Temperate Alpine Glacier Research Articles

Inferring glacier mass balance using radarsat: results from peyto glacier, canada

The capability of RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for the purpose of snow‐line/accumulation area mapping for a temperate alpine glacier is examined. In agreement with other orbital C‐band SAR studies, RADARSAT can discriminate between firn and bare ice facies. Limited observations are reported with respect to the electromagnetic variability of the ice facies in the ablation area, but they are inconclusive. Operational considerations are discussed with respect to reconciling the uncertainties of late‐summer weather and their possible impact on the dielectric and scattering properties of the glacier surface. Vagaries associated with other glacier settings, mass balance states and their associated facies configurations are discussed including the difficulty of using the transient snow‐line to define the equilibrium line and the lower extent of the accumulation area for glaciers where superimposed ice may form.The radar remote‐sensing reconnaissance of equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and accumulation area ratio (AAR) for estimating glacier mass balance requires serious consideration in those instances where traditional ground measurements used in the direct glaciological method are absent. However, with respect to the ELA, such estimates can vary depending on the accuracy of the reference digital elevation information. Moreover, for many glacier configurations, where mass balance variations due to altitude are influenced or in some cases completely masked by local balance variations, defining the ELA may be an irreconcilable problem. Using the AAR may be more robust in this regard. It is further determined that the total error inherent in the reconnaissance method would have serious implications for the confident estimation of mass balance normals and climate‐related trends if the method were to be utilized over the longer term.

The directional dependence of the Ground Penetrating Radar response on the accumulation zones of temperate Alpine glaciers

First BreakVolume 17, Issue 7 p. 249-259 The directional dependence of the Ground Penetrating Radar response on the accumulation zones of temperate Alpine glaciers Nobes, Nobes Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.Search for more papers by this author Nobes, Nobes Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.Search for more papers by this author First published: 24 December 2001 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2397.1999.00028.xCitations: 15 David C. Nobes E-mail: d.nobes@ geol.canterbury.ac.nz Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume17, Issue7July 1999Pages 249-259 RelatedInformation

Water flow through temperate glaciers

Understanding water movement through a glacier is fundamental to several critical issues in glaciology, including glacier dynamics, glacier‐induced floods, and the prediction of runoff from glacierized drainage basins. To this end we have synthesized a conceptual model of water movement through a temperate glacier from the surface to the outlet stream. Processes that regulate the rate and distribution of water input at the glacier surface and that regulate water movement from the surface to the bed play important but commonly neglected roles in glacier hydrology. Where a glacier is covered by a layer of porous, permeable firn (the accumulation zone), the flux of water to the glacier interior varies slowly because the firn temporarily stores water and thereby smooths out variations in the supply rate. In the firn‐free ablation zone, in contrast, the flux of water into the glacier depends directly on the rate of surface melt or rainfall and therefore varies greatly in time. Water moves from the surface to the bed through an upward branching arborescent network consisting of both steeply inclined conduits, formed by the enlargement of intergranular veins, and gently inclined conduits, spawned by water flow along the bottoms of near‐surface fractures (crevasses). Englacial drainage conduits deliver water to the glacier bed at a limited number of points, probably a long distance downglacier of where water enters the glacier. Englacial conduits supplied from the accumulation zone are quasi steady state features that convey the slowly varying water flux delivered via the firn. Their size adjusts so that they are usually full of water and flow is pressurized. In contrast, water flow in englacial conduits supplied from the ablation area is pressurized only near times of peak daily flow or during rainstorms; flow is otherwise in an open‐channel configuration. The subglacial drainage system typically consists of several elements that are distinct both morphologically and hydrologically. An upglacier branching, arborescent network of channels incised into the basal ice conveys water rapidly. Much of the water flux to the bed probably enters directly into the arborescent channel network, which covers only a small fraction of the glacier bed. More extensive spatially is a nonarborescent network, which commonly includes cavities (gaps between the glacier sole and bed), channels incised into the bed, and a layer of permeable sediment. The nonarborescent network conveys water slowly and is usually poorly connected to the arborescent system. The arborescent channel network largely collapses during winter but reforms in the spring as the first flush of meltwater to the bed destabilizes the cavities within the nonarborescent network. The volume of water stored by a glacier varies diurnally and seasonally. Small, temperate alpine glaciers seem to attain a maximum seasonal water storage of ∼200 mm of water averaged over the area of the glacier bed, with daily fluctuations of as much as 20–30 mm. The likely storage capacity of subglacial cavities is insufficient to account for estimated stored water volumes, so most water storage may actually occur englacially. Stored water may also be released abruptly and catastrophically in the form of outburst floods.

