Temporal Regimes Research Articles

Integrated watershed process model for evaluating mercury sources, transport, and future remediation scenarios in an industrially contaminated site

We used the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) as a framework to develop an empirical Hg flux model for Upper East Fork Poplar Creek (UEFPC), a Hg-contaminated watershed in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. By integrating long-term Hg monitoring data with simulated flow and suspended solid loads in a site-specific empirical Hg transport model, we (1) quantified the spatial, temporal, and flow regime controls on daily Hg flux (adjusted R2 = 0.82) and (2) made predictions about Hg flux under future climate, land use, and management scenarios. We found that 62.79% of the average daily Hg flux in the watershed is currently driven by base flow, whereas variability in Hg flux is driven by storm and extreme flow. We estimate an average annual Hg flux of 28.82 g day-1 leaving the watershed under baseline precipitation, with an estimated 43.73% reduction in daily Hg flux under drought conditions and a 296% increase in daily Hg flux in extreme precipitation scenarios. We estimated that a new mercury treatment facility would result in a 24.7% reduction in Hg flux under baseline conditions and a 33.4% reduction under extreme precipitation scenarios. The study demonstrated the merit of this approach, which can be replicated for sites where information on flow, suspended solids, and Hg concentrations is available.

A humanized version of Foxp2 affects ultrasonic vocalization in adult female and male mice.

The transcription factor FoxP2 is involved in setting up the neuronal circuitry for vocal learning in mammals and birds and is thought to have played a special role in the evolution of human speech and language. It has been shown that an allele with a humanized version of the murine Foxp2 gene changes the ultrasonic vocalization of mouse pups compared to pups of the wild-type inbred strain. Here we tested if this humanized allele would also affect the ultrasonic vocalization of adult female and male mice. In a previous study, in which only male vocalization was considered and the mice were recorded under a restricted spatial and temporal regime, no difference in adult vocalization between genotypes was found. Here, we use a different test paradigm in which both female and male vocalizations are recorded in extended social contact. We found differences in temporal, spectral and syntactical parameters between the genotypes in both sexes, and between sexes. Mice carrying the humanized Foxp2 allele were using higher frequencies and more complex syllable types than mice of the corresponding wildtype inbred strain. Our results support the notion that the humanized Foxp2 allele has a differential effect on mouse ultrasonic vocalization. As mice carrying the humanized version of the Foxp2 gene show effects opposite to those of mice carrying disrupted or mutated alleles of this gene, we conclude that this mouse line represents an important model for the study of human speech and language evolution.

Unsteady cloud cavitation mechanisms of liquid nitrogen in convergent–divergent nozzle

An investigation into the shedding mechanism of cloud cavitation is of great importance to understand the cavitation dynamics for cryogenic liquids. In this study, the dynamic processes of liquid nitrogen cavitating flows in a convergent–divergent (C–D) square nozzle under various operating conditions are experimentally investigated. Simultaneous measurements of cavity dynamics and the velocity variations in the cavitation region are implemented by introducing a high-speed camera and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). Several cavitation numbers are realized by changing the inflow velocity and thus the throat velocity. The specific shedding characteristics as well as the mechanism of the re-entrant jet and condensation shock are qualitatively analyzed for each case by examining high-speed photographs. In addition, a three-dimensional numerical model based on the large Eddy simulation (LES) is employed to further explore the re-entrant jet/condensation shock-dominated cavity shedding dynamics. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results by comparing the temporal cavitation regime distributions and the velocity variations at the same positions. The velocity of the re-entrant jet at the end of the cavity is about −4 to −5 m/s and decreases along the upstream direction. The re-entrant jet and the condensation shock are found to be the dominant mechanism for the shedding of cloud cavitation when σ = 0.497 and σ = 0.386, respectively. The shedding mechanism revealed by the combined experimental and numerical studies offers a deeper understanding of the unsteady shedding of cloud cavitation for cryogenic fluids.

Quantum Dot Self-Assembly Enables Low-Threshold Lasing.

Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are of interest for solution‐processed lasers; however, their short Auger lifetime has limited lasing operation principally to the femtosecond temporal regime the photoexcitation levels to achieve optical gain threshold are up to two orders of magnitude higher in the nanosecond regime than in the femtosecond. Here the authors report QD superlattices in which the gain medium facilitates excitonic delocalization to decrease Auger recombination and in which the macroscopic dimensions of the structures provide the optical feedback required for lasing. The authors develope a self‐assembly strategy that relies on sodiumd—an assembly director that passivates the surface of the QDs and induces self‐assembly to form ordered three‐dimensional cubic structures. A density functional theory model that accounts for the attraction forces between QDs allows to explain self‐assembly and superlattice formation. Compared to conventional organic‐ligand‐passivated QDs, sodium enables higher attractive forces, ultimately leading to the formation of micron‐length scale structures and the optical faceting required for feedback. Simultaneously, the decreased inter‐dot distance enabled by the new ligand enhances exciton delocalization among QDs, as demonstrated by the dynamically red‐shifted photoluminescence. These structures function as the lasing cavity and the gain medium, enabling nanosecond‐sustained lasing with a threshold of 25 µJ cm–2.

Heroic Pasts and Anticipated Futures: A Comparative Analysis of the Conceptions of History of the Nordic Resistance Movement and Generation Identity

ABSTRACT This article discusses the relationship between right-wing radicalism, right-wing extremism and fascism by comparing what can be seen as two contemporary expressions of the extra-parliamentary far right: the neo-Nazi Nordic Resistance Movement and the Europe-wide Generation Identity. By analysing the temporal regimes and conceptions of history that underlie these two movements, the article highlights how, although they belong to different analytical categories (fascism/right-wing extremism and right-wing radicalism respectively), both ideologies express a vision of the need for a radical renewal of the status quo that shares some fundamental assumptions about the nature of history. Yet, they convey that historical vision in contrasting terms and mobilize different points of reference.

Thermal properties of light mesons from holography

The thermal properties of light mesons, including the temperature dependence of their masses (both screening and pole masses) and thermal widths, are studied in a two-flavor (Nf = 2) soft-wall AdS/QCD model. By solving the spatial correlation functions, we extract the screening masses (mscr) from their poles. The screening masses of pseudo-scalar (π) and axial-vector (a1) mesons increase almost monotonously with the increase of temperature. The screening masses of scalar (σ) and vector (ρ) mesons decrease at low temperature and increase at high temperature. The pole masses (mpole) and the thermal widths (Γ) are extracted from the temporal correlation functions and the corresponding spectral functions. The results indicate that the pole masses have local minima at low temperature and increase at high temperature. The thermal widths increase rapidly above the chiral crossover temperature Tcp, indicating the dissociations of mesons at high temperature. Furthermore, the degeneration of the chiral partners (π and σ, ρ and a1) above Tcp is observed from the screening and pole masses, revealing the chiral symmetry restoration at the hadronic spectrum level. Finally, we numerically verify that the spectral functions in the temporal regime are strongly related to the quasi-normal modes with complex frequencies ω0 = mpole− iΓ/2.

Relaxation dynamics of half-quantum vortices in a two-dimensional two-component Bose-Einstein condensate(a) (a)Contribution to the Focus Issue Turbulent Regimes in Bose-Einstein Condensates edited by Alessandra Lanotte, Iacopo Carusotto and Alberto Bramati

We study the relaxation dynamics of quantum turbulence in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate containing half-quantum vortices. We find a temporal scaling regime for the number of vortices and the correlation lengths that at early times is strongly dependent on the relative strength of the inter-species interaction. At later times we find that the scaling becomes universal, independent of the inter-species interaction, and approaches that numerically observed in a scalar Bose-Einstein condensate.

Speeding up, slowing down. Language, temporality and the constitution of migrant workers as labour force

ABSTRACT This article offers an original ethnographic documentation of employability schemes targeting migrants in contemporary Italy. It argues that analysts’ current theorisations of time and space compression do not help us understand the multiple temporalities that migrants are subjected to when crossing borders, including those of labour market regimes. This ethnographic account is informed by a scholarship of migration that has extensively documented how the acceleration of movement and access to language, citizenship or work co-exist with experiences of waiting, elongation, withdrawal and delay – processes that complicate our understanding of the temporal regimes migrants are subjected to. Through a thick documentation of the experiences of unemployed migrants, job counsellors and other social actors in employability programmes in Rome, this article argues that both speeding up and slowing down are technologies of temporal management, including time–space compression, elongation and partitioning. These technologies regulate the time and speed of migrants’ incorporation into the labour market and allow the performance of processes of differential inclusion.

