Telecommunication Facilities Research Articles

Emission inventory of greenhouse gases and sustainable energy for mobile telecommunication facilities in Nigeria

The annual emission rates of three key greenhouse gases and their total carbon dioxide equivalents were determined for the operation of several thousands of diesel fueled electric power generators deployed across the base transceiver stations (BTS) of telecommunication industries in Nigeria. Emission inventory technique was adopted for the determination of annual emission rates of individual greenhouse gas while and global warming potentials were used to convert these emissions to carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e). Results showed that the annual levels of N20, CH4 and CO2 which were 242.88 ton/year, 80.76 ton/year and 1617 kton/year, respectively in 2012 rose to 317.42 ton/year, 105.54 ton/year and 2113 kton/year in 2014. By the end of 2020, these had risen to 561.97 ton/year, 186.86 ton/year, and 3741 kton/year, respectively. The total GHG emission rose from 1.7 × 106 tCO2e in 2012 to 2.2 × 106 tCO2e in 2014 and by 2020 it had reached 3.9 × 106 tCO2e. Going by the projected 80,000 diesel fueled electric power generators, the total emission rate of the three GHGs (tCO2 eq) is expected to hit 5.8 × 106 tCO2e in the nearest future. Considering the implications of these on the global climate, the deployment of hybrid renewable energy sources is considered necessary as against burning of diesel.

Telemedicine in hepatology

Telemedicine involves medical consultation through telecommunication facilities using online devices. Literatures review has been done. Telemedicine includes following components. Interactive (live) Medicine: it allows patients and physicians to communicate in real-time, while the two are distant locations. They share information from one computer screen to another. Communication is encrypted and transferred. Health data like heart rate, blood pressure, glucose levels are shared. Interaction is done among patient, nearby health professionals or doctors at remote areas with a specialist doctor for diagnosis and management of certain health conditions. It may be used for second opinion or for opinion of other specialities. Many subdivisions are existing even today like 'teleradiology', telepathology. Telemedicine services are evolving for almost all branched of medicine like Mental Health, Pediatric, Dermatology, etc. Specialized Mobile Health devices: in Smartphone, the person opens the app and clicks to choose a doctor. Small scopes and other peripherals can be plugged into a mobile phone. These devices transform the phone into a pocket-sized diagnosis tool, excellent for point-of-care tests. These devices are Digital stethoscope, EKG, Pulse oximeter, Ultrasound, Blood pressure cuff, Otoscope, Dermatoscope, etc. Online Medical Centres are evolving with 24/7 online medical facilities. Setting up of telemedicine: various Video-conferencing software like OnCall Health, DrChrono HER, etc are available. Portable telemedicine kits includes a computer and mobile medical devices (ECG). Disadvantages: no clear administrative policy is available. Data leak is of concern. Telemedicine is an evolving concept and is the need of hours.

Failure Modes in Electricity and Telecommunication Facilities in Dwellings in Spain

The value of a house depends not only on the quality of the construction elements but also on the functionality of its installations. Making mistakes during the design and even execution phases of installations in newly built homes is common. This paper determines, catalogues, and quantifies faults in electrical and telecommunications installations in dwellings based on owners’ complaints and using the ‘learning from faults’ philosophy. To this end, 154 complaints concerning these installations in all of Spain were analyzed and protocolized. The results show that, in all types of dwellings, the most common fault was ‘alterations and malfunctions’ (81%), followed by ‘incorrect or lack of placement of elements’ (14%). The pathological origin with the greatest presence in the research was ‘shortcomings and omissions in the installation’ (40%) and ‘anomalies in the installation’ (36%). Moreover, all functional deterioration processes as well as the type of dwelling where each of these parameters occurred most were defined and quantified (association between each fault and its cause). Finally, the ‘probability factor’ (PF) was determined, which numerically quantifies the probable existence of complaints according to four ranges. The results will pave the way for more precise inspections during the construction phase.