Advances in ice radar studies of a temperate alpine glacier, South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A.

South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A., is one of the most extensively studied glaciers in the Western Hemisphere. In addition to mass-balance measurements, which date to 1958, numerous hydrological investigations have been carried out during the last three decades, and repeated ice-thickness determinations have been made using a variety of techniques. In the late 1960s, the basal topography was initially determined by gravitimetric methods. In the mid-1970s some of the fist depth measurements using radar on temperate ice were made. The basal topography was remapped soon after from a series of point radar measurements and boreholes drilled to the glacier bottom. During the 1990s, the ice thickness was remapped using digital recording of continuous profiles that obtained over 5000 ice-thickness measurements. Profiles have been corrected for the finite beamwidth of the antenna radiation pattern and reflections in steep terrain, resulting in a significantly improved depiction of the basal surface and internal structures. The map based on our recent radar profiles confirms the large-scale features of the basal topography previously depicted and reveals more structural detail. A bright reflector was detected at the base of the glacier and could be traced in adjacent profiles. Comparison with results from water-level measurements in boreholes drilled to the bed indicates that the reflector is a subglacial conduit.

Advances in ice radar studies of a temperate alpine glacier, South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A.

South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A., is one of the most extensively studied glaciers in the Western Hemisphere. In addition to mass-balance measurements, which date to 1958, numerous hydrological investigations have been carried out during the last three decades, and repeated ice-thickness determinations have been made using a variety of techniques. In the late 1960s, the basal topography was initially determined by gravitimetric methods. In the mid-1970s some of the fist depth measurements using radar on temperate ice were made. The basal topography was remapped soon after from a series of point radar measurements and boreholes drilled to the glacier bottom. During the 1990s, the ice thickness was remapped using digital recording of continuous profiles that obtained over 5000 ice-thickness measurements. Profiles have been corrected for the finite beamwidth of the antenna radiation pattern and reflections in steep terrain, resulting in a significantly improved depiction of the basal surface and internal structures. The map based on our recent radar profiles confirms the large-scale features of the basal topography previously depicted and reveals more structural detail. A bright reflector was detected at the base of the glacier and could be traced in adjacent profiles. Comparison with results from water-level measurements in boreholes drilled to the bed indicates that the reflector is a subglacial conduit.

The influence of englacial drainage on sediment-transport pathways and till texture of temperate valley glaciers

Field studies at Mueller and Tasman Glaciers in New Zealand and in Iceland have revealed extensive ice-marginal moraine sequences fed by a series of debris bands containing characteristic rounded debris. We interpret these debris bands as meltwater deposits from relict conduits. The process of sediment accumulation described requires that debris undergoing basal or high-level ice transport is entrained by running water, becoming comminuted and rounded before being returned to high-level ice transport and eventual deposition in marginal moraines. Tins sequence of events suggests a link between glacier hydrology and ice-marginal sedimentation, possible mechanisms for which are explored. Pronounced moraines with rounded debris can be expected if (a) large quantity of debris is carried within the englacial drainage network; (b) there is a tendency for this debris to be abandoned within the ice; and (c) ice-flow trajectories and ablation ensure that this debris congregates at the ice surface. Streams which flow at high level within the ice can intercept and entrain englacial debris derived from rock fall. However, debris sources at Gigjökull and Steinholtsjökull in Iceland are restricted to the glacier bed, suggesting that, in certain cases, the presence of a basal overdeepening acts as a key factor controlling the accumulation of these moraines. Water pressure rises as channels encounter an overdeepening, forcing debris-laden streams to leave the bed and take an englacial route. That debris may pass from ice to water and back into ice before deposition has gone largely unrecognised in accounts of glacial process systems, yet it provides an explanation of how temperate alpine glaciers can include water-worked debris in their marginal depositional facies.

