Technology Transfer Network Research Articles

Technological patterns in the wind power industry: a study based on patent deposits

Abstract Paper aims This paper presents the results of technological analysis on wind energy based on patent documents classified with code F03D – “Wind Motors.” Originality Despite several studies on wind energy, this paper follows a different approach, presenting an overview that brings together technical and market information through social network analysis methods. Research method The study covered data from 55,223 documents filed in the principal patent offices of the world, obtained from the Derwent Innovations Index. The publications were organized and analyzed through correlation and technology transfer networks. Main findings General Electric (GE) and European companies have dominated the wind energy industry. However, in the last years, companies from emerging countries are also penetrating and becoming major players. Emphasis can be given to China, which has a deposit pattern detached from the rest of the world. Implications for theory and practice This study indicates that these companies became important turbine manufacturers and started to invest in developing new technologies and seek patent protection. Companies from emerging countries are new entrants, and their performance is still restricted to few markets compared to traditional companies.

СЕТИ ТРАНСФЕРА ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ: ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ И МИРОВОЙ ОПЫТ РАЗВИТИЯ

The relevance of the research topic is due to the realities of the new economy and “new industrialization”, which have prompted serious scientific interest in the problems of formation and development of modern models and forms of production organization – innovation networks. At the same time, their ability to create organizational conditions for the generation, transfer and practical implementation of innovative ideas and solutions, proven by examples from foreign experience, in the conditions of domestic practice cannot take place without a systematic scientific study of the basics of creating conditions for the transfer of knowledge and technology. The article examines the organizational and economic content and characteristic features of technology transfer networks. The conditions and factors of their development are considered, the system generalization of which made it possible to build a system model of technology transfer networks taking into account the identified conditions and factors. An approach to assessing the non-commercial effectiveness of technology transfer networks is presented. The experience of the leading countries of the world in the formation and development of networks and technology transfer is studied, the main problems hindering their development on the territory of the Russian Federation are identified. The results of the research can be used by undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers in the field of innovative development in obtaining new scientifically based results.

Renewable Energy Promotion Instruments Used by Innovation Brokers in a Technology Transfer Network. Case Study of the Enterprise Europe Network

Stable and sustainable economic development—including that of renewable energy resources (RES)—requires institutional support of an environment that would enable market operations, and support them in case they are ineffective. Innovation brokers, including structured technology transfer networks, play a key role in promoting, disseminating, and liaising between the parties in the RES sector. The aim of the paper is to present the structure of events used to promote RES in Europe by the Enterprise Europe Network in the years 2017–2018; to verify whether the type of promotion instrument used is significantly related to the location of the events organized; to research whether the selection of the supporting partner is determined by the organized event’s geographical location. The analysis is carried out by means of an empirical study of the network of innovation brokers, i.e., the Enterprise Europe Network. Additionally, the available data are analyzed in terms of the type of the partner supporting individual events. It has been shown that there is a significant variation in the structure of the types of events for individual regions of Europe. This could mean that the organizers’ decisions as to the type of events organized in particular regions of Europe are deliberate and in some way adjusted to the region in which they take place.

INFO-COMMUNICATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF THE STATE

Topicality. In the current environment, the development of info-communications as part of the innovation infrastructure of the national economy is the key to successful operation not only of any enterprise but also the state as a whole. It is obvious that info-communication technologies make it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of solving various marketing, financial or digital tasks. The development of info-communication technologies and their mass introduction is a necessary condition for the development of a modern dynamic society. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to consider and analyze marketing, financial and digital technologies that affect the development of info-communications in the system of innovation infrastructure. Research results. The development of info-communications in the country and the introduction of new technologies in all spheres of public life, the activities of executive bodies and local governments, business, households are considered as priority areas of public policy. The market of info-communications is in a state of active formation and should become the basis for participants in building an information society in Ukraine. It is important to solve the problem of providing participants and its subjects with complete and reliable information on all areas of activity to support management decision-making processes, promote statehood, increase productivity of social production of products and services based on large-scale use of information technology, growth of economic potential socio-economic and environmental conditions of human life. Of particular importance are marketing information flows, which depend on the system functioning of the enterprise and information interaction with suppliers and customers. The main components of info-communications in the system of innovation infrastructure at the national level are considered in the article. The necessity of development of info-communications in the system of innovation infrastructure is substantiated. The financial, marketing and digital components of info-communication, which will ensure the development of the national economy, are analyzed. The strategy of info-communication development in accordance with the principles of digital technology reform is considered. Conclusion. These strategic objectives of creating a modern innovation system, which will include technology and science parks, venture funds, technology transfer networks, etc., require the introduction of public-private (public-private) partnerships in the innovation sphere and should be aimed at legislative establishment of incentives for new industries , as well as companies in the field of info-communications.

