Temporary Role Research Articles

Amnesia and homework

Introduction: In humans, the phenomenon of temporally graded retrograde amnesia has been described in the clinic and the laboratory for more than 100 years. The memory f\deficit can occur against a background of intact intellectual and perceptual functions. Material and methods: There were analyzed articles from the PubMed database from the last 5 years 2019-2024, mentioning such words as “amnesia”, “homework”. Results: Amnestic syndrome is narrower than once believed in the sense that a number of learning and memory abilities are preserved. The brain system damage in amnesia has only a temporary role in memory. In the 1950 edition of the Encyclopedia of Educational Research H.J. Otto wrote “compulsory homework does not result in sufficiently improved academic accomplishments to justify retention” [1]. Eighteen years later P.R Wildman went a step further, starting that “whenever homework crowds out social experience, outdoor recreation, and creative activities and whenever it usurps time devoted to sleep, it is not meeting the basic needs of children and adolescents” [2]. Conclusion: Thus, as Otto’s remark exemplifies, homework fell out of favor. Homework, it was believed could accelerate knowledge acquisition. Wildman expressed the concern of the time that too much emphasis on school would lead to the neglect of other areas of personal fulfillment. Not all amnesias, results from brain damage. Amnesia may be produced by severe emotional trauma or naturally occurring changes in state or arousal [3-5]. Improves creative activity total quality management as a predictor of artificial intelligence provides competitive marketing, proven and by the role of social networks in reducing stress [6,7], confirming that amnesia has only a temporary role in memory.

Low potential of fish as a source of infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Abstract Objectives Fish are hypothesized to act as paratenic hosts for the zoonotic nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, cause of human eosinophilic meningitis. There is a lack of data confirming the relevance of fish in A. cantonensis life cycle and their contribution to human infection. Materials and methods We conducted a series of experiments to investigate survival and infectivity of A. cantonensis larvae in Clarias gariepinus (catfish; n=30) and Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia; n=24). Each fish was inoculated with 10,000 third-stage larvae (L3). Larval survival was assessed through artificial digestion of fish tissues one, two, and three weeks post-infection. To investigate early stages of infection, four catfish were inoculated with 10,000 L3 each and sacrificed 3 days post-infection. qPCR and histopathological examinations were performed to evaluate larval distribution and tissue reactions. Two infected catfish, sacrificed one week post-infection, were used to feed Wistar rats. Results After 45 days, the rats were not shedding L1, indicating the absence of infection. One week post-infection, dead larvae were present in digested tissues of both fish species, and the same was observed two and three weeks after exposure. qPCR analysis revealed that intestine was the most heavily infected organ. Histopathology identified dead larvae within granulomas in intestines and liver. Early-stage infection experiment showed that fish sacrificed three days post-inoculation contained viable L3 which were infective to Wistar rats. Conclusions While A. cantonensis L3 can survive and remain infective in fish for a short period, they typically die within first few days post-infection. This suggests that fish may not be significant long-term paratenic hosts for A. cantonensis but may play a temporary role in its transmission to mammals (including humans) and birds. These results are consistent with previous studies on freshwater shrimps and highlight the importance of understanding aquatic host interactions in the epidemiology of this zoonotic food-borne pathogen.

What would have made work in the COVID-19 ICU less demanding? A qualitative study from 13 Swedish COVID-19 ICUs.

The COVID-19 pandemic stretched Swedish intensive care unit (ICU) resources to an extent never experienced before, but even before the pandemic staffing was difficult and the number of staffed ICU beds was low. Studies have revealed high levels of COVID-19 ICU staff burn-out and fatigue, and as similar situations with high demands are likely to occur in the future a better understanding of resources that improve staff resilience is important. Using the job-demand resource theory as a framework, we explored ICU professionals' views on demands and resources when working in COVID-19 ICUs with the aim to highlight factors that increased the job resources. Data were collected via a web survey distributed to COVID-19 ICU professionals, including both regular and temporary roles, working in 13 COVID-19 ICU wards in Stockholm and Sörmland counties during the spring 2021. A total of 251 written responses to the question "What would have made work in the COVID-19 ICU less demanding?" were analyzed using thematic analysis. One year later a member-checking focus group interview was conducted to validate and further explore staff experiences. The main themes were work strategy, fairness and support, continuity, accessible leadership, introduction/information, and crisis preparedness. The analysis of the focus group conducted confirmed the main results and the extreme demands on ICU staff during the initial stages of the pandemic. To increase staff health and performance in a long-term crisis our results suggest; maintaining workplace leadership, scheduling work in advance and, when possible, schedule for recovery.