The influence of englacial drainage on sediment-transport pathways and till texture of temperate valley glaciers

Field studies at Mueller and Tasman Glaciers in New Zealand and in Iceland have revealed extensive ice-marginal moraine sequences fed by a series of debris bands containing characteristic rounded debris. We interpret these debris bands as meltwater deposits from relict conduits. The process of sediment accumulation described requires that debris undergoing basal or high-level ice transport is entrained by running water, becoming comminuted and rounded before being returned to high-level ice transport and eventual deposition in marginal moraines. Tins sequence of events suggests a link between glacier hydrology and ice-marginal sedimentation, possible mechanisms for which are explored. Pronounced moraines with rounded debris can be expected if (a) large quantity of debris is carried within the englacial drainage network; (b) there is a tendency for this debris to be abandoned within the ice; and (c) ice-flow trajectories and ablation ensure that this debris congregates at the ice surface. Streams which flow at high level within the ice can intercept and entrain englacial debris derived from rock fall. However, debris sources at Gigjökull and Steinholtsjökull in Iceland are restricted to the glacier bed, suggesting that, in certain cases, the presence of a basal overdeepening acts as a key factor controlling the accumulation of these moraines. Water pressure rises as channels encounter an overdeepening, forcing debris-laden streams to leave the bed and take an englacial route. That debris may pass from ice to water and back into ice before deposition has gone largely unrecognised in accounts of glacial process systems, yet it provides an explanation of how temperate alpine glaciers can include water-worked debris in their marginal depositional facies.

Behaviour of New Zealand Glaciers and Atmospheric Circulation Changes over the Past 130 years

There is renewed interest as to the impact of future climate change on temperate alpine glaciers because of their role as indicators of past and ongoing changes, and due to their possible involvement in sea-level rise. Substantial changes in termini of New Zealand glaciers since the nineteenth century are compared with variations in atmospheric circulation patterns over the southwest Pacific region. Reconstructed sea-level pressure patterns are used back to 1911. Atmospheric circulation indices obtained from pressure differences between appropriate stations are extended back to the 1860s. Circulation anomalies are examined for winter (related to glacier accumulation), and for summer (related to glacier ablation). Behaviour of glacier termini is found to be strongly linked with circulation changes, especially in summer. Latitudinal shifts in the southern margin of the subtropical high pressure zone are identified as important. An advance of some glaciers since 1980 is consistent with circulation changes over the New Zealand region induced by two large El Niño events.

Isotope Measurements in an Ice Core from a Temperate Alpine Glacier (Vernagtferner, Austria) (Abstract)

In 1979 ice-core drilling was carried out in the accumulation area of the temperate Alpine glacier Vernagtferner (Ötztaler Alpen, Austria). The cores are among the few cores from temperate glaciers in the eastern Alps. Encouraged by the results of the isotope analysis (2H, 18O, 3H) of this core, which proved that it was possible to detect the annual layering in the firn, a second drilling operation was undertaken in 1983. One core (IV) was drilled near the 1979 drilling site, in order to check the results from the first core. A second one (VI) was drilled near the equilibrium line, in order to obtain information on the isotope content of the ice body near the ablation area. In addition, the electrical conductivity was also measured. The paper presents the measurements of the 80 m core VI of 1983: 18O and 2H profile, together with the calculated deuterium excess d, as well as the 3H profile, which gives evidence of the 1952-63 nuclear-bomb tests already at a depth of between approximately 4.5 and 7 m below the surface. There is a discrepancy of about 0.5 m between the maximum 3H peak and the peak of an in-situ gamma-ray log. The latter would coincide better with the 18O layering, so that there remains an uncertainty of 3 years in dating the upper 20 years of accumulation. The annual variations in the isotope content remain recognizable, especially with the aid of the deuterium excess. Thus it is possible to compare the thickness of the annual layers of the earlier core I (in the accumulation area) with that of the later core VI (which is located at a lower elevation) and see how the layers become thinner. Comparing cores I and IV, possible sources of changes in the isotope content, such as melt-water flow, are discussed.

