Temporomandibular Joint Luxation Research Articles

Etiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of temporomandibular joint luxation in cats: 21 cases (2000-2018).

This study was performed to report etiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation in 21 cats (2000-2018). TMJ luxation was diagnosed by either dental radiography or computed tomography (CT). Causes for TMJ luxation included altercation with a dog (38%), hit-by-car (19%), unknown (19%), fall (19%), and ran into inanimate object (5%). The most common complication was development of permanent malocclusion (24%), followed by reduced vertical mandibular range of motion (5%). Reduction of TMJ luxation was successful in 94.7% of the cases. Reduction of the TMJ luxation was significantly associated with time from injury to treatment. No other significant associations were observed between cause of injury, type of TMJ stabilization, and outcome. TMJ luxation in cats carries an excellent prognosis with early joint reduction and supportive care. Concurrent dental trauma and maxillofacial injuries are common, and all patients with head trauma must be stabilized and evaluated with a thorough examination.

Causes and treatment of temporomandibular luxation—a retrospective analysis of 260 patients

ObjectivesWe aimed to clarify the etiology, diagnostic process, and treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation, as the standard care is mainly based on case-reports and systematic studies are lacking. The hypotheses were that luxation occurs spontaneously, recurrence manifests particularly among geriatric patients, and surgery is needed infrequently.Patients and materialsA retrospective study of TMJ luxation patients (n = 260) from 2007 to 2020 was designed and implemented. The primary outcome was type of TMJ luxation (i.e., recurrent or non-recurrent), and secondary outcomes were the need for and type of surgical intervention. Predictor variables comprised age, sex, presence of neurological condition, and mechanism of luxation. Administered treatment and clinical outcomes were recorded.ResultsOf luxation, 61.9% was recurrent and 40.0% due to spontaneous cause. Only 1.9% of patients underwent surgical intervention. The presence of neurological condition caused a 1.34-fold risk for recurrence of luxation and general condition a 1.57-fold risk.ConclusionsTMJ luxation is often recurrent, bilateral, and spontaneous. Recurrent luxation is associated with geriatric and neurological conditions, and in this group recurrent TMJ luxation predicted death.Clinical relevanceOur findings contribute to more effective diagnostics and treatment of TMJ luxation patients. We show that there is a need to standardize diagnostic measures and treatment patterns. Moreover, collaboration with other specialities, especially neurology and geriatrics, is important.

Clinical Application of CAD/CAM-Guided Modified Dautrey's Procedure in Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Luxation.

This study aimed to introduce the clinical application of the CAD/CAM-guided modified Dautrey's procedure in recurrent anterior temporomandibular joint luxation and evaluate its clinical effects. Four selected patients were treated by the CAD/CAM-guided modified Dautrey's procedure and were followed-up to access their curative effect. Joint pain and sound, recurrence rate, mandibular function, maximum mouth opening (MMO), symptoms of facial nerve injury, and changes in zygomatic facial appearance were observed in postoperative follow-up. The followed-up period ranged from 3 months to 1 year with an average time of 7.5 months. There was no recurrence in all 4 patients, and no symptoms of facial nerve injury and zygomaticofacial appearance changes were found. All patients showed improvement in MMO, with a mean preoperative and postoperative MMO of 4.74 and 3.74cm, respectively. All of them showed relief of joint pain or sound 3 months or more after the operation and could exercise mandibular normally. This results showed that the CAD/CAM-guided modified Dautrey's procedure was effective in the treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint luxation and could be used as a good alternative treatment for it.

Temporo-mandibular joint luxation and its management in a cat

Temporo-mandibular joint luxation and its management in a cat

Bilateral rostral temporomandibular luxation with bilateral coronoid fracture in a Welsh pony

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation in the horse is a rare condition. There are few reports of unilateral luxation with successful reduction; bilateral luxation with concurrent bilateral coronoid fracture has not...