Social predation by a nudibranch mollusc.

Social predation is a common strategy used by predators to subdue and consume prey. Animals that use this strategy have many ways of finding each other, organizing behaviors and consuming prey. There is wide variation in the extent to which these behaviors are coordinated and the stability of individual roles. This study characterizes social predation by the nudibranch mollusc, Berghia stephanieae, which is a specialist predator that eats only the sea anemone, Exaiptasia diaphana. A combination of experimental and modeling approaches showed that B. stephanieae does predate upon E. diaphana in groups. The extent of social feeding was not altered by length of food deprivation, suggesting that animals are not shifting strategies based on internal state. It was unclear what cues the individual Berghia used to find each other; choice assays testing whether they followed slime trails, were attracted to injured anemones, or preferred conspecifics feeding did not reveal any cues. Individuals did not exhibit stable roles, such as leader or follower, rather the population exhibited fission-fusion dynamics with temporary roles during predation. Thus, the Berghia provides an example of a specialist predator of dangerous prey that loosely organizes social feeding, which persists across hunger states and uses temporary individual roles; however, the cues that it uses for aggregation are unknown.

‘The Ball of Cooperation Rolls on’: Some Personal Reflections on My Experiences as a Researcher

People with disabilities are increasingly actively involved within research projects. For many of them this is a temporary role, but some work on longer-term projects and even build a career out of it. This is the case for the first author of this paper. He has worked as a researcher for almost six years. He is involved in various projects, all highly diverse in terms of subject, design, scope and collaboration with fellow researchers. In this paper, he looks back on his experiences in recent years. Together with colleagues, he reflects on his contribution to the various projects, his own development as a researcher and the impact of the work on his personal life. He finds that the essence of the motto ‘Nothing about us, without us’ has become increasingly intertwined with his life and identity through his work.

How sustainability assurance work gets done: assurors’ sensemaking, socialization and interactions with clients

PurposeThis study examines how assurors make sense of sustainability assurance (SA) work and how interactions with assurance team members and clients shape assurors’ sensemaking and their actual SA work.Design/methodology/approachTo obtain detailed accounts of how SA work occurs on the ground, this study explores three SA engagements by interviewing the main actors involved, both at the client firms and at their Big Four assurance providers.FindingsIndividual assurors’ (i.e. partners and other team members) sensemaking of SA work results in the crafting of their logics of action (LoAs), that is, their meanings about the objectives of SA work and how to conduct it. Without organizational socialization, team members may not arrive at shared meanings and deviate from the team-wide assurance approach. To fulfill their objectives for SA work, assurors may engage in socialization with clients or assume a temporary role. Yet, the role negotiations taking place in the shadows of the scope negotiations determine their default role during the engagement.Practical implicationsTwo options are available to help SA statement users gauge the relevance of SA work: either displaying the SA work performed or making it more uniform.Originality/valueThis study theoretically grounds how assurors make sense of SA work and documents how (the lack of) professional socialization, organizational socialization and socialization of frequent interaction partners at the client shape actual SA work. Thereby, it unravels the SA work concealed behind SA statements.

