális és fogszabályozó kezelésének menetét és eredményét, valamint áttekinteni a gyógyszer okozta ínymegnagyobbodások feltételezett patomechanizmusának irodalmát.Az ínymegnagyobbodás gyakori mellékhatása több krónikusan alkalmazott gyógyszernek. Korábban gyakori volt epi-lepsziás gyermekek hidantoin származékok okozta fibrotikus ínymegnagyobbodása, viszont a terápiás protokollok változása következtében az utóbbi években már alig találkozhatunk ilyen fiatal epilepsziás pácienssel. Ezért tartjuk érdemesnek egy hidantoin származékkal kezelt epilepsziás kislány esetének bemutatását, ahol a közel 6 éves komplex parodontális és fogszabályozó kezeléssel sikerült visszaadni a kislány életkedvét, önbecsülését és javítani pszichés állapotát.Esetismertetés: Egy 14 éves epilepsziás leánygyermek 2013-ban jelentkezett súlyos, mind a két állcsontra kiterjedő, homogén, fibrotikus ínymegnagyobbodással. A nagyrohamos epilepszia miatt a gyermek nyolcéves kora óta szedett hidantoin származékokat. A jelentős ínyduzzanat korlátozta a fogak előtörését, jelentős fonációs zavart okozott, valamint lelkileg is megterhelte a kis pácienst. Helyi érzéstelenítésben a maxilla frontális szextánsában, apicálisan elcsúsztatott lebenytechnikával laterálisan, illetve a mandibulán belső fordított gingivectómiával több lépésben távolítottuk el a fibrotikus ínytömeget. Mivel a megnagyobbodott íny jelentős mértékben zavarta a fogak előtörését, és a gyermeknek Angle II típusú szkeletális ortodonciai rendellenessége volt, a sebészi fázist követően a két felső caninus buccalis ektópiás pozícióját bimaxilláris direktbond készülékkel korrigáltuk, és közel hároméves fogszabályozó kezelést követően, az akkor már 19. életévébe lépő fiatal fogászati-parodontális státusa, okklúziója teljesen rendeződött.

The quality of tax administration in terms of digitalization of the economy: International practices

The quality of tax administration in terms of digitalization of the economy: International practices