A temporomandibuláris ízület és betegségeinek története

The history of studies related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) goes back to ancient times. Egyptian medical reports from thousands of years prove that sub-luxation of the jaw was realised as a pathological condition that required prompt treatment, which was described in all details. Great physicians of the ancient times Hippocrates and Galen discussed the TMJ too with the therapy of its luxation. In the Middle ages, Andre Vesalius demonstrated accurately the anatomical and functional properties of the joint together with its cartilage and the masticatory system. He was a scientific milestone with his academic lectures and publications. The conservative treatment of the TMJ luxation did not change since the ancient knacks that proved to be permanent and practised in modern medicine too. TMJ dysfunction as a specific disease published first James B. Costen in the 20th century. Later on, this disease got several names adjusted to specific causes responsible for the evolving condition. As a result of diagnostic development while searching for the origin of TMJ disorders and using new therapeutic solutions the internal damage of the joint can successfully be treated, although there are still emerging new problems to be solved in the future.

Management of Habitual Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation by Eminectomy

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation(luxation) occurs when the condyle moves out of the glenoid fossa upon mouth opening and is locked anteriorly to the articular eminence. The dislocation leads to protective contraction or spasm of masticatory muscles, which reinforces the locked state, with or without pain. Usually, the episodes are triggered by any activities that lead to wide mouth opening such as yawning, laughing, and prolonged, excessive mouth opening during a dental or medical exam. It is a distressing and embarrassing situation for the patient. Repetitive dislocation of TMJ is defined as recurrent or habitual TMJ luxation. There are many treatment modalities available ranging from conservative approach to surgical approach. However, conservative approaches usually offer only a temporary solution and they have significant failure rate. Surgical approaches are available with varying degrees of success. Eminectomy is the most predictable surgical treatment for recurrent TMJ luxation. Herein, we report a case of a 47-year old male patient who was diagnosed with bilateral recurrent TMJ luxation that was successfully treated through bilateral eminectomy.

Treatment of Acquired Retrognathia Secondary to Infantile Temporomandibular Joint Luxation with Intraoral Vertico-Sagittal Ramus Osteotomy

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are under-diagnosed in pediatric patients, and infantile TMJ luxation is a very rare condition. Luxation early in life can cause skletofacial problems, such as retrognathia, if it is left untreated for a long time. It is well known that severe retrognathia is one of the most common causes of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

Mandibular temporary immobilization after closed reduction of TMJ luxation with use of surgical mask: technical note

The acute dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is usually reduced using the Hippocratic method/Nelaton maneuver. It is recommended the temporary immobilization of TMJ for pain relief and remission of the inflammatory process that affects the ligaments and articular capsule. This containment is traditionally made with cotton bands but difficult to find if this type of material in a dental office. We present a simple method of mandibular immobilization using disposable surgical mask. We believe it’s as effective as the traditional bandage, easily and quickly applied, cheaper and made with material that is readily available in dental offices. We are using this device for more than 15 years with excellent results and we recommend the use.Descriptors: Temporomandibular Joint; Fracture Fixation; Immobilization.

A Case of Temporomandibular Joint Luxation after Mandibulectomy that Presented During Mouth Opening in Computed Tomographic Planning for Radiotherapy

A Case of Temporomandibular Joint Luxation after Mandibulectomy that Presented During Mouth Opening in Computed Tomographic Planning for Radiotherapy

Advanced Parkinson's disease with cervical retroflexion participates in temporomandibular joint luxation

Advanced Parkinson's disease with cervical retroflexion participates in temporomandibular joint luxation

Bilateral platelet rich plasma injections with assisted techniques for temporomandibular joint disorders