Promotion of RES in a Technology Transfer Network. Case Study of the Enterprise Europe Network

The promotion of renewable energy is a key concept in the European Union for both environmental and economic reasons. It contributes to securing the objectives set out in the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, it brings various social and economic benefits, e.g., diversification of the energy offer, new jobs, improvement of regional and local development opportunities and building a solid national industry. The main purpose of the article is to contribute to the debate on the instruments promoting renewable energy sources (RES) by emphasizing its importance within the technology transfer network. The subject is an empirical study of an actual technology transfer network. Its international activity promotes RES among entrepreneurs. Data related to meetings as part of brokerage events (BE) and company missions (CM) were subject to statistical and visual analysis, based on the data obtained from the Enterprise Europe Network from the years 2017–2018. The presented results are the foundation for future theoretical and practical studies. One of the important aspects to be examined is the intensity of cooperation launched during CM and BE. It is related to the results of partnership agreements and the importance of increasing the knowledge flow and creating opportunities for partners to acquire foreign technologies.

Analysis on the topological structure of Inter-Enterprise technology transfer network: Taking Z-Park as an example

To understand quantitatively how hi-tech enterprise cooperates with others in patent application over time is of great importance, for it affects how cooperative mechanism is organized and technology transferred. In this research, we construct the patent cooperation network IETTN from 2008–2017 in Z-Park to measure the overall structure of the network and the changes of nodes in the network, thus providing a new measurement for the innovation cooperation of high-tech enterprises from the perspective of the network. With the continuous expansion of patent cooperation among high-tech enterprises, enterprises’ roles in the cooperative network and innovation ecosystem are quite different. Through analysis, it can be found that the Z-Park patent cooperation network presents an obvious scale-free feature, and a few large state-owned enterprises and research institutions are playing a leading role in the network.

Call for proposals 2020 National Latino Behavioral Health Conference

The National Hispanic and Latino Addiction Technology Transfer Network, the National Hispanic and Latino Prevention Technology Transfer Network and the National Hispanic and Latino Mental Health Technology Transfer Network are hosting the 2020 National Latino Behavioral Health Conference: Shaping the Vision of Latino Behavioral Health Equity Sept. 16–18 in Los Angeles. The purpose of the conference is to highlight the latest and most relevant data around prevention, treatment, recovery, policy and research focusing on the Hispanic and Latino communities. Submit proposals before April 10. For more information, visit https://na.eventscloud.com/esurvey/index.php?surveyid=81668.

Structural Characteristics and Spatial Patterns of the Technology Transfer Network in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

Recently, the Chinese government released the Outline of the Development Plan for the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), raising the development of the GBA urban agglomeration to a national strategy. An efficient technology transfer network is conducive to promoting the integrated and coordinated development and enhancing the scientific and technological innovation capabilities of the GBA urban agglomeration. Therefore, this study uses the patent transaction data for three years (2010, 2014, and 2018), integrates data mining, and uses complex network analysis, based on full-flow and net-flow networks, from the overall characteristics, network node strength, network association, network node importance, and network communities to reveal the structural characteristics and spatial patterns of the technology transfer network in the GBA. The results revealed that: (1) Technology transfer networks (full-flow and net-flow) in the GBA show heterogeneity. (2) Full-flow network presents a clear hierarchy within the GBA, showing a “two poles and two strong” pattern, and technology transfer has the same city preference; outside the GBA, there are close technology transfer regions that have technical and geographical proximity characteristics; the net-flow network presents a “one pole, two strong” pattern, and Guangzhou has become the core region of the net-flow network. (3) Connection objects of the technology transfer network have path dependence and spatial preference. Coexistence of concentration and decentralization characterizes the spatial flow. (4) Spatial distribution of the hub and authority of the technology transfer network is heterogeneous and hierarchical. Each city in the GBA has its own technological advantages. (5) Spatial clustering characteristics of the community within the technology transfer network are obvious. (6) The GBA is dominated by the transfer of patented technology in the high-tech industry, while the transfer of patented technology in the traditional manufacturing industry also plays an important role.