The Uneven and Unsure Playing Field for Competition Damages' Claims in the EU: Shortcomings and Failures of Directive 2014/104/EU and Its Implementation

This paper examines the impact that Directive 2014/104/EU in the rules governing private damages claims for competition infringements and in the ensuing latest litigation in some Member States. Not more than three years have passed since the Directive was implemented, but there are already signs that instead of facilitating damages claims, the rules established do not facilitate claims; to the contrary, some of them may unnecessarily complicate the prospects for compensation of competition infringements’ victims. Initial assessments of the Directive already pointed out its biases and shortcomings and the complexities introduced by some of its provisions. From the start it has been clear that the partial harmonization sought by the Directive would leave room for relevant divergences among Member States due to the principle of national autonomy. Limited harmonization and the leeway on the rules governing jurisdiction provide ample leeway for plaintiffs to choose where to file their claims. The implementation of the Directive has only confirmed the initial appraisal. In many of the relevant issues covered by the Directive, the jigsaw of national rules has been further thickened with another layer complexities and uncertainties (f.e., contribution rules among infringers, indirect purchasers-passing on; access to evidence and disclosure). Doubts about the temporal application regime of the Directive have not helped, and it will take time to resolve them. More importantly, although some rules are introduced for the quantification of harm (and mainly for cartel infringements), they seem far for providing a helpful solution to national courts in practice. It may be too early to convict the solutions introduced by the Directive, but the ongoing cases in Member states already show that the outlook for damages has become far more uncertain and tortuous. Following the caselaw of the EUCJ, the Damages Directive has further encroached the national autonomy of Member States, but still too much is left to be ironed out using the principle of effectiveness. For that meager outcome, it can be question.

Dziga Vertov’s Cinema as a Language of Temporal Reflection

Introduction. The article is devoted to the general theoretical analysis of Dziga Vertov’s cinema as a language of temporal reflection. According to essential hypothesis of this research Vertov’s work expresses the feature of the temporal regime of the culture of Soviet modernity.Methodology and sources. The author uses the terms “temporal reflection” and “time regime of culture” guided by the A. Assmann’s work “Is Time Out of Joint? On the Rise and Fall of the Modern Time Regime”. The article is rethinking these concepts and point out as a methodological ground for the analysis of non-fiction cinematography.Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis of both Vertov’s films and texts and theoretical works devoted to the study of his work, it is argued that Vertov’s non-fiction films could be considered as a symbolic language of temporal reflection. Particular attention is paid to Vertov’s both theoretical works and manifestos, and at the technical level – to the cinematographic techniques and means of expression of time. The temporal regime of modernity according to the Assmann includes features such as the turning point of time, the fiction of a new beginning, creative destruction, the emergence of the concept of “historical” and the acceleration of time. The analysis of the film “Man with a Movie Camera” (1929) given in the article demonstrates that Vertov’s work expresses these features. This conclusion is also confirmed by a number of theoretical positions in Vertov’s works, some of which are presented in the article.Conclusion. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that Vertov’s cinematic experiments are inventing a new language for comprehending time of history and culture. This language functions on account of the mechanical reduction of reality and the synthesis of the resulting images-perceptions based on the principle of ideological and poetic advisability.

Archival operations in post-dictatorship novels: memory and Chilean human rights records

ABSTRACT The junction between the memory of violence of the past and fictional registry is a dimension of post-dictatorial society’s cultural dynamics. While the testimonial narrative is dominant in the literary sphere, the archive as a repository of memory and documental inscription, with the capacity to iterate and transit from one social field to another, challenges regimes of truth and lineal temporality of official memory. This article identifies, characterises and compares the way in which records are employed in contemporary Chilean post-dictatorship narrative. The archive enables us to problematise and contextualise the relation to the recent dictatorial past and the opening up of new fields of reflection. The incorporation of records in four recent Chilean post-dictatorship novels (Puño y Letra by Eltit; Sprinters, Los Niños de Colonia Dignidad by Larra; La Dimensión Desconocida by Fernández and Monte Maravilla by Lafferte) is achieved through quotes or theme development. Such resources bring to light the fascination as well as the scepticism that archives generate in literature, as well as their effectiveness for expressing the intricate, and even contradictory, mechanisms of memory.

