Temporal Object Research Articles

FBXO10 prevents chronic unpredictable stress-induced behavioral despair and cognitive impairment through promoting RAGE degradation.

AimsDepression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. The receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) is closely related to chronic stress and is a target of F‐box protein O10 (FBXO10) which promotes the degradation of RAGE by ubiquitination. Here, we explored the role of FBXO10 and RAGE in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)‐induced behavioral despair, cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and the polarization microglia.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice with or without infusion of viral in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) were subjected to CUS. Then the mice were exposed to forced swim test, sucrose consumption test, novelty‐suppressed feeding test, and temporal object recognition task to assess the behavioral despair and cognitive impairment. Inflammatory cytokines and the neurotrophic factor brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in PFC were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to observe the activation and phenotypic transformation of microglia in PFC. LPS‐induced cell model was constructed to explore the effect of FBXO10/RAGE axis in the polarization of microglia in vitro.ResultsFBXO10 promoted RAGE degradation by ubiquitination in BV2 cells. FBXO10 protein levels were reduced whereas RAGE protein levels were enhanced in CUS mice. FBXO10 overexpression or RAGE knockdown inhibited proinflammatory cytokine release, promoted BDNF expression, mitigated the depressive‐like and cognitive impairment behaviors, and affected the polarization of microglia induced by CUS exposure. FBXO10/RAGE axis promoted the polarization of microglia from the M1 to the M2 phenotype in vitro. Moreover, p38 MAPK and NF‐κΒ were identified to be the downstream effect factors for FBXO10/RAGE axis.ConclusionsFBXO10 administration prevents CUS‐induced behavioral despair, cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and the polarization of microglia through decreasing the accumulation of RAGE, p38 MAPK, and NF‐κΒ, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of depression.

Observing two-photon subwavelength interference of broadband chaotic light in a polarization-selective Michelson interferometer.

We demonstrated a method to achieve the two-photon subwavelength effect of true broadband chaotic light in polarization-selective Michelson interferometer based on two-photon absorption detection. To our knowledge, it is the first time that this effect has been observed with broadband chaotic light. In theory, the two-photon polarization coherence matrix and probability amplitudes matrix are combined to develop polarized two-photon interference terms, which explains the experimental results well. To make better use of this interferometer to produce the subwavelength effect, we also make a series of error analyses to find out the relationship between the visibility and the degree of polarization error. Our experimental and theoretical results contribute to the understanding of the two-photon subwavelength interference, which shed light on the development of the two-photon interference theory of vector light field based on quantum mechanics. The characteristic of the two-photon subwavelength effect have significant applications in temporal ghost imaging, such as it helps to improve the resolution of temporal objects.

Repair of Fashion Objects: An Interview with Sarah Scaturro

Fashion conservation practices could overlap with sustainable fashion design methods in some instances, and one of the most prominent upcycling methods, "repair," is such an example. Sustaining the longevity of garments and repairing the damages to give multiple lives to a garment is a common intent for both practices, yet, the interventions and manifestations of repair could be opposite intentions. This interview with Sarah Scaturro reflects her experiences of repairing fashion objects from both worlds of fashion, inside the museum where delicate skills and in-depth knowledge are required, and outside where imperfections and practical applications are received well. This paper suggests that a garment’s meanings deepen and change as the conservator interacts with each object for a long time, creating diverse memories. Fashion conservatory practices are similar to the Bergsonian sense of time, where fashion garments mean more than a temporal object whose duration, time, and memory are involved in every detail of the process. Thus, the perceptions about the fashion objects differ, and the decisions do not necessarily follow a linear path.

Effect of Neonatal Treatment With the NMDA Receptor Antagonist, MK-801, During Different Temporal Windows of Postnatal Period in Adult Prefrontal Cortical and Hippocampal Function.