Isotope Measurements in an Ice Core from a Temperate Alpine Glacier (Vernagtferner, Austria) (Abstract)

In 1979 ice-core drilling was carried out in the accumulation area of the temperate Alpine glacier Vernagtferner (Ötztaler Alpen, Austria). The cores are among the few cores from temperate glaciers in the eastern Alps. Encouraged by the results of the isotope analysis (2H, 18O, 3H) of this core, which proved that it was possible to detect the annual layering in the firn, a second drilling operation was undertaken in 1983. One core (IV) was drilled near the 1979 drilling site, in order to check the results from the first core. A second one (VI) was drilled near the equilibrium line, in order to obtain information on the isotope content of the ice body near the ablation area. In addition, the electrical conductivity was also measured. The paper presents the measurements of the 80 m core VI of 1983: 18O and 2H profile, together with the calculated deuterium excess d, as well as the 3H profile, which gives evidence of the 1952-63 nuclear-bomb tests already at a depth of between approximately 4.5 and 7 m below the surface. There is a discrepancy of about 0.5 m between the maximum 3H peak and the peak of an in-situ gamma-ray log. The latter would coincide better with the 18O layering, so that there remains an uncertainty of 3 years in dating the upper 20 years of accumulation. The annual variations in the isotope content remain recognizable, especially with the aid of the deuterium excess. Thus it is possible to compare the thickness of the annual layers of the earlier core I (in the accumulation area) with that of the later core VI (which is located at a lower elevation) and see how the layers become thinner. Comparing cores I and IV, possible sources of changes in the isotope content, such as melt-water flow, are discussed.

Isotope Studies of Ice Cores from a Temperate Alpine Glacier (Vernagtferner, Austria) with Respect to the Meltwater Flow

Core drillings were carried out in 1979 and 1983 on the temperate Alpine glacier Vernagtferner, Ötztal Alps, Austria. In addition, studies on the variation of the water table of the firn were carried out in the bore holes. The 18O, 2H and 3H content of the cores, as well as the electrical conductivity, were measured. The isotope profiles and the electrical conductivity of the 1983 core display a strong damping in comparison with the profiles from the 1979 core for the depth from 17 to 20 m (10.5 to 13 m water equivalent) below the surface. In the 1983 core, the 3H contents are lower, and the 2H and 18O contents are more homogenized. This core section lies between the lower and upper limits of the water table fluctuations from 1979 to 1982, and it is also assumed that the transition from firn to ice takes place at this depth of the glacier. The most reasonable explanation for this damping is that within the range of the firn water table important isotopic and chemical exchanges between the meltwater and the porous medium (firn) take place. It is also possible that a small amount of meltwater is included in the firn while it is changing into ice.

Isotope Studies of Ice Cores from a Temperate Alpine Glacier (Vernagtferner, Austria) with Respect to the Meltwater Flow

Core drillings were carried out in 1979 and 1983 on the temperate Alpine glacier Vernagtferner, Ötztal Alps, Austria. In addition, studies on the variation of the water table of the firn were carried out in the bore holes. The 18O, 2H and 3H content of the cores, as well as the electrical conductivity, were measured. The isotope profiles and the electrical conductivity of the 1983 core display a strong damping in comparison with the profiles from the 1979 core for the depth from 17 to 20 m (10.5 to 13 m water equivalent) below the surface. In the 1983 core, the 3H contents are lower, and the 2H and 18O contents are more homogenized. This core section lies between the lower and upper limits of the water table fluctuations from 1979 to 1982, and it is also assumed that the transition from firn to ice takes place at this depth of the glacier. The most reasonable explanation for this damping is that within the range of the firn water table important isotopic and chemical exchanges between the meltwater and the porous medium (firn) take place. It is also possible that a small amount of meltwater is included in the firn while it is changing into ice.