Reactivation of encoding ensembles in the prelimbic cortex supports temporal associations

Fear conditioning is encoded by strengthening synaptic connections between the neurons activated by a conditioned stimulus (CS) and those activated by an unconditioned stimulus (US), forming a memory engram, which is reactivated during memory retrieval. In temporal associations, activity within the prelimbic cortex (PL) plays a role in sustaining a short-term, transient memory of the CS, which is associated with the US after a temporal gap. However, it is unknown whether the PL has only a temporary role, transiently representing the CS, or is part of the neuronal ensembles that support the retrieval, i.e., whether PL neurons support both transient, short-term memories and stable, long-term memories. We investigated neuronal ensembles underlying temporal associations using fear conditioning with a 5-s interval between the CS and US (CFC-5s). Controls were trained in contextual fear conditioning (CFC), in which the CS-US overlaps. We used Robust Activity Marking (RAM) to selectively manipulate PL neurons activated by CFC-5s learning and Targeted Recombination in Active Populations (TRAP2) mice to label neurons activated by CFC-5s learning and reactivated by memory retrieval in the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, perirhinal cortices (PER) and subiculum. We also computed their co-reactivation to generate correlation-based networks. The optogenetic reactivation or silencing of PL encoding ensembles either promoted or impaired the retrieval of CFC-5s but not CFC. CFC-5s retrieval reactivated encoding ensembles in the PL, PER, and basolateral amygdala. The engram network of CFC-5s had higher amygdala and PER centralities and interconnectivity. The same PL neurons support learning and stable associative memories.

SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT PADA KUCING DENGAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING PADA KLINIK HEWAN MITRA SATWA

Cats are one type of animal that is widely kept and popular as a favorite pet among the public. Cat health is very important, this is inseparable from the role of veterinary hospital clinics which are needed to perform medical actions on pets. The purpose of the study is to build an Expert System for Diagnosing Disease in Cats with the Forward Chaining Method at Mitra Satwa Jambi Clinic which is a system that can replace the temporary role of experts in identifying diseases in cats quickly and accurately, and Provide solutions to cat lovers to provide first treatment to cats. The results of the analysis and evaluation show that the expert system uses Forward Chaining in this approach using reasoning in the expert system which starts based on the information that provided to users in the form of existing facts.

Fuzzy modeling and characterization of mechanical and biological properties of a selective laser melting shape: A comprehensive study

The bone scaffold is a porous structure that possesses suitable biological and mechanical properties similar to those of natural bone, thereby providing a suitable substrate for bone growth. The scaffold plays a temporary role in the bone repair process and is composed of degradable material that gradually degrades over time to enable new bone growth and replacement. The scaffolds are implanted using bone morphogenetics of transplanted bone-protein (BMP-7) and implanted subcutaneously to assess biological properties and tissue growth. This study demonstrates the ability to design and fabricate a titanium scaffold with a porous architecture using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) method, employing two different geometries. The scaffolds' mechanical properties are assessed via a compression test, and the results are utilized for finite element analysis (FEA), predicting the designed metallic scaffold's optimal geometric shape and porosity percentage. The biological response of the scaffolds is evaluated via simulated body fluid (SBF) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) analyses. The findings indicate that the 8-sided scaffold has superior mechanical and biological features compared to the circular and 6-sided geometries. To predict the scaffold's specifications before conducting the experiment, a fuzzy modeling system is used to model the effect of inputs such as weight percentage, elastic modulus, porosity, and Poisson ratio on the compressive strength output variable.

Investigating the Causes of Swim Instructor Turnover in the Aquatics Industry

Employees are said to be the backbone of any organization. The aquatic industry is one of the largest employers in the sport and recreation sector and is rapidly growing, with career opportunities available to a diverse workforce for individuals of all ages and backgrounds (Sherry et al., 2021). The aquatics industry is experiencing increased voluntary and dysfunctional swim instructor turnover. Employee turnover is the rate at which individuals leave an organization, and high employee turnover can be disruptive and costly for management, employees, and customers. High swim instructor turnover undermines the effectiveness of swim instruction and exacerbates the risk of swimming-related injuries and drowning. Therefore, a critical first step is to better understand the reasons for turnover to address concerns with recruitment and swim instructor retention. High employee turnover should not be excused as an inherent characteristic of the aquatics industry, but rather the result of individual and systemic factors. As swim instructor turnover is an under-researched issue, we adopted an exploratory approach to this research. We utilized a qualitative research approach, collecting data through a series of semi-structured interviews, to explore the reasons for swim instructor turnover with nineteen (58% male, 42% female) former swim instructors. Most respondents reported a combination of reasons that ultimately led to separation from their position. A deductive analysis of the interview data revealed the reasons for turnover among former swim instructors: swim instructing as a temporary role, limited career progression, failing to understand and underestimating the swim instructor working environment, and a negative view of management. This research extends human resource management literature across the aquatics industry by identifying reasons for turnover from the perspective of former swim instructors. When swim instructors depart, it can disrupt existing relationships and workflows, and makes it so that fewer individuals get the benefits associated with learning to swim. These results suggest managers would benefit from implementing appropriate retention strategies to retain swim instructors, realistic job preview, swim instructor training and personal development, and exit interviews.