The neonatal MK-801 model of schizophrenia has been developed based on the neurodevelopmental and NMDA receptor hypofunction hypotheses of schizophrenia. This animal model is generated with the use of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, during different temporal windows of postnatal life of rodents leading to behavioral defects in adulthood. However, no studies have examined the role of specific postnatal time periods in the neonatal MK-801 (nMK-801) rodent model and the resulting behavioral and neurobiological effects. Thus, the goal of this study is to systematically investigate the role of NMDA hypofunction, during specific temporal windows in postnatal life on different cognitive and social behavioral paradigms, as well as various neurobiological effects during adulthood. Both female and male mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with MK-801 during postnatal days 7–14 (p7–14) or 11–15 (p11–15). Control mice were injected with saline during the respective time period. In adulthood, mice were tested in various cognitive and social behavioral tasks. Mice nMK-801-treated on p7–14 show impaired performance in the novel object, object-to-place, and temporal order object recognition (TOR) tasks, the sociability test, and contextual fear extinction. Mice nMK-801-treated on p11–15 only affects performance in the TOR task, the social memory test, and contextual fear extinction. No differences were identified in the expression of NMDA receptor subunits, the synapsin or PSD-95 proteins, either in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or the hippocampus (HPC), brain regions significantly affected in schizophrenia. The number of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cells is significantly reduced in the PFC, but not in the HPC, of nMK-801-treated mice on p7–14 compared to their controls. No differences in PV-expressing cells (PFC or HPC) were identified in nMK-801-treated mice on p11–15. We further examined PFC function by recording spontaneous activity in a solution that allows up state generation. We find that the frequency of up states is significantly reduced in both nMK-801-treated mice on p7–14 and p11–15 compared to saline-treated mice. Furthermore, we find adaptations in the gamma and high gamma activity in nMK-801-treated mice. In conclusion, our results show that MK-801 treatment during specific postnatal temporal windows has differential effects on cognitive and social behaviors, as well as on underlying neurobiological substrates.

Sexual dimorphic effects of restraint stress on prefrontal cortical function are mediated by glucocorticoid receptor activation.

Stress, a major regulator and precipitating factor of cognitive and emotional disorders, differentially manifests between males and females. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the sexual dimorphic effects of acute restraint stress (RS) on males and females on the function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Adult male and female mice were subjected to RS or left in their home-cage (NR), and then tested in the light-dark test followed by the temporal order object recognition (TOR) task. Female mice exhibited increased anxiety-like levels, whereas male mice only showed deficits in the TOR task. When the behavioural tests were conducted 24hr following restraint stress (RS24), only the reduced performance in the TOR task in male mice persisted. In a different cohort, evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in layer II of acute PFC slices, immediately or 24hr after RS. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was significantly reduced in RS and RS24 male, but not female, compared with their respective NR group. LTP in PFC slices incubated with corticosterone showed significantly reduced LTP only in males. To determine whether glucocorticoid signalling is implicated in the RS-induced behavioural effects, a different cohort of mice was administered mifepristone, a corticosterone receptor antagonist. Mifepristone administration 1hr before RS prevented the effects of RS on the TOR task in males, but not anxiety. In conclusion, RS has differential effects on recency memory and anxiety, in males and females, which are partly mediated by the effects of corticosterone signalling on synaptic plasticity.

Spatial–Temporal Relation Reasoning for Action Prediction in Videos

Action prediction in videos refers to inferring the action category label by an early observation of a video. Existing studies mainly focus on exploiting multiple visual cues to enhance the discriminative power of feature representation while neglecting important structure information in videos including interactions and correlations between different object entities. In this paper, we focus on reasoning about the spatial–temporal relations between persons and contextual objects to interpret the observed video part for predicting action categories. With this in mind, we propose a novel spatial–temporal relation reasoning approach that extracts the spatial relations between persons and objects in still frames and explores how these spatial relations change over time. Specifically, for spatial relation reasoning, we propose an improved gated graph neural network to perform spatial relation reasoning between the visual objects in video frames. For temporal relation reasoning, we propose a long short-term graph network to model both the short-term and long-term varying dynamics of the spatial relations with multi-scale receptive fields. By this means, our approach can accurately recognize the video content in terms of fine-grained object relations in both spatial and temporal domains to make prediction decisions. Moreover, in order to learn the latent correlations between spatial–temporal object relations and action categories in videos, a visual semantic relation loss is proposed to model the triple constraints between objects in semantic domain via VTransE. Extensive experiments on five public video datasets (i.e., 20BN-something-something, CAD120, UCF101, BIT-Interaction and HMDB51) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed spatial–temporal relation reasoning on action prediction.