Sulfur Damage and Its Countermeasures in Telecommunication Equipment and Facilities

Sulfur Damage and Its Countermeasures in Telecommunication Equipment and Facilities

A Comparative Analysis of Fibre Bragg Grating Sensor and Conventional Electrical Strain Gauge Model for Structural Health Monitoring

This research work presents a comparative analysis of Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor model and the conventional Electrical Strain Gauge (ESG) model for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). SHM have been mainly deployed in telecommunication facilities owing to their exceptional ability to monitor infrastructures in hazardous environment. In this research, the FBG sensitivity was compared with that of the ESG sensor at different strain and stress values, at Poisson’s ratio ( ) of 0.19525 and 0.3, at effective refractive index (neff) of 1.44 and 1.5, and Gauge Factor (GF) of 1.1 and 1.5 respectively. FBG (A) is the FBG sensor with Poisson’s ratio of 0.3 and effective refractive index of 1.44, while FBG (B) is the FBG sensor with Poisson’s ratio of 0.19525 and effective refractive index of 1.5. The simulation result shows that FBG(A)performs better than FBG(B)by, 7.25% and 8.05% increment in sensitivity strain and stress. Also, 2.7% increment in sensitivity for ESG was achieved for induced strain and stress values on the composite structure at GF of 1.1 and 1.5 respectively. Additionally, it was observed from the obtained results that there exists a linear relationship between the FBG and ESG sensors. This observation shows that the FBG sensor can perfectly replace the conventional ESG sensor in SHM, in view of the additional advantages of the FBG sensor which are small size, immune to electromagnetic interference, light weight just to mention a few over ESG sensor.

Modeling Service Quality and Satisfaction of Evacuation Center Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)

The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between evacuees' perception of service quality and their level of satisfaction on the services provided at the evacuation center. The measurement of the relationship between the constructs was analyzed by using the PLS-SEM. About 600 questionnaires were administered in three locations—Kemaman (Terengganu), Kuala Krai (Kelantan), and Temerloh (Pahang)—that are severely affected by floods during the monsoon season from November to March. The results revealed that evacuees' perceived service quality on the seven dimensions of services such as food catering, health and safety, transportation, volunteers, site services, telecommunication, and special facilities for special needs significantly influence their overall satisfaction. The outcome was the identification of seven key service variables of an evacuation center that have impacted to evacuees' overall satisfaction. This study hopes to assist the government in providing continuous quality of services to evacuees in the evacuation center in Malaysia.

Corrosion and Protection of Facilities and Infrastructures in Telecommunications Industry - A Review

A review of corrosion and protection of telecommunications facilities and infrastructures is reported here. The article gives a brief insight into the broad aspects of basic corrosion and telecommunications engineering and technology. These areas of discussion include all telecommunications metallic materials and equipment, buildings, and masts/towers. The review also discussed various corrosion protection methods such as organic/inorganic coatings, hot dip galvanizing, electroplating and electroless plating, cathodic protection, materials selection and systems design. The protection level for different components of the tower to which cathodic protection is used includes tower base, foundation of telecommunication shelters, buried portion of waveguide bridges, anchor shafts, and grounding system which were briefly discussed.

Critical Thinking and Intercultural Competence: Review, Use, and Classification of the 21st Century Skills in Intercultural EFL Education

We all live in a globalised world today, and even the smallest interactions taking place in our daily lives can now take place in a global level thanks to the advancements in telecommunication facilities. To keep up with these intercultural interactions, whether virtually or in real life, people now need some abilities for effective communication and cooperation, and 21st Century Skills are a way to address this need. Among these skills, critical thinking – clear and rational thinking, might be a helpful way of approaching issues arising from intercultural communication and guiding learners in developing their intercultural communication and interaction skills. Both of these competences are used in the area of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL), in textbooks, materials, and assessment tools. This article review aims at scanning the literature to find traces of different uses of the skill of critical thinking and intercultural competence in the EFL context to tackle issues resulting from intercultural communication or develop language learners’ intercultural competence. The study also intends to classify these uses by analysing similar patterns in the studies investigated. The review explores 14 studies discussing these two competences in the EFL context and determines three distinct approaches by the researchers.