Preferred auditory temporal processing regimes and auditory-motor synchronization

Decoding the rich temporal dynamics of complex sounds such as speech is constrained by the underlying neuronal-processing mechanisms. Oscillatory theories suggest the existence of one optimal perceptual performance regime at auditory stimulation rates in the delta to theta range (< 10 Hz), but reduced performance in the alpha range (10–14 Hz) is controversial. Additionally, the widely discussed motor system contribution to timing remains unclear. We measured rate discrimination thresholds between 4 and 15 Hz, and auditory-motor coupling strength was estimated through a behavioral auditory-motor synchronization task. In a Bayesian model comparison, high auditory-motor synchronizers showed a larger range of constant optimal temporal judgments than low synchronizers, with performance decreasing in the alpha range. This evidence for optimal processing in the theta range is consistent with preferred oscillatory regimes in auditory cortex that compartmentalize stimulus encoding and processing. The findings suggest, remarkably, that increased auditory-motor synchronization might extend such an optimal range towards faster rates.

Measuring the Multiscale Dynamics, Structure, and Function of Biomolecules at Interfaces.

The individual and collective structure and properties of biomolecules can change dramatically when they are localized at an interface. However, the small spatial extent of interfacial regions poses challenges to the detailed characterization of multiscale processes that dictate the structure and function of large biological units such as peptides, proteins, or nucleic acids. This Perspective surveys a broad set of tools that provide new opportunities to probe complex, dynamic interfaces across the vast range of temporal regimes that connect molecular-scale events to macroscopic observables. An emphasis is placed on the integration over multiple time scales, the use of complementary techniques, and the incorporation of external stimuli to control interfacial properties with spatial, temporal, and chemical specificity.

The Lost Cause, Trump Time, and the Necessity of Impatience

In many ways, “Resisting Temporal Regimes, Imagining Just Temporalities” reads as the second installment of a two-part series on temporal rhetorics that continues questions on temporality raised in...

Resisting Temporal Regimes, Imagining Just Temporalities

The coronavirus pandemic has inundated the globe with discussions of time. Incubation periods, contagion intervals, exponential growth curves, hospitalization timelines, belated government response...

КОРРЕКЦИЯ ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОГО РЕЖИМА И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТЕОРИИ ИСТОРИИ. Статья 3

В статье показано, как проблемы смены темпорального режима связаны с ситуацией дискурсивной гегемонии. Ретротопия, как назвал ее З. Бауман, попытки возродить идеальное прошлое, опасна лишь тогда, когда ее сопровождает отстаивание «прочной» (solid) модели времени. Тогда она порождает антиисторизм в разных его формах: идеалы исторической амнезии (Ф. Ницше), уход от историзма к этернализму и мифотворчеству (П. Сорокин), критику релятивизма как проявления архаики (З. Бауман). Однако в российской историографии мы сталкиваемся с другими вариантами ретротопии, связанными с процессом перехода от пассеизма к футуризму и проявляющими себя как мягкие формы контргегемонии. Примером ретротопии как самоидентификации с эксплуатируемым народом служит история староверчества, а терапевтического варианта времени – теория персональной ретротопии, «мерцающего времени» В. Набокова. Основа их развития – убежденность в «зыбкости» времени модернизации как нормы (А. Асмолов), а не признание отдельных ошибок государства или сциентизация исторического знания, связанная с идеей «прочного» времени. The article shows how the problems of the change of temporal mode, in particular the departure from self-identification with the victims of the Holocaust, are related to the situation of discursive hegemony. Retrotopy, as Z. Bauman called it, attempts to revive the ideal past and is dangerous only when it is accompanied by the upholding of a «solid» model of time. Then it gives rise to antihistoricism in its various forms: the ideals of historical amnesia (F. Nietzsche), the departure from historicism to aeternalism and myth-making (P. Sorokin), criticism of relativism as a manifestation of archaism (Z. Bauman). However, in Russian historiography and cultural history, we come across other variants of retrotopy associated with the process of transition from passéism to futurism and manifesting themselves as mild forms of counter-hegemony. An example of retrotopia as self-identification with an exploited people is the history of Old Believers, and of a therapeutic version of time – the theory of personal retrotopia, «shimmering time» by V. Nabokov. The basis of their development is the conviction in the «fluidity» of the time of modernization as a norm (A. Asmolov), and not the recognition of some mistakes of the state or the scientization of historical knowledge.