The constitutive function of intentionality in Husserl’s phenomenology

The article is addressing one of the central but maybe the most ambiguous and multilayered concepts of Husserl’s phenomenology. Husserl’s insisting on a form of intentionality that implies not just conscious directedness towards objects, but also a constitutive function of mental acts, led to some serious accusations of his (not only transcendental) idealism and solipsism. Justification of such accusations depends exclusively on whether we understand constitution in an ontological sense, as a creative process which brings worldly entities into being, or in an epistemological sense, as a process which enables us to identify and to interpret a particular givenness as something. In early stages of phenomenology, a so-called “hylomorphic” theory of constitution prevailed, which stated that object of our experience can be present for us only if some sense-data (hyle) is formed in our intentional acts by a meaning-giving component (which Husserl called morphe in his Ideas I). This theory proved to be unsatisfying when Husserl turned to a phenomenological description of temporal objects, discovering that not just objects, but also intentional acts have a distinct temporal structure. However, the analysis of temporal constitution reaches even further, because the idea of the “living present”, and its triadic structure of retention-primal impression-protention, holds the key to an explanation of horizon-intentionality, and offers the answer to an essential transcendental question: How is it possible for us to be aware of the world towards which all of our intentional life is directed, and from which all of the motivation for our actions originates?

Adaptive Spatial Location With Balanced Loss for Video Captioning

Many pioneering approaches have verified the effectiveness of utilizing the global temporal and local object information for video understanding tasks and have achieved significant progress. However, existing methods utilize object detectors to extract all objects overall video frames. This may bring performance degradation due to the information redundancy both spatially and temporally. To address this problem, we propose an adaptive spatial location module for the video captioning task which dynamically predicts an important position of each video frame in the procedure of generating the description sentence. The proposed adaptive spatial location method not only makes our model focus on local object information, but also reduces time and memory consumption brought by the temporal redundancy in extensive video frames and improves the accuracy of generated description. Besides, we propose a balanced loss function to address the class imbalance problem existing in training data. The proposed balanced loss assigns different weight to each word of ground-truth sentence in the training process which can generate more diversified description sentences. Extensive experimental results on the MSVD and MSR-VTT dataset show that the proposed method achieves competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Floodplain (126)

In Floodplain (126), I investigated the paleo-flooding of Wiang Kum Kam in the Chao Phraya River Basin in Northern Thailand. I am interested in the diverse human activities that have existed on floodplains since antiquity. Made of bricks with the very silt and sediment, mud and earth of the floodplain below, this archeological site offers a deeper sense of time, of the dynamic cycles of river systems, and of the movement of civilizations. The brick itself is as much a temporal object as it is a spatial one, suspending the alluvial material that took thousands of years to break down, only to become subsumed once again by the river. I exhume these histories as a way of reconstructing the fleeting passages of natural phenomena and the built environment, with the dynamic anthropogenic changes of the Mekong River Delta today.

Temporal phase-contrast ghost imaging

We introduce a phase-contrast ghost-imaging scheme for the characterization of temporal phase objects in terms of intensity correlations at two photodetectors. The technique is analogous to Zernike's phase-contrast imaging method and is based on utilizing a suitable filter function which renders the small-amplitude phase variations visible in the intensity correlation function. The approach is insensitive to temporal distortions and offers a promising method to analyze the phases of optical pulses.

Making strategy critical? Part II: Strategy redux – Macro perspectives

We attempt to answer the following research question: how is time understood and acted upon in connection to different types of ICoriented management accounting processes within organizations? In other words, what role does time play in IC-related management accounting practices? Alvesson and Deetz’s (2000) critical management research framework was selected for the examination. The temporal dimensions of IC and its related measurement and management accounting processes are discussed and questioned from a time-oriented micro-process (practice) perspective. The main findings are the following. First, IC can be considered as a “temporal boundary object”. Second, the development of IC time-related indicators for IC should be problematized to increase understanding. Moreover, this study lends sharp focus to the need for considering more than just the amount of time spent engaging in IC activities, but the quality of that time as well. Third, we confirm that IC tends to change over time. Consequently, IC concepts, methods and tools are not stable in practice, but rather are reflective of a specific time horizon. Forth, time-lags relating to IC creation and development tend to be overlooked and, hence, are not as clearly understood.