Glacier hydrology and the potential for subglacial karstification

Contemporary models of subglacial hydrology identify two quasi-independent hydrologic systems at the bed of temperate alpine glaciers: a dendritic, low pressure conduit network and a more extensive, high pressure regelation film. Observations in Castleguard Cave beneath the Columbia Icefield suggest that this distinction continues into the groundwater system; the conduit waters draining through erosional shafts, and the film waters percolating through a network of fine cracks and fissures, depositing calcite when encountering the cave atmosphere. The depleted aggressiveness of glacial meltwater limits its potential for karst development, even if comparatively large discharges are involved. However, conduit waters arc capable of developing short lengths of cave passage during a glacial epoch. Such passages can develop as cross-links to pre-existing karst, and may appear anomalous in the post-glacial landscape. The hydrochemical nature of the regelation film is unknown, although some erosional evolution is probably occurring along the flow route. The regelation-percolation flow system may be important in the initiation of karst flow routes, although the nature of the regelation film prevents further development, and subsequent evolution must involve conduit waters. Subglacial karst is most likely to develop in elevated areas, beneath comparatively thin ice, around the firn line, rather than beneath valley glaciers or high under the upper accumulation zone. Karst may cause relatively low ice velocities and decrease glacial erosion rates.

Calendar

North Cascade glacier annual balance measured on 10 glaciers from 1984 to 2009 yielded mean annual balance (ba) of −0.51 m/y, and −13.26 m cumulatively. This is a significant loss for glaciers that average 30–60 m in thickness, 20–40% of their entire volume. This rapid volume loss has led to the complete loss of two glaciers, Spider and Lewis Glacier. This indicates the need for a method of forecasting glacier survival in the region. Temperate alpine glacier survival is dependent on the consistent presence of an accumulation zone. If a glacier does not have a persistent accumulation zone, all areas of the glacier will experience thinning, including the former accumulation zone. Examination of the accumulation zone can identify thinning from substantial marginal recession, emergence of new rock outcrops, and surface elevation declines in the accumulation zone. Nine of the 12 North Cascade glaciers examined exhibit these characteristics. Each glacier that exhibited accumulation zone thinning features also had frequent low annual accumulation area ratio values, below 0.30. This indicates the lack of a persistent accumulation zone.

