Table tennis carries a unique mission of cross-cultural communication. In 1971, the "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" with the strategic wisdom of "a small ball turning a big ball" set a classic model for sports public diplomacy. As a carrier of national cultural symbols, the international communication of table tennis should rely on major events to tell the table tennis story to achieve presentation and Presentation. As a key for event communication, in table tennis events, is driven by the synergy of three-dimensional elements: "competitive core + technological extension + commercial drive". Specifically, through the organic combination of visual and auditory elements and the flexible transformation of the field, the cross-cultural communication of table tennis can be carried out more vividly. This paper adopts two research methods. First, by comparing the sports presentation announcement scripts of major table tennis events in the past five years, we analyze them from three aspects: text content, discourse form, and discourse interaction. In addition, we randomly selected 100 viewers of major table tennis events for a questionnaire survey, focusing on: 1. the sense of ceremony through event lighting design, 2. The increase of immersion through the creation of event fields 3. The event information dissemination through bilingual broadcasting 4. The display of athletes' styles in event 5. The cultural performances are interspersed in events on cultural communication. Through the survey, it was found that the ritual empowerment of lighting design, the event spotlight system and dynamic score effects significantly enhance the sense of ceremony, and 78% of the respondents believe that lighting changes can effectively enhance the immersion of watching the game; multi-modal spatial narrative, large screens and mobile camera positions increase the density of visual focus, especially in mixed doubles events across countriesulti-dimensional perspectives significantly enhance cultural dialogue. Conclusion/ Discussion: There are multiple bottlenecks in the international dissemination of table tennis events. At the channel level, there is a reliance on traditional media, with insufficient development of emerging platforms such as short videos and the metaverse, which limits audience coverage. In terms of content production, there is an emphasis on competitive results, lacking cultural symbols. The application of technology and the interaction design show a one-way communication feature. In international communication, table tennis will serve as an important carrier for cultural exchange, promoting cultural dialogue and interaction among different countries and regions.

Currently, China's economy is undergoing industrial transformation, accompanied by the vigorous development of sporting events. The Chinese government has elevated its emphasis on sports events to a new stage, making research on their regional economic stimulation effects increasingly urgent. This paper adopts a multi-case comparative analysis method, focusing on the emerging tennis events in China in recent years to explore their economic impact. Through four key dimensions—clarification of event branding, optimization of business models and revenue pathways, enhancement of spectator experience and engagement, and long-term investment with industrial chain extension—the study examines how sports events can boost regional economies. A comparative analysis of the China Open and the Rolex Shanghai Masters reveals distinct differences in event culture and branding styles, which contribute to varying economic impacts. To sustain the positive influence of sports events on regional economies, future events must develop more distinctive branding, avoid homogenized competition, and enhance attractiveness through differentiated features. This research holds significant theoretical value, filling gaps in both domestic and international frameworks on the economic effects of sports events. It provides targeted recommendations for local policymakers and event organizers.

As a sport widely played around the world, the fairness and enjoyment of table tennis competitions have received increasing attention. Traditional table tennis referees rely on manual judgment, which has problems such as strong subjectivity and high misjudgment rate. Therefore, this study combines the background subtraction method and the Kalman filtering algorithm. It processes missing images in videos to propose a motion object detection and motion estimation model for table tennis events. The test results showed that the average loss value of the model was only 0.33, the average detection accuracy in the 20-category data set was 0.94, and the average detection time was 103.9 ms. In the simulation test, the model achieved the best trajectory prediction accuracy in both complete video images and partially missing information video images. The maximum difference in horizontal and vertical directions was 10.7 and 4.3 pixels, respectively, and the maximum error in three-dimensional coordinates was (3.3, 2.8, 2.1). The table tennis target detection and motion estimation model has high detection accuracy and stability, providing new ideas and methods for the development of electronic referee systems in table tennis competitions.