Semantics of temporal constrained objects

This paper presents the declarative and operational semantics for the paradigm of temporal constrained objects (TCOB). This modeling paradigm is an extension of basic constrained objects where objects specify the structure of a system and constraints specify its behavior. Temporal constrained objects have been shown to provide a clear and high-level declarative specification of the time-dependent behavior of complex dynamic systems. Two key features of this paradigm are series variables and metric temporal operators. The main contribution of this paper lies in showing how we can define the semantics of temporal constrained objects in terms of a new paradigm called temporal constraint logic programs (TCLP), which extend temporal logic programs with constraint-solving. Compared with the several other logical languages incorporating constraints and temporal logic, the TCLP paradigm offers a clear and direct way of translating temporal constrained object programs using three simple temporal predicates: first p, next p, and prev p. The key approach is to map each class in a TCOB program to a predicate in the TCLP paradigm. Thus, the semantics of recursively defined classes is expressed in terms of the semantics of recursively defined predicates, a well-understood topic. Given the close connections between TCLP and CLP, we take advantage of the semantics of CLP for providing the declarative and operational semantics of TCLP and thereby also of temporal constrained objects.

Method of Defining the Parameters for UAV Point Cloud Classification Algorithm

Image data from Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has been studied and used extensively for establishing maps. The process of UAV data provides three main products including (Digital Surface Model) DSM, Point cloud and Ortho-photos, in which point cloud is a valuable data source in building 3D models and topographic surfaces as well. However, processing point cloud separately to achieve secondary products has not been received much attention from researchers. This study determines parameters to develop a method for classifying point cloud data constructed from UAV images. Consequently, A 3D surface of the ground is built by applying a developed algorithm for the point cloud data for an open-pit mine. The temporal or non-ground objects such as trees, houses, vehicles are automatically subtracted from the point cloud by the algorithms. According to this line, it is possible to calculate and analyze the amount of reserves, the exploited volume to evaluate the efficiency for each mine during operation with the support of UAV integrated camera.

Image Analysis Using Human Body Geometry and Size Proportion Science for Action Classification

Gestures are one of the basic modes of human communication and are usually used to represent different actions. Automatic recognition of these actions forms the basis for solving more complex problems like human behavior analysis, video surveillance, event detection, and sign language recognition, etc. Action recognition from images is a challenging task as the key information like temporal data, object trajectory, and optical flow are not available in still images. While measuring the size of different regions of the human body i.e., step size, arms span, length of the arm, forearm, and hand, etc., provides valuable clues for identification of the human actions. In this article, a framework for classification of the human actions is presented where humans are detected and localized through faster region-convolutional neural networks followed by morphological image processing techniques. Furthermore, geometric features from human blob are extracted and incorporated into the classification rules for the six human actions i.e., standing, walking, single-hand side wave, single-hand top wave, both hands side wave, and both hands top wave. The performance of the proposed technique has been evaluated using precision, recall, omission error, and commission error. The proposed technique has been comparatively analyzed in terms of overall accuracy with existing approaches showing that it performs well in contrast to its counterparts.

Acoustic Ghost Imaging in the Time Domain

Ghost imaging (GI) enables reconstruction of the image of an object by measuring the intensity correlation of two beams, neither of which independently carries the spatial characteristics of the object. By exploiting the space-time duality, GI has been extended from the spatial domain to the time domain, and has been successfully demonstrated in the optical regime. This article reports on the experimental demonstration of acoustic GI in the time domain. Using ultrasound instead of photons, we created high-quality ghost images of a temporal object, even in the presence of strong ambient noise. Our work offers a fresh approach for imaging disturbance-sensitive acoustic signals, and could open the gateway to identifying new approaches in acoustic sensing, dynamic imaging, and communications.