PROBLEMS OF CREATING AN INNOVATIVE ECOSYSTEM IN UKRAINE

Building an innovative ecosystem in Ukraine is one of the priority tasks for the solution of which the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has approved the Strategy of development of the innovative activity field for the period until 2030 as well as started creating new institutions and so on. However, the creation of such the innovative ecosystem is impossible without understanding the problem and previous experience. The terms “ecosystem” and “ecosystem sustainability” are studied and their relation to the projects is defined. An analysis of international experience in creating sustainable innovative ecosystems and efficient technology transfer networks is conducted, drawing conclusions about the importance of higher education institutions being aware that they should establish contacts with representatives of the real sector of the economy and adapt flexibly to the market demands rather than make unclaimed and undemanded researches and developments. This is a key prerequisite for the successful implementation of technology transfer and the development of the innovative ecosystem as a whole. The main impediments to the effective technology transfer are identified. The technology transfer subjects such as higher education institutions and industrial enterprises are analyzed and negative tendencies requiring intervention are defined. Problems of technology transfer management at the national level are identified, namely the relation of technology transfer issues to the departments of different ministries and other state authorities, as well as parallel and simultaneous creation of duplicate institutions based on these ministries, one of the tasks of which is supporting technology transfer. It is suggested to designate a single authority that would manage technology transfer and establish a clear actions plan for the development of the innovation ecosystem, and that also would be responsible for its failure or insufficient implementation.

Influence of Marketing, Financial and Digital Technologies in the Development of Infocommunication Sphere as a Component of Innovation Infrastructure

The purpose of the article is to consider and analyze marketing, financial and digital technologies that influence the development of the infocommunication sphere as a component of the innovation infrastructure. The main components of the infocommunication sphere are considered in the article. The essence of marketing, financial and digital technologies and their influence on the development of infocommunication sphere is revealed. The financial, marketing and digital components of information communication development are analyzed. The necessity of development of infocommunication sphere for participants is considered: public authorities, business structures, population. Prospects of infocommunication technologies as a component of innovation infrastructure are considered. The scientific article considers the integral system of the infocommunication sphere as a component of the innovation infrastructure, considers the process of interaction of the participants of the infocommunication sphere, analyzes the expenditures of the State budget for the infocommunication sphere. Considerable attention is paid to the prospects and expected benefits of the introduction of marketing, financial and digital technologies for the infocommunication sphere. The advantages of development of infocommunication sphere for participants are considered in the work. For business, these are social contributions of employees, corporate tax, VAT, registration of a new company, submission of statistical information, customs declarations, environmental permits, public procurement. For citizens, the list is more extended, job search, social benefits, personal documents, car registration, public libraries, application to the police, application for a building permit, marriage and birth certificates, applications for university admission, change of address, health services ‘I. Measures for further development of the information society in Ukraine are considered. Thus, the identified strategic objectives of creating a modern innovation system, which will include technology and science parks, venture funds, technology transfer networks, etc., requires the introduction of public-private (public-private) partnerships in the innovation sphere and should be aimed at legislatively establishing incentives for new industries, as well as companies in the field of infocommunications.

The role of the project “Development of an interregional technology transfer network” in the innovative development of regions

The growth of the Ukrainian economy largely depends on the effective use of the intellectual, scientific and technological potential of the country, the rapid pace of commercialization of high-tech scientific developments and its implementation in key areas of the national economy. In the period 2018–2020, the State Scientific Organization “Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information” (hereinafter — UkrISTEI) implements the project “Development of the Interregional Technology Transfer Network” (hereinafter — Project), within the framework of which the Interregional Office for the Transfer of Knowledge and Technologies on the basis of UkrISTEI was created; two pilot regional centers for the transfer of knowledge and technology in Odesa and Kharkiv were created. This Project is aimed at the widespread introduction of modern technologies in the real sector of the economy — as one of the tasks on the agenda of not only Ukraine, but also the European Union. The article assesses the potential of pilot regions through research that unites enterprises, scientific institutions, organizations, universities and other legal entities, regardless of the form of ownership, which create or use technologies or objects of intellectual property rights or relate to innovation infrastructure. The activities within the framework of the project “Development of an interregional technology transfer network” (hereinafter referred to as the Project) to increase the competitiveness of regions and increase their innovative development were presented, the role of the Project in the innovative development of regions was highlighted. The article defines the role of the Interregional Office and regional centers as centers of technology transfer and innovation: also a number of measures to activate the startup movement in Kharkiv and Odesa were taken. The work within the framework of the project “Development of an interregional technology transfer network” allowed to improve the results of domestic scientific and technical developments introduction in the real sector of the economy and to give impetus to its dynamic growth, to raise the employees’ awareness level in offices, departments, etc. for the technologies transfer, developers, startups, etc.

