Temperature Measurement Device Research Articles

Mechanism research and application on distributed optical fibre temperature measurement in coalmine goaf area based on the sensor network

The coal spontaneous combustion disasters exist in nearly 60% of coal mines of China. Among them, the goaf spontaneous combustion accounts for a large proportion. Optical fibre, as a new temperature-measuring device, has been more and more widely used in the coal seam spontaneous combustion fire prevention and control work. The paper, based on optical fibre online monitoring mechanism research, designs the overall temperature measurement system, carries out the field test and processes the test data by software to get more intuitive reaction of temperature changes in the goaf area. The experimental results show that compared with the return airway, the start value and maximum values of temperature in intake airflow roadway are not the same, but the oxidation and heat accumulation zone and the temperature rising range are roughly the same and the calefactive interzone is 100∼170 m.

Nozzle Design of Hot Strip Steel Temperature Measurement Device and Analysis of its Flow Field Characteristics

A kind of new hot strip steel temperature measuring device has been designed. The mathematical model and the geometric model of the nozzle flow field have been established based on computational fluid dynamics theory. The impact of equalizing groove and nozzle structure on the nozzle system characteristics is researched in detail using fluid dynamics software FLUENT. The research results show that: the nozzle pressure groove can improve the gas flow properties of the nozzle and the nozzle can meet the design requirements. The nozzle gap, the inlet pressure of nozzle, the lower edge diameter of the nozzle, nozzle diameter and chamfer structure have different effects on flow field characteristics and nozzle flow. The study provides a theoretical basis for designing hot strip steel temperature measurement devices and the nozzle of purge.

Development of Time-dependent mean Temperature Equations for GPS Meteorology

ABSTRACT The mean temperature is one of the key parameters in computing Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements and is usually derived as a function of surface temperature through the use of a mean temperature equation (MTE). In this study, two new types of MTEs were developed as functions solely of the observation time so that the mean temperature can be obtained without surface temperature measurements. To validate the new models, we created one-year time series of GPS-derived PWV using the new MTEs and compared them with the radiosonde-observed PWV. The bias and root-mean-square error were on the other of ~1 mm and ~2 mm, respectively. Keywords: GPS, GPS meteorology, mean temperature equation, precipitable water vapor parameter in translating ZWD into PWV. Bevis et al. (1992) suggested that the mean temperature of the atmosphere can be approximated by the surface temperature. The Bevis model (Bevis et al. 1992) was developed using radiosonde measurements taken at 13 sites in North America. Emardson & Derks (2000) developed a model more suited to the climatic conditions of Europe. Liou et al. (2000) developed a local MTE model in addition to monthly MTEs, based on meteorological observations in Taiwan. Woo (2003) and Ha et al. (2006) developed local MTEs based on radiosonde observations in South Korea. All the MTE models mentioned in this paragraph are given as linear functions of the surface temperature and thus temperature-measuring devices should be co-located at the GPS siteIn this study, we propose two new types of mean temperature models, in which surface temperature measurements are unnecessary. The novel concepts behind the newly developed MTE models are introduced in the following section and validation results through the error analysis of GPS PWV values obtained with new models are described in Section 3.

Gender difference in thermal perception and the role of estrogen in mice (1105.3)

The present study aimed to assess if there is a gender difference in thermal perception, and estrogen is involved in the mechanism. MethodsMale (M group) and female ICR mice were used (n=6 and 18, respectively). Each mouse was placed a device for temperature measurement in the abdominal cavity under general anesthesia. Female mice were divided to three groups: two groups were bilaterally ovariectomized with and without estradiol replacement (E2 and N groups) and one sham‐operated (F group). Mice were placed in an experiment box (50x12x15 cm), of which 5 Pertier boards at the bottom. Each board temperature was controlled by computer program, and changed each 6 min for 90 min. The temperature was selected from either of 28°C, 31°C, 34°C, 37°C, and 40°C with a difference from that of the other boards. Abdominal temperature (Tabd) and the position of a mouse and its board temperature were recorded every 1 min. Experiment was started after 60‐min baseline period with all boards set at 34°C. Mice were habituated to the box 2‐3 times before the experiment. ResultsDuring the housing period before the experiment, there were no differences in Tabd among the groups; however, during the experiment, Tabd was higher in the F group than in the M group. In addition, the F group preferred 40°C board, but the M group 34°C board. There were no differences in Tabd and temperature preference of the board among the F, E2 and N groups. Conclusion In this experimental condition, male mice showed higher environmental condition than female mice. However, estradiol is not likely mechanism for the difference.Grant Funding Source: MEXT.KIBANKEISEI

Non-Traditional Use of Torsion Plastometer in Physical Simulation of Steel Production