This study explores the rise of tennis tourism, examining the motivations, experiences, and economic impact of fans who travel to attend tennis events. Through a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative survey and qualitative interviews, the study identifies three primary motivations for tennis tourism: the prestige of attending tournaments, emotional connections to prominent players, and the desire for cultural engagement in host cities. Results indicate that fans value not only the sport but also the unique atmosphere of the venues and opportunities for player interaction. Economic analysis reveals that tennis tourists contribute substantially to local economies through spending on accommodations, dining, and entertainment. This study highlights tennis tourism as a growing segment of the sports tourism industry and the unique characteristics of tennis fans, their travel patterns, and the economic implications of their participation in tennis events.

Currently, amateur tennis events are developing rapidly, and the trust system has become a common rule, integrating considerations of entertainment, fitness, and cost control. However, human-centered trust system rules still face some controversy, and there is limited specialized research on the topic. This study explores amateur tennis players' perceptions of the trust system rules. Using focus group discussions and interviews, we collected semi-structured interview data from 23 participants in tennis events. Based on grounded theory and the perceptual cycle model (PCM) framework, we developed a theoretical model of the tennis trust system and a model of the operational mechanism of the tennis trust system. Based on the grounded theory model results, four main factors influencing the tennis trust system were identified: interest orientation, information acquisition and judgment, communication and interaction, and development strategies. The operational mechanism model based on the PCM framework explains that the functioning of the tennis trust system includes five stages: foundation stage, trust-based emergence stage, monitor and detect stage, anticipate and respond stage, and development improvement stage. Among these stages, the anticipate and respond stage is crucial for the effectiveness of the trust system and is also the stage most prone to controversy. To address this, we propose targeted improvements to enhance the fairness of the tennis trust system and meet the needs of amateur tennis events.

In tennis, it is very important to catch the direction and trend of the match when the score happens. This paper aims to establish a mathematical model to predict the dynamic change of match progress and the appearance of match points, and explain the role of "momentum" in the match. By mining the real-time match data of 2023 Wimbledon Tennis Open, based on Hopfield neural network and entropy weight method, the technical level, psychological pressure and fatigue level of players in the match are selected as the influencing factors, and the mathematical model between the "momentum" of players and the change of the match flow is established, and the change of the match schedule can be predicted more accurately. The change of momentum may affect the motivation of players, and the choice of a reasonable strategy may be a magic weapon to win the match. It is hoped that this can help the pre-competition training of tennis players and promote the vigorous development of tennis events.

This study uncovers insider perspectives on the COVID‐19 pandemic’s impact from four senior management and organizers of two global tennis tournaments. The events are Wimbledon and the Queen’s Club Championship; both annually recurring tennis tournaments played on grass in London, UK. Using an “elite event interviewing” approach, data were collected through semistructured interviews. The interviews were thematically analyzed, and four primary themes emerged from the data. These themes were (i) responding to the initial impact of the global pandemic on tennis events, (ii) planning and preparedness for the ongoing issues facing event organizers, (iii) pandemic implications for other tennis event stakeholders including sponsors, employees and suppliers, and (iv) prevention and learning from the pandemic to help ensure the prosperity of future events. Managerial implications and areas of future research are highlighted, followed by holistic recommendations for event organizers to help better plan, prepare, and prevent future crises and disasters.

This research, based on a case study, aims to examine the contributions of the Millennium Estoril Open, a tennis event (ATP 250), to enhance and promote the Cascais destination brand. To such end, an empirical study was conducted in the 2019 edition, using a mixed data collection methodology through the application of questionnaires to spectators, interviews with stakeholders, and direct observation at the event. Results suggest that this event contributes to enhancing the destination brand, despite the identification of some limitations. The contribution of this sport event to the enhancement of the destination’s image cannot be dissociated from the portfolio of events promoted by the region and from its consistency and regularity.