Innovation ecosystem: concepts, functions, levels of innovation development

The concept of an innovation ecosystem has become commonplace and is increasingly included in official documents of countries and organizations, but it doesn’t have an unambiguous interpretation: representatives of various branches of science put different meanings into the concept of an innovation ecosystem. Nowadays, the concept of an innovation ecosystem is in the stage of cognition and identification. An innovation ecosystem is a term used to describe a large and diverse range of participants and resources that promote and are necessary for continuous innovation in a modern economy. The article reveals the essence, the basis of functioning and the concept of an innovation ecosystem by drawing an analogy between innovation and biological ecosystems. The authors highlighted the basic elements of the innovation ecosystem and their relationship at different stages of the innovation life cycle. A historical excursion into the emergence and formation of the concept of an innovation system, an innovation ecosystem is carried out. The definitions of the terms innovation system, and innovation ecosystem by various leading scientists from Ukraine and from around the globe are given. The authors also disclosed the principle of the innovation ecosystem formation at the levels of innovation development as: global (supranational), national, regional, corporate and individual. A detailed analysis (objective, framework, world examples) of each level of the innovation ecosystem is carried out. The authors also gave examples and principles of the formation of well-known, successful and productive innovation ecosystems of Ukraine such as: UNIT.City, Sikorsky Challenge, All-Ukrainian Innovation Festival, Science Park of Kyiv Taras Shevchenko University, Vernadsky Challenge, Interregional Technology Transfer Network (Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information).

Exploring 'South-South' Technology Transfer Perspective for Regional Development and Stability: The Case of China Pakistan Economic Corridor


 
 
 Historically, there was a traditional North-South paradigm of technology transfer under which the developed part of the world had the capability and authority of technology transfer to the relatively less developed and developing states. However, this was challenged by China which rose as an economic power and reversed the technology transfer paradigm (South-North technology cooperation). Chinese innovative policies have made it a world power and the source of technology transfer to the developing part of the world thus forming the South-South technology transfer network. China has earned the status of world lender and project financier through its One Belt One Road project and through CPEC Pakistan has become the recipient of more than $46 billion of Chinese FDI. This provides Pakistan with ample of opportunities of technology transfer and boosting its economy. However, only the implementation of balanced economic and technological policies can lead to fruitful results for the donor as well as recipient state.
 
 

Regional Integration in the Inter-City Technology Transfer System of the Yangtze River Delta, China

Recently, the Chinese government decided to support the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in a national strategic way. On this background, this paper investigates the regional integration in the technology transfer system of the YRD based on patent transfer from three levels: overall, technology supply chain, and technology sales chain. It also uses the modularity maximization method to detect the community structure of the inter-city patent transfer network in China. The results show that regional integration of the technology transfer system of the YRD at both overall level and technology supply chain level had not been realized up to 2015, but had been achieved at the technical sales chain level. Technology flow in the YRD was increasingly moving across the border, and the intra-region technology transfer network was increasingly unable to meet the needs of technological development of the cities in the YRD. This paper has several limitations concerning the representativeness of patent data, the manifestation of patent data in technological transfer and international comparison.

Spatial Dynamics of Intercity Technology Transfer Networks in China’s Three Urban Agglomerations: A Patent Transaction Perspective

Technology transfer has become a vital pipeline for acquiring external knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to portray the spatial dynamics of intercity technology transfer networks in China’s three urban agglomerations based on patent right transaction data from 2008 to 2015. The integration of social networks and spatial visualization is used to explore spatial networks and influencing variables of the networks. The results demonstrate that Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen are emerging as hubs in the three urban agglomerations. The spatial distributions of degree and weighted degree are significantly heterogeneous and hierarchical. The larger cities play the role of a knowledge and technology incubator, highly related to their economic scale, research and development (R&D) input, and innovation output. The evolution of intercity technology linkages is driven by the networking mechanisms of preferential attachment, hierarchical and contagious diffusion, path dependence, and path breaking. Moreover, we found that the geographical proximity and technology gaps are determinants of the strength of intercity technology linkages. As a result, it has been discovered that the network in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei agglomeration is organized in a tree network, while the Yangtze River Delta features a polycentric network and the Pearl River Delta has multi-star characteristics.