Toxicities of PCBs to Fish and Environmental Residues

ArticlesOpen AccessToxicities of PCBs to Fish and Environmental Residues David L. Stalling, and Foster Lee Mayer Jr. David L. Stalling Search for more papers by this author and Foster Lee Mayer Jr. Search for more papers by this author Published:1 April 1972https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7201159Cited by:21AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By Steinlin C, Bogdal C, Lüthi M, Pavlova P, Schwikowski M, Zennegg M, Schmid P, Scheringer M and Hungerbühler K (2016) A Temperate Alpine Glacier as a Reservoir of Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Model Results of Incorporation, Transport, and Release, Environmental Science & Technology, 10.1021/acs.est.5b05886, 50:11, (5572-5579), Online publication date: 7-Jun-2016. Grilo T, Cardoso P, Pato P, Duarte A and Pardal M (2014) Uptake and depuration of PCB-153 in edible shrimp Palaemonetes varians and human health risk assessment, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.12.020, 101, (97-102), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2014. Leroy D, Haubruge E, De Pauw E, Thomé J and Francis F (2010) Development of ecotoxicoproteomics on the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex: Identification of PCB biomarkers in glycolysis and glutamate pathways, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.11.006, 73:3, (343-352), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2010. Hendricks J (2003) Adventitious Toxins Fish Nutrition, 10.1016/B978-012319652-1/50011-2, (601-649), . Hugla J and Thomé J (1999) Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on Liver Ultrastructure, Hepatic Monooxygenases, and Reproductive Success in the Barbel, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 10.1006/eesa.1998.1761, 42:3, (265-273), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1999. REIJNDERS P (1988) Environmental impact of PCBs in the marine environment Environmental Protection of the North Sea, 10.1016/B978-0-434-91370-1.50012-0, (85-98), . Barsano C (2018) Environmental factors altering thyroid function and their assessment., Environmental Health Perspectives, 38, (71-82), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1981. Bengtsson B (1980) Long-term effects of PCB (Clophen A50) on growth, reproduction and swimming performance in the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus, Water Research, 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90127-X, 14:6, (681-687), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1980. Kalmaz E and Kalmaz G (1979) Transport, distribution and toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in ecosystems: Review, Ecological Modelling, 10.1016/0304-3800(79)90014-0, 6:3, (223-251), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1979. (2018) General summary and conslusions, Environmental Health Perspectives, 24, (191-198), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1978.Pomerantz I, Burke J, Firestone D, McKinney J, Roach J and Trotter W (2018) Chemistry of PCBs and PBBs, Environmental Health Perspectives, 24, (133-146), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1978.Matthews H, Fries G, Gardner A, Garthoff L, Goldstein J, Ku Y and Moore J (2018) Metabolism and biochemical toxicity of PCBs and PBBs, Environmental Health Perspectives, 24, (147-155), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1978. Engelhardt G, Tillmanns G, Wallnöfer P and Hutzinger O (1977) Eiodegradation of di-iso-butyl phthalate and related dialkyl phthalates by, Chemosphere, 10.1016/0045-6535(77)90099-6, 6:6, (347-354), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1977. Melancon M and Lech J (2013) Isolation and identification of a polar metabolite of tetrachlorobiphenyl from bile of rainbow trout exposed to14C-tetrachlorobiphenyl, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 10.1007/BF01685158, 15:2, (181-188), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1976. Spalding J, Ford E and Lane D (1976) Effect of 4-chlorobiphenyl on substrate transport and phospholipid metabolism in mouse L5178Y lymphoma cells, Biochemical Pharmacology, 10.1016/0006-2952(76)90429-9, 25:18, (2051-2058), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1976. Courtney W and Denton G (1976) Persistence of polychlorinated biphenyls in the hard-clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) and the effect upon the distribution of these pollutants in the estuarine environment, Environmental Pollution (1970), 10.1016/0013-9327(76)90095-1, 10:1, (55-64), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1976. Maki A and Johnson H (2013) Effects of PCB (aroclor 1254) and p,p'DDT on production and survival ofDaphnia Magna strauss, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 10.1007/BF01721844, 13:4, (412-416), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1975. Vessman J and Rietz G (1974) Determination of di(ethylhexyl) phthalate in human plasma and plasma proteins by electron capture gas chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86049-5, 100:1, (153-163), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1974. Crosby D and Moilanen K (2013) Photodecomposition of chlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 10.1007/BF01721006, 10:6, (372-377), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1973. Kimbrough R, Barnes M and Greig J (2008) The Toxicity of Polychlorinated Polycyclic Compounds and Related Chemicals, CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 10.3109/10408447309025705, 2:4, (445-498), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1973. (1972) Preface, Environmental Research, 10.1016/0013-9351(72)90002-3, 5:3, (253), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1972. Vol. 1April 1972Metrics Downloaded 144 times About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 April 1972Published in print1 April 1972 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.