The present paper provides a picture of metallographic and plastometric research in the border areas of steel production and forming. The focus of the paper is simulation conducted in SETARAM plastometer. The SETARAM plastometer used in the experiments has been modified recently. The changes concerned predominantly its temperature measurement and control devices. The lower limit of its operating temperatures was reduced to approximately 400 °C. The purpose of the most recent upgrade was to allow investigation in the region of steel brittleness related to loading in their freezing range. It will be possible to explore the behaviour of steels under the conditions of continuous casting processes, solidification in crystallizers and deformation during solidification. Microstructures of various types of steels are presented upon small continuous deformation applied at high temperature, which lead to partial melting and resolidification of test bars. Various types of sheet rolling simulations with reduced finish temperatures conducted in the plastometer are described. Approaches to evaluating continuous torsion tests to fracture in the field of basic research into materials plasticity are presented as well. In terms of interrupted tests, the importance of the anisotropic interrupted test as a source of information for research is touched upon. In particular, demonstration is given of the potential for finding transformation temperatures governed by deformation in the 1.0583 steel grade. A physical simulation procedure involving strain-induced ferritic transformation has been developed on the basis of results of tests. Mechanical properties were measured on specimens processed in the simulation. Microstructures resulting from the thermomechanical simulation are discussed.

Methods and Devices of Temperature Measurement in the Neonate: A Narrative Review and Practice Recommendations

There are a number of measurement devices available for use. However agreement about the effectiveness of the various types of thermometers in the neonatal population remains unclear. The review indicates that the axilla method continues to be the site of choice for preterm and term infants. However, it has been noted in some studies that very little work has been done on the sensitivity and specificity of each method of temperature measurement, making it difficult to identify any negative or positive results in relation to measuring temperature at the axilla, rectal, skin, forehead and tympanic sites. Nurses need to be aware of the various temperature measurement methods, devices and factors influencing neonatal temperature recordings. New thermometers should be rigorously tested for suitability in the neonatal population. Evidence based practice remains important and studies need to continue into the accuracy and reliability of different temperature measurement devices and methods.

Estimation of Glacier Melt Water Contribution for Human Consumption in the Royal Andes Considering Temperature Measurement Errors

Glaciers from the West side of the Royal Andes are an important source of fresh water for some of the most important Bolivian cities like El Alto. Temperature is an important datum for hydrological modelling and for glacier melt estimation. All temperature measurement devices have some degree of uncertainty due to systematic errors; thus, any temperature measurement has some errors. It is important to estimate the influence of such errors on the results from hydrological models and the estimation of melt water. The present study estimates the melt water contribution from the glaciers Tuni and Huayna West as a source of water supply for human consumption of El Alto considering the errors from temperature measurements. The hydrologic response of the basins was simulated with a hydrologic model. The glacier melt contribution was estimated as the difference between the discharge from the current scenario (with glaciers) and the discharge from a scenario without glaciers. Several volumes of melt water were estimated considering the temperature measurement and its possible errors. The uncertainty of such melt water volume was addressed by performing a Monte Carlo analysis of the possible melt water. The melt water contribution from glacier Tuni and Huayna West during the hydrologic year 2011-2012 was between 1.37 × 106 m3 and 1.72 × 106 m3. Such water volume is enough to meet the yearly water demand of between 6.81% and 8.55% of El Alto.

GPU Accelerated Finite Element Simulation for Ultra-High Strength Steel Quenching

During the hot stamping of ultra-high strength steel (UHSS), the quenching effect of the mold on the sheet plays an important role to achieve the transition from austenite to martensite. Thus a finite element model for the quenching process of UHSS is established in this paper. The key points of the model include contact thermal conduction and the latent heat processing of phase transforming. Finite element program has been developed to calculate the temperature field of the UHSS quenching process, and temperature measurement device was used to get the temperature-time curve of the mold and the sheet to validate the calculation results. It can be concluded that the latent heat and thermal contact resistance have a critical influence on the temperature filed of the sheet during the hot stamping process. Finally, the parallel computation technology based on GPU(Graphics processing unit) was adopted to accelerate the calculation.

Design and Development of Automatic Temperature Measurement Device Based on Can Bus Technology

Design and Development of Automatic Temperature Measurement Device Based on Can Bus Technology

The Method of Conductor Resistance Autocompensation in New Two-Wire Thermistor Temperature Measurement

Thermistor has a large temperature range, good stability and resistance to oxidation, which occupies an important position in the low-temperature measurement. This article describes new two-wire thermistor temperature measurement device using the Freescale MC9S12XS128 MCU with sampling capacitance. The device is composed of the MCU with its own A/D, MC9S12XS128 MCU, sampling capacitance, amplifier, boosted circuit, data acquisition and processing system, constant current source, etc. Using constant current source and 16-bit A/D converter designs the temperature measurement circuit, it can eliminate the effect from the conductor resistances in the traditional two-wire resistance temperature measurement system and reduce the measurement error which conductor resistances bring. The method is simple, practical, with high accuracy, strong anti-interference ability and other characteristics.

Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Based on Transient Double-Hot Wire Technique

A new experimental apparatus has been developed for measuring the thermal conductivity of liquid by the two transient hot-wire method, which is based on the theory of one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction in infinite medium. The glass tubes, the heating line source and temperature measurement devices are designed in this experiment. As the temperature controller, low-temperature bath provides a constant water bath environment and current calibrator is the power source. Wheatstone bridge is used to test the relation between the temperature changes and resistance. Data acquisition and control unit is data acquisition devices of the Wheatstone bridge. As the temperature coefficient of platinum wire resistance is calibrated. It can be used to measure 32 groups of data from 10°C to 40°C at the every 10°C according to the experimental steps.

An optofluidic temperature probe.

We report the application of a microfluidic device for semi-contact temperature measurement in picoliter volumes of aqueous media. Our device, a freely positionable multifunctional pipette, operates by a hydrodynamic confinement principle, i.e., by creating a virtual flow cell of micrometer dimensions within a greater aqueous volume. We utilized two fluorescent rhodamines, which exhibit different fluorescent responses with temperature, and made ratiometric intensity measurements. The temperature dependence of the intensity ratio was calibrated and used in a model study of the thermal activation of TRPV1 ion channels expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Our approach represents a practical and robust solution to the specific problem of measuring temperature in biological experiments in vitro, involving highly localized heat generation, for example with an IR-B laser.

Repeatability of heat transfer tests in a 5 × 5 bundle geometry

This paper describes the repeatability and reliability of bundle heat transfer data obtained in a 5×5 PWR-type bundle subassembly operating at PWR conditions of interest. The 5×5 fuel bundle simulator, installed in the OMEGA-2 loop, is equipped with simple support grids, designed to have a low impact on the flow and heat transfer. The nine central heaters were equipped with the novel sliding thermocouple technique, capable of measuring the detailed axial and circumferential temperature distributions during single-phase and boiling heat transfer tests.In order to obtain highly accurate bundle heat transfer measurements, appropriate experimental procedures and in situ calibrations of all essential instrumentation were employed. This includes (i) the employment of calibrated reference fluid temperature measurement devices, (ii) in situ calibrations of fluid and heater-sheath thermocouples, (iii) calibration of heater wall thickness based on in situ measurements, and (iv) selection of data that satisfy strict acceptance criteria.After applying these corrections and data screening criteria, the measurement accuracy and repeatability was assessed by means of three different tests: (i) single phase heat transfer tests, (ii) boiling tests, and (iii) onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) tests. The results demonstrate the capability of the OMEGA-2 loop in obtaining highly accurate and repeatable single-phase and boiling heat transfer measurements in PWR-type subassemblies.

DESAIN ALAT UKUR SUHU DAN KELEMBABAN BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA 16

The has already designed temperature and humidity measurement devices using SHT11 sensor with display results in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Manually, the environmenttemperature was measured using a mercury thermometer and the environment humidity was measured by a hygrometer. The results were observed in analog and it often misread thus it caused errors in ready the data. To solve the problem, then were made a design temperature and humidity measuring devices digitally. The processor of this tool is ATMega16microcontroller that processes analog input signals to obtain a digital output. Temperature and humidity sensors SHT11 were used, the measurement results and read digital displayon the LCD. This design produced temperature and humidity measurement, aids accurately, it was ± 0.4 ° C and ± 3%.

Optical Fiber Temperature Measuring Technology Application Research in Power System

Electrical overheating and fire are multiple faults in power system, optical fiber temperature measurement technology is better than the traditional temperature measurement device. It can test electrical system changes in temperature more effective and reliable, thus effectively contain similar accidents. This paper expounds the optical fiber temperature monitoring system warning the working principle, system constitution and its characteristics, discusses the practical application of optical fiber temperature warning monitoring system in power system.

An Investigation of the Relation Between Contact Thermometry and Dew-Point Temperature Realization

Precision optical dew-point hygrometers are the most commonly used transfer standards for the comparison of dew-point temperature realizations at National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and for disseminating traceability to calibration laboratories. These instruments have been shown to be highly reproducible when properly used. In order to obtain the best performance, the resistance of the platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) embedded in the mirror is usually measured with an external, traceable resistance bridge or digital multimeter. The relation between the conventional calibration of miniature PRTs, prior to their assembly in the mirrors of state-of-the-art optical dew-point hygrometers and their subsequent calibration as dew-point temperature measurement devices, has been investigated. Standard humidity generators of three NMIs were used to calibrate hygrometers of different designs, covering the dew-point temperature range from −75 °C to + 95 °C. The results span more than a decade, during which time successive improvements and modifications were implemented by the manufacturer. The findings are presented and discussed in the context of enabling the optimum use of these transfer standards and as a basis for determining contributions to the uncertainty in their calibration.