The Development and Integration of a Safety Officer Role to Facilitate Prevention of COVID-19 Virus Transmission in an Adult Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting Using Collaborative Change Leadership Methodology.

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large urban academic hospital responded by creating the temporary role of a "Safety Officer (SO)." The key task of the SO role was to supervise staff donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE) and provide real-time feedback on their performance. The support for safe donning and doffing would contribute to staff well-being by reducing their fear of infection transmission. A Collaborative Change Leadership (CCL) approach was used to facilitate the development, implementation, and evaluation of the role. This included an iterative feedback process with clinicians and safety officers to continually refine the role. Feedback indicated value in the initiative as increasing staff confidence about preventing virus transmission, as well as their sense of safety at work. Areas for future improvement included additional communication strategies for interprofessional teams and external partners, as well as planning around logistics to better support the safety officers in performing this new, temporary role. The Safety Officer role was able to help alleviate concerns regarding potential infection transmission and contribute positively to staff well-being.

Practical psychiatry: Providing temporary psychiatric cover.

Psychiatric cover for healthcare staffing shortfalls is increasingly common post-pandemic. We aim to provide comprehensive practical advice on providing temporary inpatient or outpatient cover as a psychiatrist, based on the authors' clinical experience and the existing research literature. There is limited peer-reviewed advice available on providing safe and effective temporary psychiatric consultant cover for patient care. We suggest a framework for reviewing the potential hazards and benefits of a temporary post, and planning for the role, guided by consideration of the following: caring for patients, supporting staff, working with peers, and understanding local healthcare systems and the local regulatory environment. Application of this reflective framework is informed by the psychiatrist's assessment of the temporary role, and consideration of the local service conditions.

Cross-community enactive research: a relational practice-based approach to academic engagement

ABSTRACT To respond to the call for broader ways to understand academic engagement in sustainable tourism, I conceptualized a relational practice-based approach, termed cross-community enactive research. Relying on central ideas from the enactive research approach by entrepreneurship scholar Bengt Johannisson, which draws on autoethnography and action research, and the communities of practice theory by educationalist Etienne Wenger, this approach involves researchers playing the temporary role of practitioners, with other practitioners. I applied such approach to an exploratory case concerning my participation in a collaborative, sustainable tourism project. The case discussion highlighted the non-linearity and mutuality of deep academic engagement. Such engagement has evolved over time as a growing web of relationships and roles, along which the processes relative to identity (being/becoming a sustainability-engaged person), knowledge (thinking sustainability) and action (doing sustainability) occur across diverse practices, sectors, and contexts. The case showed the potential of the elaborated approach for real-world impact, especially on the involved practitioners and destinations, and highlighted challenges about researchers’ multiple roles, the formalization of their engagement in non-academic activities, and the research impact’ predictability and novelty.