Hawk-Eye technology, a continually innovating product of the science and technology sector, has undergone numerous optimizations and has become an indispensable component in various sports competitions. This paper employs methods such as the literature review and logical analysis. The literature review method systematically collects and organizes relevant studies to construct a research framework, while logical analysis assesses the effectiveness of Hawk-Eye technology in tennis competitions, specifically highlighting its advantages in accuracy and real-time feedback capabilities. This analysis aims to reveal both the strengths and potential shortcomings of its practical applications. The study concludes with meaningful insights and recommendations that provide robust theoretical support and references for the future development of tennis events, thereby fostering a higher level of technological advancement in tennis competitions.

With the extensive development of various tennis events, tennis is gradually gaining popularity among the masses in China. Many colleges and universities have also introduced specialized tennis courses. However, as the education system undergoes deepening reforms, the traditional teaching methods are no longer able to meet the demands of education. In light of this, we propose implementing the Two-Phase Teaching Method of "short tennis + standard tennis" in colleges and universities to cultivate students' interest in tennis, enhance the overall teaching quality of tennis, and promote its development in the academic setting.

Introduction: LPTK CUP strives to improve relationships and unity among LPTK (Lembaga Pendidikan Tenga Kependidikan) members. It achieves this by merging competitive elements with entertainment to promote a feeling of camaraderie and cooperation. Furthermore, LPTK CUP includes a range of sports competitions, including table tennis. Purpose: This study aims to comprehend the medical team's involvement in providing support during the table tennis event at LPTK CUP XII UM 2023. Method: The medical team is crucial in delivering general and specialized healthcare services (for sports injuries) throughout the table tennis competition at LPTK CUP XXI UM 2023. Additionally, various approaches are employed in this event, including 1) Acquiring Medical Equipment, 2) Collaborating with Relevant Entities, 3) Arranging the Placement of the Medical Team, 4) Conducting Screening and Medical Services, and 4occurredviding Health Education. Result: Most table tennis participants are less than 50 years old. Several injuries occur during the match, namely Abrasion, Shoulder Sprain, and Ankle Sprain. The injury management provided is based on the Rice Method for sports injuries.

In France during the 1930s, sports leisure activities were progressively expanding. Table tennis experienced a surge of popularity in 1932–1933, in particular in the back rooms of drinking establishments. Yet from 1934, there was a dip in the number of spectators attending table tennis events, in its practice in clubs, in articles about it in the press, and in the market for table tennis gear. This study analyses whether this indicated a true decline in the sport or if the picture was more complex, reflecting differences between institutional sport and recreational leisure activities, as well as an effect of the press contributing to the lower visibility of table tennis.

In China, table tennis has always been one of the most popular sports, with small field restrictions and it is simple and fun to play. But what is unknown is that with China’s major table tennis events thriving, the psychological pressure of table tennis players’ training is also increasing. However, the existing training methods obviously do not pay enough attention to psychological training, and there is no complete system for psychological training. Although the current dynamic heart rate measurement method can play a certain role in the detection, there is still the disadvantage of low detection accuracy. The heart rate is an important sign of life, and the monitoring of the heart rate of table tennis players should be strengthened, reflecting the functional state of the athletes’ heart, and facilitating the more intuitive adjustment of the psychological training method of athletes. The heart rate measurement method based on face recognition contains a plate content that is rich. Through deep learning face recognition, the heart rate measurement method has high calculation efficiency, can effectively eliminate the influence of other external environmental factors, can use video recording, and can use face recognition and physiological parameters’ quantification to monitor athletes’ heart rate changes in real time; the visible artificial intelligence auxiliary diagnosis potential is huge. To this end, this paper aims to provide effective suggestions for the psychological training of table tennis players with deep learning as the technical support. In response to this, the aim of this paper was to design a deep learning-based face recognition heart rate measurement method that judges the psychological fluctuations of athletes through changes in heart rate. We conducted a questionnaire survey with the table tennis players of the Hunan team as the object of investigation, so as to understand the source of the psychological pressure of athletes and make reasonable suggestions. The experimental results of this paper show that the heart rate error of the video heart rate measurement algorithm is within 3% in the calm state and within 4% in the post-exercise state. This can effectively measure psychological fluctuations, and through investigation and research, it can provide an effective method for the psychological training of table tennis players.