Objectives. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are frequently encountered in the population. Pain is the most common complaint. TMJ luxation needs surgical treatment which has many risks. The objective of this study was to treat TMJ disorders with a minimal invasive method, platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection, instead of surgery. Methods. The study included 7 female patients aged 15 to 42 years. Three ml (2 ml into the joint capsule and 1 ml into the pericapsular region) injections were applied in both sides. Two sessions of injections were planned. Three months after the last injection, a questionnaire was carried out. Results. Six of the subjects underwent two injections, and one of them underwent only one injection. Verbal analogue scale score was 7.66±1.3 before the injections, 5.33±2 after the first injection, and 3.33±1.2 after the second injection. Pain decreased significantly after the first and more significantly after the second injection ( p =0.017 and p 0.05) and four at the second step ( p =0.017). Conclusions. Findings of our study indicate that PRP may be a useful technique for treatment of TMJ subluxations. The significant reduction in pain after either one or two injections suggests that it might be reasonable to investigate the efficacy and safety of this technique in larger study populations.

Eminectomy for Habitual Luxation of the Temporomandibular Joint with Sedation and Local Anesthesia: A Case Series.

Eminectomy which is one of the popular and most effective treatments for habitual temporomandibular joint luxation was first described by Myrhaug in 1951. There are few reports which described eminectomy being performed under local anesthesia and conscious sedation. We present a case series of habitual luxation of the TMJ treated by eminectomy performed under local anesthesia and conscious sedation and general anesthesia. Five patients were examined and found to have recurrent luxation of the TMJ. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 93 years. Bilateral eminectomy of the TMJ was performed for two patients, and unilateral eminectomy was performed for three patients. Two were examined under intravenous propofol sedation and local anesthesia, while three patients were examined under general anesthesia. One patient died from ileus one month after surgery. The follow-up period except for the case that died from ileus ranged from 12 to 33 months. No recurrent dislocation of the TMJ has been identified. Based on our experience and two other series in the literature, eminectomy with sedation and local anesthesia can be considered and might be a good option in elderly patients.

Recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint: a literature review and two case reports treated with eminectomy

Aims: Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a troublesome condition that occurs in a chronic or acute form. It is a distressing and highly embarrassing situation that may occur as a result of daily activities such as yawning, laughing, or during events that require keeping the mouth open for a long time. This review aims to present and discuss different conservative and surgical techniques to treat patients with a dislocated mandible, and to present two cases of surgical treatment.Methodology: A search of the literature was completed (Medline, PubMed) using the keywords TMJ dislocation, TMJ luxation, mandibular dislocation and surgical and non-surgical methods of treatment for this condition.Results: Eminectomy (Myrhaug’s surgery) has been used with satisfactory results. Most of reports present large series of patients with more than one year of follow-up and no recurrence of complications. Is less invasive and take a short operation time; need no bone transplantation or placing any kind of foreign body into the joint.Conclusion: Eminectomy results in long-term resolution of recurrent TMJ dislocations, when compared with others surgical techniques.

A case of drug-induced dyskinesia characterized by temporomandibular joint luxation

A case of drug-induced dyskinesia characterized by temporomandibular joint luxation

Computed tomographic findings in dogs and cats with temporomandibular joint disorders: 58 cases (2006–2011)

To describe CT findings in dogs and cats with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Retrospective case series. 41 dogs and 17 cats. Medical records and CT images of the skull were reviewed for dogs and cats that were examined at a dentistry and oral surgery specialty practice between 2006 and 2011. Of 142 dogs and 42 cats evaluated, 41 dogs and 17 cats had CT findings consistent with a TMJ disorder. In dogs, the most common TMJ disorder was osteoarthritis; however, in most cases, there were other TMJ disorders present in addition to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis was more frequently identified at the medial aspect rather than the lateral aspect of the TMJ, whereas the frequency of osteoarthritic involvement of the dorsal and ventral compartments did not differ significantly. In cats, fractures were the most common TMJ disorder, followed by osteoarthritis. Clinical signs were observed in all dogs and cats with TMJ fractures, dysplasia, ankylosis, luxation, and tumors; however, only 4 of 15 dogs and 2 of 4 cats with osteoarthritis alone had clinical signs. Results indicated that TMJ disorders were frequently present in combination. Osteoarthritis was the most common TMJ disorder in dogs and the second most common TMJ disorder in cats. Computed tomography should be considered as a tool for the diagnosis of TMJ disorders in dogs and cats with suspected orofacial disorders and signs of pain. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013;242:69-75).