Basics Telecommunication System Covers Working Principles and Emerging Problems

This article discusses the basics of the telecommunications system covering developments, working principles and emerging problems in telecommunications. The telecommunications system is all elements of both telecommunications infrastructure, equipment, facilities and infrastructure, as well as telecommunications operators, so that long-distance communication can be carried out. During the journey the information will pass through various media with different characteristics. So that it allows the occurrence of high delays and large packet loss, all of which will reduce the quality of the information received. The quality of the transmission medium determines the quality of the information received. Because as long as it is in the media, it is certain that the information will experience damping which will reduce the quality of the information. In order to communicate properly, the channel provided is not only physical media but also logical lines (frequency channels), considering that these frequency channels are expensive and limited.

Calculation of the payback period for the introduction of reactive power sources into power supply systems

At present, the sources of reactive power are widely used in telecommunication facilities that have windings (electric motors, transformers, etc.) in the design. To manage these sources, necessary to introduce new technical means and elements, including microprocessor blocks. Combined control of reactive power sources and voltage regulation with the help of a microprocessor-based unit of electric receivers of telecommunication objects turns out to be technical and economical not only for reactive power sources, but also for lowering transformers of the power supply system.

Surface Treatment Technologies Applied to Telecommunication Facilities

Surface Treatment Technologies Applied to Telecommunication Facilities

Telemedicine Application in Neonatal Resuscitation Programs During COVID-19 Pandemic

One of the drawbacks of COVID-19 infection pandemic is home staying and less transfer and face to face communications resulting in worldwide extension in use of many telecommunication applications. Telemedicine is defined as on-line delivery of health care services (diagnosis, treatment and follow-up) through communications technology devices as smartphones, laptops or androids using telecommunication facilities. All over the last few years, many studies conducted to evaluate the value of application of telemedicine in neonatal disorders like retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), tele-echocardiography, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), neonatal resuscitation and family support after discharge from NICUs. In this editorial we will highlight the application of telemedicine use in neonatal resuscitation either in the delivery room or in NRP Programs. In conclusion: Telemedicine application in neonatology is a rapidly progressing and becoming integrated into health care services as a way to facilitate access for many neonatal disorders like retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), tele-echocardiography, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), neonatal resuscitation and family support after discharge from NICUs. We need more studies in Egypt to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this modality of health care service.

Digital Pilkada: Have Local Elections (Pilkada) been Affected by Digitalization? Attainment, Challenges, and Policy Solutions

The advancement of digital technology forces humans to make adjustments in all aspects of life, likewise, with the local elections' holding (Pilkada). However, the conditions for each region in the Indonesian archipelago have different problems. Availability of telecommunication facilities, local elections (Pilkada) organizers, level of difficulty in Frontier, Outermost, and Disadvantaged Region (3T), community digital literacy level, and accuracy of results. Have the local elections (Pilkada) been digitalized? How far has it been achieved? What challenges are faced, and what are the solutions? Several studies on e-voting, even the local elections (Pilkada) digitization, have been carried out. This study is novel because it looks at the 2020 local elections (Pilkada) implementation from digitalization that was carried out in line with the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to data limitations and availability, this study only focuses on implementing local elections (Pilkada) in nine provinces. This study uses a qualitative method based on a literature review with a systematic review method. The study aims to reveal the achievements and challenges of digitalization in the implementation of local elections (Pilkada) along with policy solutions so that digitalization is more completed. Through analysis, it was found that the organizers of the local elections (Pilkada) have made efforts to realize digitalization. Various Subscriber Identity Modules (SIM) and applications have been created by the General Election Commission (KPU), the General Election Supervisory Board (Bawaslu), and the General Election Organizer Honorary Council (DKPP). It is hoped that digitalization will further increase the effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of service. Besides, the data shows that there are obstacles in the field, especially the availability of telecommunication infrastructure, which is very diverse in the nine provinces. Fundamentally, it is necessary to formulate regulations/policies that synergize the implementation of local elections (Pilkada) through the adoption of digital technology based on the internet of things (IoT), big data analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI). The local elections (Pilkada) digitization brings several benefits - more transparent, accountable, credible, practical, and economical. On the other hand, the community feels more of its services because the digital local elections (Pilkada) procession educates the public to elect local leaders with integrity.