Soft tennis has four major international events, and to date, 29 official international events have been held. During this period, 576 medals have been awarded. In this study, a two-stage analysis was conducted to explore the factors that contribute to the awarding of medals. Due to the highly skewed distribution of medals, decision tree induction was employed. First, five potential variables were examined for the 10 countries that have experienced medal awards. The results showed that the "Host" effect is not a factor for winning medals, but just a norm of international soft tennis events due to the data bias caused by the extreme concentration of host countries among top four. On the other hand, we found that participation in at least 16 international events is necessary to win a medal. An interesting result for Chinese Taipei (CTP) was found that whether the court surface type is “Hard” or not was a contributing factor for winning more medals. In the second step, we examined the distribution of gold medals for the top four countries which have experienced gold medal awards. The results showed that South Korea (KOR) has won more gold medals on clay courts, and CTP on hard courts than the other courts, respectively. This study determines the effect of court surfaces on winning medals at a national level. It was also found that KOR has won more gold medals at the World Championships and Asian Games than at the other international events. Japan, on the other hand, has won more gold medals at the Asian Championships.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tennis is a competitive sport endowed with subtle movements, sophisticated and changeable techniques and tactics, and intense confrontation. It has high demands on the athlete's physical and psychological qualities. To win high-level professional tennis events, in addition to basic skills, comprehensive technical and tactical abilities, stable psychological quality, and flexible and innovative thinking, tennis players must also have exceptional physical fitness. Objective: Study the index system for evaluating the sport-specific skills of tennis athletes. Methods: 30 youth tennis training athletes were selected. Research methods such as literature, expert interview, questionnaire, and mathematical statistics were used to construct the fitness evaluation index of Chinese professional tennis players. Results: Professional tennis players’ specific fitness assessment indexes include one first-level index, 14 second-level indexes, and 23 three-item indexes. Conclusion: Young athletes must strengthen their agile attack speed, explosive strength, core strength, and coordination. The individual indicators are weighted according to individual standards of physical training level. Thus, the five first-level indicators and specific fitness standards are established in this paper. The results of this research have guiding significance for the formulation and implementation of further tennis education and training plans. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

The purpose of the research was to construct a model that could forecast the probability of winning in the case of Novak Djokovic in the men’s singles grand slam event of the Australian Open and to determine the relative relevance of the match data that contribute to victory. A total number of 147 matches were recorded for all nine years i.e., from 2013 to 2021, from the first round to the exit round over the years. One of the few assumptions in logistic regression is that the dependent variable must be binary in nature. Therefore, the dependent variable selected for this study was Match Outcome (Win/Loss). Ace, (DF) Double Fault, (FS) First Serve, (FSPW) first serve point win, (SSPW) second serve point win, (BPC) Breakpoint converted, and (TPW) Total point win were selected as the predictor variables. All the data were collected from ATP world tour.com. In order to accomplish the goals of the research, the only matches that Novak Djokovic competed in during the Grand Slam AO (Australian Open), were analyzed. The prediction of the likelihood of Mr. Novak Djokovic winning or losing in the men’s singles Australian open grand slam by fitting the logistic regression model. According to the statistical significance of the predictor variables, they were numerically weighted and can be used to predict the match outcome. Out of seven predictor variables, only the variable Breakpoint Converted was included in the prediction model with a coefficient of determination (R2) of.424 (Cox & Snell) and .588 (Nagelkerke). The case adds seven independent variables and one dependent binary logistic variable for all the Australian Open Grand slam matches played from 2013 to 2021. The given result of it verifies conclusive evidence that the prediction fits quite well as it classifies an 88.9% winning probability.