Robust segmentation and localization of structural planes from photogrammetric point clouds in construction sites

Plane segmentation is a simple yet essential processing step for using 3D point clouds in applications such as temporal data registration and object modeling. The performance of traditional plane segmentation algorithms, especially when addressing photogrammetric point clouds, is significantly limited by factors including the errors of the point positions, noise contamination, and unevenly distributed density, resulting in a low segmentation efficiency and poor segmentation outcome. This paper proposes a robust plane segmentation algorithm for addressing photogrammetric point clouds of construction site scenarios. The implementation of the proposed method includes three major steps: preprocessing, segmentation of the point clouds, and extraction of the planes. The preprocessing is designed to suppress noise and filter outliers, and downsample the dataset. In the subsequent segmentation step, we propose a bottom-up approach utilizing the voxelized structure and facet-based global clustering to obtain planar segments using an automatic and unsupervised clustering of the planar facets selected from the voxelized points. In the last step, the points of the planar segments are extracted using a parametric model-based plane fitting. A 3D Hough transform-based method, constrained by an orientated bounding box, is developed to generate the initial model of the planes. The obtained plane models are then localized by the oriented bounding box and optimized by a local clustering-based plane refinement. The experimental results using synthetic datasets and a low-cluttered laser scanning dataset confirm that the proposed method is superior to the traditional algorithms in key criteria including calculation time, extraction precision, and recall. For real applications on two datasets of different construction sites, the proposed method could segment the majority of the structural planes from the points, with accurate model parameters, sizes, and locations estimated.

Hippocampal Arc Induces Decay of Object Recognition Memory in Male Mice

Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) gene is one of the effector neuronal immediate early genes (IEG) that is rapidly upregulated after neuronal activation and is involved in synaptic long-term potentiation and depression. In recent years, it has been implicated in several cognitive disorders, viz. Angelman syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, fragile-X syndrome, etc. It undergoes quick transcription and highly regulated translation after exposure to a novel environment. Previous studies have shown that the presence of Arc mRNA primes mGluR-dependent long-term depression (LTD) in previously activated synapses upon re-exposure to the same environment. These studies suggest that the memory could be affected by the availability of Arc at the re-exposure time. Therefore, to confirm this, we investigated the changes in the temporal order memory and object recognition memory after the re-exposure to an environment in male mice. We studied the involvement of Arc in these changes by inhibiting Arc protein expression via stereotaxic infusions of Arc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in the hippocampus of mice. We found that both temporal order and object recognition memories are dependent on the inter-familiarization phase interval. Strikingly, we also found that Arc accelerated the memory decay of an object when mice were re-exposed to the environment without that object.

RESEARCH ON CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA MODEL BASED ON BEHAVIOR-EVENT

Abstract. Starting from the object-oriented idea, this paper analyses the existing event-based models and the logical relationship between behavioral cognition and events, and discusses the continuity of behavioral cognition on the time axis from the perspective of temporal and spatial cognition. A geospatial data model based on behavioral-event is proposed. The physical structure and logical structure of the model are mainly designed, and the four-dimensional model of “time, space, attribute and event” is constructed on the axis. The organic combination of the four models can well describe the internal mechanism and rules of geographical objects. The expression of data model based on behavior-event not only elaborates the basic information of geospatial objects, but also records the changes of related events caused by the changes of geographic Entities' behavior, and expresses the relationship between spatial and temporal objects before and after the changes of behavior cognition. This paper also designs an effective method to organize spatio-temporal data, so as to realize the effective management and analysis of spatio-temporal data and meet the requirements of storage, processing and mining of large spatio-temporal data.

TIME AND ITS INDETERMINACY IN ROMAN INGARDEN’S CONCEPT OF THE LITERARY WORK OF ART

The time of the literary work of art is a schematized aspect of the represented objectivities of the literary work. Roman Ingarden’s analysis of the time of the literary work extends upon Husserl’s phenomenology of time consciousness but nevertheless remains consistent with it, insofar as within a literary work as well as actuality, an objective time or literary objective time is constituted from an experience of temporal objects (or in the case of the work of art, represented objectivities). The time of the literary work of art is experienced through its represented objectivities and depends on an already existent concept of objective time. (We conceive of the time of the literary work of art as a variant of actual time.) The time of the literary work, however, gains an indeterminacy, as the author of the literary work is able to manipulate our experience of time within the literary work by predicting how the reader will concretize its events, characters, and objects with respect to time. I use Alain Robbe-Grillet’s representation of the centipede in La Jalousie as an example of the possible manipulations of time, explicable through Ingarden’s analysis of time in the literary work of art.

Modeling and Transformation from Temporal Object Relational Database into Mongodb: Rules

Modeling and Transformation from Temporal Object Relational Database into Mongodb: Rules