MODELING NONLINEAR ELEMENTS OF CRITICAL COMPUTER NETWORK

The subject of research discussed in the paper is indicators of a critical network performance. The research target is a model of nonlinear elements of a critical network. The research objective is creation of a model for nonlinear elements of computer network (CN) telecommunications facilities of a critical system providing the desired parameters of QoS. The paper fulfills the following tasks: analysis of the main factors causing impaired service quality in CN; creation of a model for a small nonlinearity impact on forming free oscillations by generating a relevant motion equation; analysis of oscillator free motion presented in the form of the Duffing equation; working out a general integral of the Duffing equation as applied to a stiff system. The research methods used are: the foundations of the theory of computer systems and networks and the nonlinear differential equations theory. The results obtained are as follows: the main factors presumably causing impaired network services of forensic systems are analyzed; it was found that one of the main causes is the telecommunications component of CN, which possesses a number of critical parameters, including lack of stability and robustness of data signal frequency; numerical simulation of the findings was performed. Conclusions: a formula was devised to define the relationship between the free oscillation frequency and the oscillation system energy with reference to nonlinearity which takes into account the parameters of the oscillation system initial state at startup; nonlinearity of the oscillation system of a self-oscillator has a significant impact on accuracy and stability of its output oscillation frequencies; it was determined that for equivalent nonlinearity parameter values k>0.1 there is a considerable mismatch between the reference signal and the actual signal transmitted in the network, which can cause a large deterioration of QoS; further research should be aimed at development of hardware-software tools making it possible to reduce the impact of small nonlinearities of telecommunications equipment elements of critical networks on quality of performance.

Forecast dynamics of human and technical factors influence on railway automation operational reliability

The correlation of the influence of human and technical factors on railway automation operational reliability has been processed over the past few years. For these purposes, the reports of the Department of Automation and Telecommunications of the Joint Stock Company «Ukrainian Railways» for 2010-2018 were used, as well as materials from relevant publications and scientific conferences. Trends have been formed on the dynamics of human and technical factors influence on the operational reliability of railway automation, which is determined by the failure statistics depending on the influence of various components. Using the methods of quadratic regression and moving average, taking into account the current trends in the dynamics of failures by years, a forecast of the ratio of these factors up to 2030 has been made up. The selected forecasting end date has been determined by the Ukraine’s Transport Strategy approved by the government, in which the specified year is defined as the final one. It has been established that in the absence of comprehensive modernization of the automation and telecommunications facilities in the railway sector, as early as in 2024, the equalization of the influence of human and technical factors on the operational reliability of automation devices is to take place, with the subsequent growth of the technical factor. Accordingly, the conclusion has been made that the problem of modernization of systems and means of automation in railway transport with the use of digitalization technologies for technological processes has become still more urgent

Legal Protection of Children as Witnesses in the Crime of Rape

Legal protection for victim witnesses in the trial becomes an important issue that must be addressed. because in the field implementation there were not a few victims witnesses worried about giving their testimony at the trial because there was no legal certainty in the form of protection in the trial. The problem in writing this thesis is how is the legal protection of children as witnesses in cases of rape crimes? Why are there obstacles to the protection of children as witnesses in cases of rape crimes? This study uses a juridical normative and empirical approach. Normative research is done on things that are theoretical principles of law, while the empirical approach is done to study the law in fact in the field. Based on the results of the study, the legal protection of children who are witnesses in criminal cases against children who are victims in court cases can give their testimony without having tobe present when examining their cases in court, by using means related to video call or helping to uncover question that arises read out in court and Factors occur obstacles to the protection of children as witnesses in cases of first rape crimes, Factors of Witness and Victim Protection Agency that do not have representatives in the area and lack of socialization, Second Unregulated Form of Witness Protection in the Criminal Procedure Code so that witness protection does not get legal certainty. Third, the Cooperation between Witness and Victim Protection Institutions has not been effective with Law Enforcement Agencies. The suggestions that can be conveyed in this study should law enforcement should provide optimal protection to victims' witnesses until the threat and intimidation is completed on the victim. The government should immediately renew the Child Protection .Act and the Victim witness Protection Act concerning the form of protection for child witnesses as a victim who can provide his statement using telecommunications facilities in the form of video calls or acknowledge written witness statements and then read out in court.

Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of existing methods of networks security from DDoS attacks

At present, issues related to information security are highly relevant. DoS and DDoS attacks are carried out by cybercriminals quite often, because cyberattacks can bring almost any system to failure, leaving no legally significant evidence. At the same time, the failure of the attacked subsystem can be an intermediate stage towards the target system. The most vulnerable to DDoS attacks are online stores, online payment systems, news resources and companies, whose activities depend on the frequency of user access to the resource. The main methods of protection against cyberattacks and DDoS attacks, in particular, are currently antivirus programs and firewalls. The article presents a description of some types of DDoS attacks as well as the results of a comparative analysis of several existing methods of networks security from DDoS attacks, which will simplify the choice of the optimal solution to ensure reliable protection of a telecommunication facility. Considering all the advantages and disadvantages, the method of organizing a network protection system against DDoS attacks based on the technology of artificial neural networks is the most suitable solution for ensuring the information security of networks of various purpose.

A Review of Psychological Issues among Patients and Healthcare Staff during Two Major Coronavirus Disease Outbreaks in China: Contributory Factors and Management Strategies.

Outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have affected populations worldwide. Our literature review summarises the studies reporting psychological issues among healthcare staff and infected patients in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan during these two outbreaks and the potential strategies for addressing these issues. Our review shows that patients and healthcare staff presented similar psychological symptoms, including anxiety, fear, distress, and depression, which may lead to stress-related complications such as insomnia. In patients, these psychological impairments can be contributed to by being quarantined, perceptions of threats to life, and uncertainty about health status. Quarantine is also a factor for distress among healthcare staff, together with their heavy workload, the fear that they and their families would become infected, witnessing their patients’ poor and deteriorating conditions, and the requirement to wear protective gear. Strategies that are needed to address these factors include providing counselling services, implementing mindfulness-based therapies and optimism interventions, and providing telecommunication facilities for patients to communicate with their families. Healthcare staff should also be provided with these services, together with appropriate and flexible work shift arrangements and morale boosting. These strategies would improve not only the mental well-being of patients and healthcare staff, but also the self-efficacy and competence of the staff to provide quality healthcare services.

Library and information communications as a means for meeting the information needs of remote users

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of the formation and development of the library and information potential of the Dnipro metro station related to library and information services of remote users in the context of the formation of their own electronic information resources, products and services by libraries with the aim of prompt, meaningful and high-quality satisfaction of the information needs of modern users in the context of informatization city and region. The study of library and information communications as a means of meeting the information needs of remote users is relevant, since the main task of libraries in the traditional and electronic space is, first of all, information support of educational, scientific, research activities through the acquisition of a high-quality library stock, the formation and development of a system of electronic information resources, products and services, providing access to them, as well as the fullest satisfaction of the information needs of all categories of users. In the conditions of gradual informatization of the region, the use of the latest computer technologies and telecommunication facilities, which become the most important strategic resource, providing the introduction of library and information potential in the scientific, social and cultural circulation. By analyzing the relevant publications, the author analyzes the definitions of the term "social communications" by leading librarians. The periods of their development under the influence of time, technology and information needs of the society are considered. The library-information communications on the websites of the Dnieper libraries are analyzed depending on their types and purpose. The role of library and information communications in meeting the information needs of a remote user audience is determined.

Design of a portable and multifunctional dependable wireless communication platform for smart health care

The future of dependable wireless communication will encompass a much eclectic range of applications. Not only are traditional telecommunication facilities such as text messaging, audio and video calling, video download and upload, web browsing, and social networking being improved but also a wide range of sensors and devices in the “Internet of things,” such as “smart cities” and smart hospital applications are being adopted. Researchers are trying hard to ensure timely detection of various diseases anytime and anywhere. In this research, a portable and multifunctional software-defined radio (SDR) platform is designed to detect different activities of human life, in particular for the monitoring of health. The wireless channel state information (WCSI) in the presence of the human body is investigated to capture movements using different frequency bands and is the key idea of this work. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with 64 subcarriers and the magnitude and phase responses in the frequency domain are used to capture the WCSI of the activity. The design is validated through simulation and real-time experiments. However, it is widely accepted that simulation results fail to capture real-life situations. Extensive and repeated real-time experiments are carried out on the hardware platform to ensure that the activity is detected accurately. The results achieved by detecting hand motion activity ensure that the system is capable of detecting human body motions and vital signs.