ABSTRACT Although the concept of market demand has been extensively examined in the literature, most scholarly efforts have been devoted to understanding men’s spectator sports. There is scant research that investigates market demand for women’s spectator sports with a focus on gender dynamics. This study sought to fill that gap through developing a formative–formative hierarchical component model of core and peripheral market demand for a women’s professional tennis event (the Wuhan Open) and examining their differing impacts on future attendance intentions based on gender. Results derived from the importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) indicated that the most important core market demand components were player quality and economic consideration. However, only women considered game schedule important, while only men deemed venue characteristics and peripheral services important. Our study highlights the necessity and merits of deciphering market demand for women’s spectator sports in a more nuanced manner and contributes to the growing marketing literature on women’s sports fandom. Managerially, we offer practical implications per the IPMA for more effective and efficient integration of marketing initiatives.

The 2021 Australian Open was like no other previous edition of the Grand Slam tennis event. Australia had virtually closed its borders due to the COVID-19 pandemic and had cut itself off from the rest of the world. Accordingly, this global event was not met with the usual enthusiasm from locals, who instead were concerned that it could increase the transmission of COVID-19 in the community. By drawing on the theories of Norbert Elias (1976, 1978) this analysis interprets the complex, evolving, dynamic environment in which the 2021 Australian Open was held. We also attempt to understand how COVID-19 intensified the ways in which Melburnians identified with and related to each other through shared experiences, and how those who displayed characteristics that did not align with their experiences and beliefs, including some of the international tennis players arriving for the Australian Open, were considered ‘outsiders,’ in constant tension with ‘insiders.’

Professional tennis tournaments have onsite sports medicine physicians who oversee the athletes' overall health during competition, including musculoskeletal injury and general illnesses. The medical team is composed of orthopedic and non-operative sports medicine physicians. Frequently, the tournament doctors require imaging to localize and grade musculoskeletal injuries and to make decisions regarding treatment, safe training, and return to match play. The most versatile and readily available imaging modality to evaluate for acute musculoskeletal injury is point-of-care ultrasonography. In 2015, a dedicated radiology service was createdat the US Openby bringing in a musculoskeletal radiologist who would perform ultrasounds in a formal and consistent manner. In addition, the radiologist was tasked with onsite radiography as well as review of all MRI examinations done at the imaging center. This article describes how this radiology service was implemented, what types of studies were performed and the advantages of having an onsite musculoskeletal radiologist at the tournament. This service allowed the medical team to provide the comprehensive and efficient medical care required in a major professional tennis event. It also showed the value of having the in-person expertise of the musculoskeletal radiologist in the sports medicine team. This same model could be applied to other professional sporting events.

ABSTRACT Research Question An athletes’ social media following is a proxy of their popularity and a key metric for brand monetization. Yet, how a following can be grown strategically remains unclear. This research investigates the effects of newly formed brand networks on athlete follower growth during a non-league event with representative teams. We used the sport brand ecosystem framework and examined athlete-related, event-related, and brand-networking-related factors as determinants of follower growth on Instagram. Research Methods We collected longitudinal behavioral data, namely social media following and tagging behavior of athletes in the context of Laver Cup, an elite men’s team tennis event. A sociogram was used to visualize brand networking of athletes and the event. The hypotheses were tested using a multiple linear regression with a wild-cluster bootstrap-SE. Results and Findings Results indicated that the pre-existing size of an athlete’s following and brand networking with athletes’ and the event’s brands through the user tagging function predicted follower growth. This highlights the impact of exposure on social media during an event and the value of brand networking as a brand-building strategy for athletes. Implications The findings contribute knowledge on athletes’ vertical and horizontal brand relationships. The study uncovers coopetitive relationships between athlete brands and shows that new brand networks, visible through social media user tagging, spur athlete brand growth. To practitioners, this demonstrates that events enable athletes to strengthen their social media brands, which can be amplified through athletes’ large pre-existing social media following and strategic collaborations with other athletes.