The anomaly of congenital atresia of the esophagus with tracheoesophageal fistula has proved amenable to operation only in recent years. The postoperative complications of this procedure are not as yet completely understood. The following observations throw some light on an unusual and extremely serious postoperative syndrome. This consists of laryngeal stridor coming on during or shortly after a feeding. The stridor is often severe enough to cause cyanosis and on many occasions is accompanied with temporary cardiac and respiratory arrest. The patient whose case is reported has been previously mentioned by Haight, 1 but at the time of his report a full appreciation of the cause of the patient's symptoms and the appropriate therapy had not been reached. REPORT OF A CASE J. P. was admitted to University Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich., on Sept. 9, 1943, weighing 5 pounds (2,268 Gm.) at the age of 4 days. Her referring physician,