The influence of ideology on the choice of Russia’s institutional model: Retrospective and forecast

The article shows that ideology in Russia launches the mechanism of transition from one institutional cycle to another, since the image of the future in it is associated with the denial of the existing order. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the ideology of socialism, which denies private property, contributed to the rooting of the razdatok (distributive) economy, which has been the base of Russian state since its inception. At the end of the twentieth century, the ideology of Russian liberalism led to the introduction of market institutions into the Russian economy, but as a result, a quasi-market rent based economy was formed. Such a model has become, both at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and at the present time, the cause of economic stagnation and social polarization. A hypothesis is put forward that at the present moment, the existing socio-economic mechanism performs an auxiliary and temporary role of a “shell” for the maturation of a new development model, which will cause a transition to a new institutional cycle based on the “contractual razdatok economy” and the ideology of solidarism.

Sistem Pakar Diagnosis Penyakit Pada Tanaman Jeruk Gerga Dengan Metode Forward Chaining Studi Kasus Balai Penyuluhan (BPP) Kecamatan Jangkat Kabupaten Merangin

Citrus fruit is one of the most popular types of fruits by the people of Indonesia because of its freshness and contains many types of vitamins. However, the population of citrus plants has experienced a high increase due to the limited knowledge of farmers in terms of proper citrus farming. Another obstacle that causes citrus fruit products in Indonesia to not meet expectations is the emergence of pests and diseases. Many losses are caused by plant diseases that are too late to diagnose, and have reached a severe stage causing crop failure. The purpose of the study was to build an Expert System for Diagnosis of Diseases in Citrus with the Forward Chaining Method Case Study at the Agricultural Extension Center (BPP) in Jangkat District, Merangin Regency, a system that can replace the temporary role of experts or experts in identifying citrus plant diseases quickly and accurately. An expert system for diagnosing citrus plant diseases is needed as a means of consultation and a means of learning for farmers, especially from the Extension Center. For this reason, the difficulties experienced by farmers can be overcome by providing a software (expert system) in the form of an application program to determine diseases that attack citrus or lime plants as well as proper handling and prevention methods. The input in this system is in the form of disease data, symptom data, and rule data. The output is a checking report. The result of this research is a system for diagnosing citrus plant diseases. Keywords— citrus plant diseases, Diagnosis, expert system, forward chaining.

Creating a lean mind-set: Change of practice towards early treatment

This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study on lean implementation viewed as an organisational learning process. By using a scaffolding framework, we investigate the ways in which human resource development facilitates learning among clinicians. This study contributes to the temporary role of human resource development in learning processes within multi-disciplinary professional groups. We identify scaffolding activities from which we have identified three human resource development practices: phase 1 – cognitive scaffolding, in which human resource development acts as a ‘mindsetter’ that aims to motivate the learning of lean in relation to the clinicians’ practices; phase 2 – peer-to-peer scaffolding through ‘doing’ lean, in which human resource development performs the role of an ‘experience creator’ who creates knowledge engagement between peers – in order to put lean into practice; and phase 3 – fading of the scaffolding, in which human resource development performs the role of a ‘delegator’ who transfers the responsibility to the clinicians to promote learning. This contributes to our understanding of how knowledge is negotiated in a multidisciplinary context. We contribute to the learning literature by emphasising how learning trajectories are initiated by learning initiatives, highlighting the role limitations of human resource development in this context, and demonstrating how a new learning tension arises between different versions of ‘lean’ in the organisation.

The Sociomateriality of the Creative Process: Script Roles in Film Production

ABSTRACTThe article aims to identify and analyze the roles played by the script in the creative process of independent short film production. The theoretical framework is based on distributed creativity and sociomateriality. These approaches are complementary and helped us discuss how the script can shape the creativity of the subjects involved in the film production. We have followed the daily teamwork during the film production through participant observation, interviews, documents, photographs, and video. We identified three roles played by the script: (1) protagonist: centralizes creative ideas around its framing; (2) feature player: responsible for mediating creative actions, and (3) antagonist: hinders creative actions. Each of these roles directly influences the different stages of the creative process, which takes place through creativity distributed between people and artifacts. We conclude that artifacts have temporary roles in the creative process, and more than enhancing or limiting this process, they are an integral part of creativity. Therefore, humans and artifacts are entangled in the creative process and should not be analyzed separately.