Toxicities of PCBs to Fish and Environmental Residues

ArticlesOpen AccessToxicities of PCBs to Fish and Environmental Residues David L. Stalling and Foster Lee Mayer Jr. David L. Stalling Search for more papers by this author and Foster Lee Mayer Jr. Search for more papers by this author Published:1 April 1972https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7201159Cited by:21AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by Steinlin C, Bogdal C, Lüthi M, Pavlova P, Schwikowski M, Zennegg M, Schmid P, Scheringer M and Hungerbühler K (2016) A Temperate Alpine Glacier as a Reservoir of Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Model Results of Incorporation, Transport, and Release, Environmental Science & Technology, 10.1021/acs.est.5b05886, 50:11, (5572-5579), Online publication date: 7-Jun-2016. Grilo T, Cardoso P, Pato P, Duarte A and Pardal M (2014) Uptake and depuration of PCB-153 in edible shrimp Palaemonetes varians and human health risk assessment, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.12.020, 101, (97-102), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2014. Leroy D, Haubruge E, De Pauw E, Thomé J and Francis F (2010) Development of ecotoxicoproteomics on the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex: Identification of PCB biomarkers in glycolysis and glutamate pathways, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.11.006, 73:3, (343-352), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2010. Hendricks J (2003) Adventitious Toxins Fish Nutrition, 10.1016/B978-012319652-1/50011-2, (601-649), . Hugla J and Thomé J (1999) Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on Liver Ultrastructure, Hepatic Monooxygenases, and Reproductive Success in the Barbel, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 10.1006/eesa.1998.1761, 42:3, (265-273), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1999. REIJNDERS P (1988) Environmental impact of PCBs in the marine environment Environmental Protection of the North Sea, 10.1016/B978-0-434-91370-1.50012-0, (85-98), . Barsano C (2018) Environmental factors altering thyroid function and their assessment., Environmental Health Perspectives, 38, (71-82), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1981. Bengtsson B (1980) Long-term effects of PCB (Clophen A50) on growth, reproduction and swimming performance in the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus, Water Research, 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90127-X, 14:6, (681-687), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1980. Kalmaz E and Kalmaz G (1979) Transport, distribution and toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in ecosystems: Review, Ecological Modelling, 10.1016/0304-3800(79)90014-0, 6:3, (223-251), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1979. (2018) General summary and conslusions, Environmental Health Perspectives, 24, (191-198), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1978.Pomerantz I, Burke J, Firestone D, McKinney J, Roach J and Trotter W (2018) Chemistry of PCBs and PBBs, Environmental Health Perspectives, 24, (133-146), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1978.Matthews H, Fries G, Gardner A, Garthoff L, Goldstein J, Ku Y and Moore J (2018) Metabolism and biochemical toxicity of PCBs and PBBs, Environmental Health Perspectives, 24, (147-155), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1978. Engelhardt G, Tillmanns G, Wallnöfer P and Hutzinger O (1977) Eiodegradation of di-iso-butyl phthalate and related dialkyl phthalates by, Chemosphere, 10.1016/0045-6535(77)90099-6, 6:6, (347-354), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1977. Melancon M and Lech J (2013) Isolation and identification of a polar metabolite of tetrachlorobiphenyl from bile of rainbow trout exposed to14C-tetrachlorobiphenyl, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 10.1007/BF01685158, 15:2, (181-188), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1976. Spalding J, Ford E and Lane D (1976) Effect of 4-chlorobiphenyl on substrate transport and phospholipid metabolism in mouse L5178Y lymphoma cells, Biochemical Pharmacology, 10.1016/0006-2952(76)90429-9, 25:18, (2051-2058), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1976. Courtney W and Denton G (1976) Persistence of polychlorinated biphenyls in the hard-clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) and the effect upon the distribution of these pollutants in the estuarine environment, Environmental Pollution (1970), 10.1016/0013-9327(76)90095-1, 10:1, (55-64), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1976. 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(1972) Preface, Environmental Research, 10.1016/0013-9351(72)90002-3, 5:3, (253), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1972. Vol. 1April 1972Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 April 1972Published in print1 April 1972 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.