Reconciling Complexities of Time in Criminal Justice and Transitional Justice

Abstract This article analyses complexities of time in transitional justice (tj) and categorises the temporal dichotomies of tj processes as timeboundness/timelessness and linearity/circularity, challenging the dominant linear conception of time in the field. Criminal justice, as the most dominant tj pillar, is seen as timebound, battling with the passage of time to avoid justice being denied or delayed. By its procedural nature, criminal justice is less capable of addressing any circularity or repetition of violence but rather treats acts of violence as ruptures in linear time. Field research in Bosnia and Herzegovina shows that the less conventional tj processes of education and memorialisation are often given the normative content of timelessness and utilised for their capacity to capture some of the repetition of harm. In addition to establishing these distinct temporal regimes and noting any conflicts between them, the article seeks to reconcile them by repositioning criminal justice within tj as a factual and legitimating foundation for education and memorialisation.

Between Two Funerals: Zombie Temporality and Media Ecology in Japan

AbstractThis article explores the popular shift to a media-ecological understanding in post-1960s Japan. Bookending its investigation with two actual funerals held for fictional characters in 1970 and 2007, it tracks the trope of death to map the increased interlocking of media temporality and everyday temporality in intensified media capitalism. As characters attain the ability to die, they are increasingly reanimated (to die again) in other media. Death and reanimation thereby become an expression of transformations at the intersection of media-systemic, economic, and aesthetic levels. The article concludes that death and reanimation across media channels point to a new rhythmic temporal regime. Characters are now mortal but cannot die, doomed to become eternally wandering media-mix zombies. The article relates this media economy linked to themes of death and animation to recent discussions of capitalist animism by figures such as Michael Taussig, Achille Mbembe, and Steven Shaviro. The article then offers a brief outlook on the most recent expressions of this zombie economy in narrative tropes of time loops and alternative realities.

Current relaxation in the Random Resistor cum Tunnelling Network Model through first-passage route: Regimes and time-scales

Numerically we study the bulk current relaxation in percolative Random Resistor cum Tunnelling Network (RRTN) model through a first-passage route. The RRTN considers an extra semi-classical barrier-crossing process over a voltage threshold within a framework of classical RRN bond percolation model. We identify the different temporal regimes of relaxation and corresponding phenomenological time-scales, which fix up the extents of different regimes. These time-scales were previously identified in Refs. Bhattacharya (2019) and Sen and Mozumdar (2007). We investigate on the distributions of these time-scales and observe that there exists a perfect correlation among them in the thermodynamic limit. We conclude that there exists a single time-scale which controls the RRTN dynamics. The variation of mean first-passage time .vs. system size seems to be due to sub-diffusive motion of charge carrier through the network.

A random walk Monte Carlo simulation study of COVID-19-like infection spread

Recent analysis of early COVID-19 data from China showed that the number of confirmed cases followed a subexponential power-law increase, with a growth exponent of around 2.2 (Maier and Brockmann, 2020). The power-law behavior was attributed to a combination of effective containment and mitigation measures employed as well as behavioral changes by the population. In this work, we report a random walk Monte Carlo simulation study of proximity-based infection spread. Control interventions such as lockdown measures and mobility restrictions are incorporated in the simulations through a single parameter, the size of each step in the random walk process. The step size l is taken to be a multiple of 〈r〉, which is the average separation between individuals. Three temporal growth regimes (quadratic, intermediate power-law and exponential) are shown to emerge naturally from our simulations. For l=〈r〉, we get intermediate power-law growth exponents that are in general agreement with available data from China. On the other hand, we obtain a quadratic growth for smaller step sizes l≲〈r〉∕2, while for large l the growth is found to be exponential. We further performed a comparative case study of early fatality data (under varying levels of lockdown conditions) from three other countries, India, Brazil and South Africa. We show that reasonable agreement with these data can be obtained by incorporating small-world-like connections in our simulations.