HgCdTe Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth Temperature Calibration Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

In this work, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is demonstrated as a technique to calibrate growth temperature measurement devices (thermocouples and pyrometers) prior to real mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) growth. A pyrometer is used to control the substrate temperature in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for the growth of HgCdTe-based material. It is known that a very narrow optimal growth temperature range exists for HgCdTe, typically ±5°C. A nonoptimal growth temperature will negatively impact on material quality by inducing growth defects, reducing composition uniformity, causing difficulty in controlling doping incorporation, promoting poor electronic properties, and having other adverse effects. Herein, we present a method for measuring and calibrating substrate temperature measurement equipment by using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) prior to real HgCdTe growth. This method is easy to implement, nondestructive, and reliable. The proposed method requires one substrate with a surface material with optical properties well known in the temperature range of interest, but not necessarily the same base material as the material to be grown. In the specific case of this work, we use epitaxial CdTe material on top of a Si substrate. This wafer was used to create a database of its optical properties as a function of temperature by using SE. From the collected optical parameters, a model is built and a fit is generated from the SE data collected. The temperature can then be determined by fitting the temperature-dependent SE measurements from this specific CdTe material. The angle offset and surface roughness parameters are also included in the model to account for changes in the average run-to-run angle variations and surface conditions over time. This work does not attempt to obtain an absolute temperature, but rather a reliable and repeatable relative temperature measurement.

Linear Conditioning of an NTC Thermistor Using Nonlinear Operational Amplifier Circuits

Exponential nonlinearities in the thermistor limit the accuracy of the device for temperature measurement. This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel conditioning circuit for enhancing the accuracy of the sensor. Simulations of the conditioning circuit using MULTISIM were compared with the laboratory implementation. Results show that the proposed circuit could sufficiently linearise the thermistor characteristics and improve device sensitivity, throughout the range of sensor operation.

Wireless Temperature Measurement and Alarm Device Based on Single Bus Digital Temperature Sensor

AT89S52 microcontroller was the center controler for wireless temperature measurement and alarm system, through temperature measurement circuit and remote wireless alarm circuit, realized the temperature detection and off-limit alarm of the ambient temperature. The system was composed of temperature acquisition circuit, display circuit and alarm circuit. Temperature sensor was DS18B20, real-time temperature displayed via LED displayer. Users can customize the alarm lower limit and superior limit. when the ambient temperature exceeds the alarm limit, the microcontroller will start the sound and light alarm, and remote wireless alarm. Temperature measurement range from -40 °C to +85 °C, measurement accuracy is 0.5 °C, wireless alarm distance is up to 100 meters. This system is of high precision, wide temperature measurement, and timely alarm.

The management and prevention of inadvertent peri operative hypothermia (IPH)

Objectives This evidence based quality improvement project sought to measure current practice during the peri operative journey against recommendations from the evidence-based literature and guidelines, followed by the implementation of key strategies to reduce and manage IPH. Methods This project utilised a process of audit and feedback to measure current practice, implement recommended strategies and assess practice change in line with the evidence. Audits utilised eighteen criteria developed from three systematic reviews and four clinical guidelines. The inclusion criteria were adult patients over 18 years of age, undergoing general, local or regional anaesthesia. Patients less than 18 years of age, undergoing local anaesthesia only or sedation, or placed in induced hypothermia were excluded, as were any patients bypassing PACU after surgery. Sample size for the audits was 73 charts pre-implementation and 72 charts post-implementation. Strategies implemented to change practice included - consistent measurement of temperature, pre-warming prior to surgery and postoperative warming. Additional strategies included patient information and the maintenance of normothermia prior to surgery. Results Results were disseminated to staff after each audit via email, paper and oral presentation. Champions and opinion leaders were essential to drive change. Prior to the implementation of strategies the opportunity was given for staff to give feedback on the proposed changes. Post-implementation there was an 8% reduction in the number of hypothermic patients on arrival to PACU. Temperature measurement was introduced in the Pre Op Holding Bay. An increase in discharge temperature from 35.5°C to 36°C was adhered to, thereby increasing the number of normothermic patients returning to ward areas. Discussion The project has been successful in increasing an awareness of IPH as a problem that needs to be prevented and managed. Difficulties were experienced in the introduction of pre-warming and with implementing changes within such a complex work area with a high number of multidisciplinary working groups. Issues with the reliability and accuracy of temperature measurement devices were highlighted after the second audit and have ensured greater scrutiny of the measurement devices used in Operating Theatres. Conclusion Management of IPH has improved in line with best practice guidelines within this area of practice. However work is ongoing and, in particular, consideration is needed regarding temperature measurement devices and techniques to ensure consistency and accuracy. Further audits will be required in the future to ensure this practice is sustained.