«Мужская маска» женской поэзии: З.Н. Гиппиус и ее последовательницы

The article deals with the masculine personas in the poetry of female authors Z.N. Gippius and M.Ye. Levberg. The article examines possible reasons for adopting a masculine mask, and the desire to acquire subjectivity appears to be the most likely among them. This subjectivity within the frame of the masculine gender order of Modernism could be attained only through the appropriation of the male voice. The article discusses critical reception of such appropriation. The article discusses critical reception of such appropriation and establishes the influence of Gippius on Levberg’s poetry. In view of exetremely low fame of this author, the article provides her biography and introduces previously unpublished texts. The article examines principles of constructing the masculine lyrical persona by Levberg; which turns out to be the mask of a warrior, or, more specifically, of a knight (which is not tipycal for Z. Gippius). The author draws parallels with Levberg’s theatre plays. She concludes that, as is in Gippius’ case, the artistic work of Levberg is based on the transgression of the gender order with the aim of constructing her authorship and the respectable position in the aesthetic discourse. The author of the article demonstrates that the masculine persona of both female writers is not so much a “mask,” a temporary role, but a reflection of their life position, their urge to destroy the dominating gender order and to acquire aesthetic subjectivity.

Recognizing and mediating bureaucratic barriers: increasing access to care through small and medium-sized private providers in Kenya

Background: Equitable access to health services can be constrained in countries where private practitioners make up a large portion of primary care providers. Expanding purchasing arrangements has helped many countries integrate private providers into government-supported payment schemes, reducing financial barriers to care. However, private providers often must go through an onerous accreditation process to enroll in these schemes. The difficulties of this process are exacerbated where health policy is changed often and low-level bureaucrats must navigate these shifts at their own discretion. This paper analyzes one initiative to increase private provider accreditation with social health insurance (SHI) in Kenya by creating an intermediary between providers and “street-level” SHI bureaucrats. Methods: This paper draws on 126 semi-structured interviews about SHI accreditation experience with private providers who were members of a franchise network in Kenya. It also draws on four focus group discussions conducted with franchise representatives who provided accreditation support to the providers and served as liaisons between the franchised providers and local SHI offices. There was a total of 20 participants across all four focus groups. Results: In a governance environment where regulations are weak and impermanent, street-level bureaucrats often created an accreditation process that was inconsistent and opaque. Support from the implementing organizations increased communication between SHI officials and providers, which clarified rules and increased providers’ confidence in the system. The intermediaries also reduced bureaucrats’ ability to apply regulations at will and helped to standardize the accreditation process for both providers and bureaucrats. Conclusions: We conclude that intermediary organizations can mitigate institutional weaknesses and facilitate process efficiency. However, intermediaries only have a temporary role to play where there is potential to: 1) directly increase private providers’ power in a complex regulatory system; 2) reform the system itself to be more responsive to the limitations of on-the-ground implementation.

SISTEM INFORMASI MENDETEKSI HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN KOL MELALUI SISTEM PAKAR DENGAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING STUDI KASUS : BALAI PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN KECAMATAN JANGKAT

In the world of agriculture, there are many problems that prevent farmers from cultivating this group of crops, causing crop failure. The problem that is often faced is that pests and diseases become serious problems that cannot be handled properly so that plants die or do not grow properly, and result in crop failure and big losses. The purpose of the study was to build an Expert System to Detect Pests and Diseases of Cabbage Using Forward Chaining Methods at the Agricultural Extension Center, Jangkat District, a system that can replace the temporary role of experts in identifying pests and diseases of cabbage or cabbage plants accurately and quickly. An expert system for diagnosing pests and plant diseases are urgently needed to serve as a means for consultation and learning facilities for farmers, especially from Extension Centers. For this reason, the complexity and difficulties experienced by farmers or can be overcome by providing a software (expert system) in the form of an application program to determine pests and diseases that attack cabbage or cabbage plants and how to handle and prevent them appropriately. The advantage of using an expert system application using web programming is that it makes it easier for farmers to determine pests and diseases and so that there are no errors in giving conclusions about pests and diseases, which is expected to help and facilitate farmers in determining pests and diseases that attack plants.