Technology transfer networks in the first industrial age: the case of Derosne & Cail and the sugar industry (1818–1871)

This article examines the transnational operations of the French firm Derosne & Cail, one of the most innovative engineering companies in the mid-nineteenth century. It would become the leading European firm supplying advanced steam-powered technologies and equipment to the international sugar industry. Derosne & Cail’s international expansion was achieved primarily through a global strategy that connected customers and suppliers, particularly by building an effective international network of technological knowledge and expertise. This article explores three aspects related to its international activities from 1818 to 1871 (both before and after Derosne’s death): strategies of commercialisation of steam technologies; relationships with end users; and consequences for industrialising peripheral countries in terms of the transfer of knowledge, technology, and human capital.

The geography of intercity technology transfer networks in China

ABSTRACTIn the era of the knowledge economy, the acquisition of exogenous knowledge is understood to be an important strategy for cities in their pursuit of economic growth. The Chinese government has taken measures to foster technology transfer between cities in an effort to promote the flow of knowledge and ideas. Patent transaction data from China's State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) covering the period 2008–15 are used to visualize the technology transfer map. The maps show that the frequency of inter-city patent transfer is intensifying, and the numbers of cities and city-pairs are increasing rapidly over time. Two key features of the network emerge: first, the dominant role played in the network by several cities that results in a ‘diamond-shaped’ spatial structure that has become more geographically extensive over time; and second, the hub-and-spoke structure of the network with Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen forming first-order hubs of technology transfer.

The persistence of inter‐regional hierarchy in technology transfer networks: An analysis of Chinese patent licensing data

AbstractThis paper asks whether the technological development of a nation reduces the inter‐regional hierarchy in knowledge flow. We examine two scenarios that are the alternative to each other. The first is what we call the globalization of regional innovation system/weakening of inter‐regional hierarchy scenario: As many regions develop their niches in the global economy, the national “anchor” region loses its relative importance as the importer and distributor of new knowledge, rendering the domestic inter‐regional hierarchy less significant as a result. The second scenario is the globalization of national innovation system/persistence of inter‐regional hierarchy. The nation’s traditional anchor region becomes even more active in importing technology and distributing it to other regions of the country. To test which scenario is closer to reality, we employ social network metrics to analyse inter‐regional technology diffusion networks using Chinese patent licensing data for the 1998–2013 period. Our findings support the second scenario, showing that the influence of the traditional anchor region persists in the hierarchical network structure as new cities enter the network. We found five anchor regions: the three usual suspects—Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen—plus two that were slightly less expected—Dongguan and Suzhou.

Model of R&D commercialization by higher educational institutions in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to study the scientific and applied principles of the functioning of the models of RD Ukrainian Integrated Technology Transfer System; National Technology Transfer Network) and local (Innovation, Transfer and Technology Commercialization Centers; research and production complexes; innovative technological clusters; business-incubators; industrial parks; scientific parks, etc.) levels of promotion and commercialization of R&D in real economy.The authors emphasize the necessity of developing and implementing the integrated model, which involves coordinating interests and synchronizing activities of business enterprise sector, higher educational sector, governmental sector, and private non-profit sector as the elements of the Quadruple Helix model. The article determines such functional blocks of the model as legal, marketing-informational, business-communication, service-consulting, personnel, material, technical, and financial.

THE INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE FRAMEWORK OF INTERNATIONAL DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

The development of the innovative digital system, as an important part of the market infrastructure, partly reflects the overall economic level of the country, but its further positive dynamics with the growth of the national economy determines the progress of society as a whole. Methodology. The article provides basis for propositions, aimed at the improvements of development of innovative infrastructure of Ukrainian national economy in the framework of international digital transformation with definition and systematization of all factors that have an impact on the formation of innovation potential and the justification of strategic directions of the development of the infocommunication sphere as a component of the national innovation infrastructure. The development of infocommunication technologies has become an impetus for the formation of the innovation infrastructure of the national economy. The purpose of the article is to study the formation and development of the innovation infrastructure of the digital system in the transitive economy of Ukraine through the reduction of the level of technological development and productivity of production, which requires the stimulation of business entities to innovate. Dependence of the effectiveness of state regulation of the innovation development of infocommunications and the growth of the competitiveness of the national economy is crucial for maximizing the effect of infocommunication thanks to a favourable state policy and an adaptive regulatory framework, taking into account technological changes. Value/originality. The principles of ensuring the development of innovation infrastructure, the effective activity of which guarantees the interaction of subjects and objects of innovation activity, as well as access to various information resources, which, in turn, will increase the efficiency of using the country’s innovative potential in the transition period, which is caused by market changes, technological breakthroughs and shifts in the regulatory sphere of Ukraine. The strategic tasks of creating a modern innovation system, including technological and scientific parks, venture funds, technology transfer networks, etc., are grounded. It requires the introduction of mechanisms of public-private partnership in the innovation sphere.