Arthroscopic cauterization of retrodiscal tissue as a successful minimal invasive therapy in habitual temporomandibular joint luxation

Habitual temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation is a serious condition for the patient, and is often managed by extensive open joint surgery. Arthroscopic eminoplasty is an alternative, but this technique could also cause concomitant damage to the articular surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and side effects of arthroscopic electrocautery of retrodiscal tissues in habitual TMJ luxation. All patients with habitual TMJ luxations who needed surgical management from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2009 in the authors’ institution in The Netherlands, were included in this study. All patients were primarily treated with arthroscopic electrocautery. Pre- and postoperative evaluation parameters were: TMJ luxations, maximum mouth opening, translatory capacity, pain and joint noises. Sixteen patients with habitual luxation were treated with arthroscopic electrocautery. Patient reluxation occurred in one. None of the patients had joint pain or mobility restrictions. The overall success rate was 95%. After 86 months there was a high success rate for this therapy. No other morbidity was seen, in contrast with open joint surgery or using sclerosing agents. The authors conclude that arthroscopic eletrocautery of retrodiscal tissues is a highly successful minimal invasive therapy in habitual TMJ luxation without side effects.

Short-Term Results of Autologous Blood Injection for Treatment of Habitual TMJ Luxation

Many surgical and nonsurgical methods for the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypermobility have been published. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results after autologous blood injection in and around the TMJ for the treatment of habitual luxation. Twenty-five patients were diagnosed as having habitual TMJ luxation and treated with autologous blood injection into the upper joint space and around the joint capsule (group A). A control group of 15 patients with the same diagnosis were subjected to physiotherapy with muscular exercise (group B). Patients in group A were reevaluated 3 months after treatment and those in group B were reevaluated after 3 months of physiotherapy. A statistically significant reduction in maximal mouth opening and TMJ sounds was noted only in group A, whereas the reduction for group B was minimal. These measurements show that intraauricular and periauricular autologous blood injection results in remission of signs and symptoms of TMJ luxation in the short term.

A clinical study of seven cases with eminectomy in the articular eminence for treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint luxation

A clinical study of seven cases with eminectomy in the articular eminence for treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint luxation

Treatment of caudal mandibular fracture and temporomandibular joint fracture-luxation using a bi-gnathic encircling and retaining device

Fractures of the caudal portion of the mandible and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) fracture-luxation can be challenging to treat with direct fixation methods. This paper describes a simple technique for the indirect treatment of caudal mandibular fracture and TMJ fracture-luxation using a subcutaneous loop of nylon leader line tunnelled around the maxilla, incisive and nasal bones, and under the mandible, placed just caudal to the canine teeth, and crimped ventral to the mandibular skin: a bignathic encircling and retaining device (BEARD). A BEARD was used to treat two immature dogs with simple, unilateral caudal mandibular fractures, six cats with unilateral injury (two with TMJ luxation, three with TMJ fracture-luxation, one with caudal mandibular fracture), and two cats with bilateral injury (comminuted caudal mandibular fracture with contralateral TMJ luxation; bilateral condylar neck fracture). The BEARD treatment failed short-term due to poor tolerance in one cat, and concurrent injuries and poor initial reduction in another cat. One cat was lost to long-term follow-up. Rostral dental occlusion was normal in six out of seven cases, and reported jaw function was normal in seven out of seven cases. The case with poor occlusion had imperfect initial reduction. Complications included dorsal nasal skin swelling or discharge, oesophagostomy tube dislodgement or blockage, BEARD loosening, and regurgitation. Treatment of uni- or bilateral caudal mandibular trauma using a BEARD can lead to clinical union, and normal rostral occlusion, provided that case selection is appropriate and immediate-post-surgical occlusion has been corrected.