Abstract This national-level engineering-technology audit, updated to 2024, systematically examines 32 completed or under-construction immersed tunnels in China, aiming to clarify the technological evolution, innovative breakthroughs, and engineering validation of key technologies in this field. It traces the technical trajectory from early single-shell steel segments to large-scale steel–concrete–steel (S-C-S) sandwich structures, highlighting China’s pivotal advancements: field verification of domestic GINA gaskets and reversible wedge-shaped closure joints; integration of deep-cement-mixing piles with graded-gravel bedding to limit 30-year settlement to 20 mm; adoption of factory-line and hybrid prefabrication to achieve a 14 day segment production cycle; and refinement of immersion accuracy to ±50 mm via self-elevating leveling ships and Dynamic Positioning (DP)-guided installation vessels. These innovations form a validated, exportable technical package, providing critical references for global next-generation subsea corridor construction and demonstrating China’s technological leadership in marine engineering.

This study investigates the development of unicorn startups in Turkey, emphasizing the critical role of government policy, funding mechanisms, and institutional frameworks in fostering innovation. It outlines how Turkey has implemented specific tax incentives and funding programs aimed at supporting high-growth ventures. Supporting mechanisms such as technoparks, incubation centers, and regulatory sandboxes have shown efficacy in facilitating the emergence of unicorns by providing startups with essential resources, including mentorship, infrastructure, and compliance assistance under controlled conditions. The research further illustrates how public-private-academic partnerships contribute to a thriving entrepreneurial ecosystem, essential for sustaining technological advancement and enhancing local innovation capacity. The study underscores the significant influence of behavioral dynamics among investors and founders on the rapid scaling of unicorns and highlights how these companies not only foster immediate economic benefits but also long-term strategic advantages through technological leadership and market reshaping. Ultimately, this research contributes to understanding the multifaceted nature of unicorn development in Turkey, advocating for tailored policy frameworks that address local needs. It concludes that a synergistic approach among government, academia, and the private sector is necessary to nurture sustainable unicorn growth and to position Turkey as a competitive player in the global innovation landscape.

Malaysia Ministry of Education (MOE) has launched the Digital Education Policy (DEP) to outline the elements and steps in adapting the country’s education in the digital era. This policy aims to bridge the digital divide and enable successful implementation of digital education. Meanwhile, previous research have shown that the success of digital learning implementation related to the effectiveness of digital leadership among school leaders. Thus, a Modified Delphi study was conducted to decide on the most essential elements needed in digital leadership. 14 educational technology leaders who were experts in digital education were selected to validate the success factors of digital learning implementation. The consensus rate was set at 80% with a mean 5.00. The iteration process was done and further dived into how these factors paralleled with the DEP. The findings showed that there were five main elements in digital leadership to be focused on, 1) Equity and Citizenship Advocate, 2) System Designer,3) Visionary Planner, 4) Empowering Leader, and 5) Connected Learner as mentioned in the ISTE Standard for Educational Leaders. In conclusion, these ten main elements found prefigure the success of digital learning implementation in the K-12 schools in Malaysia as they also closely aligned with the six thrusts of Digital Education Policy which were Thrust 1: Digitally Fluent Students, Thrust 2: Digitally Competent Educators, Thrust 3: Visionary Digital Leadership Culture, Thrust 4: Empowerment of Infrastructure and Infostructure, Thrust 5: Quality Digital Content and Thrust 6: Committed Strategic Partners.

Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) have evolved from basic record-keeping tools to strategic platforms for managing critical assets such as bolted-joint flanges in industrial systems. This paper explores CMMS customization as a driver of innovative entrepreneurship and technology-oriented management in industry. Evidence demonstrates that customized CMMS reduce downtime, extend equipment lifespan, optimize maintenance costs, and support novel service models. The study concludes that CMMS customization transforms maintenance into a strategic tool, fostering innovation and enhancing technological leadership.

As with many countries in the world that are primarily technology takers, rather than technology leaders, Australia is seeking to address the issues for its place in the global digital ecosystem and to identify, and then realise, the opportunities that artificial intelligence (AI) may bring. On 2 December 2025, the Australian Government published its much-awaited National Artificial Intelligence Plan. In our editorial, we broadly summarise the Plan and discuss some initial reactions to it. We hope to revisit the subject in 2026 to find out how the Plan has fared at that stage. Also, we outline the eight technical papers published in this issue. In personnel changes, we note the resignation of the previous Editor-in-Chief.

As the global economy shifts towards artificial intelligence and digital infrastructure, Nvidia has emerged as a pivotal player. This report provides a comprehensive economic analysis of Nvidia's market position, cost structure, and strategic sustainability. Utilizing frameworks such as cost theory, oligopolistic market analysis, and Schumpeter's "creative destruction", the study examines how the company leverages technological leadership and platform integration to drive performance. The analysis reveals that Nvidia benefits significantly from economies of scale and has established high entry barriers in the Data Centre market through its vertically integrated Blackwell architecture and CUDA ecosystem. In the Gaming segment, the firm employs non-price competition strategies to mitigate higher price elasticity. Despite challenges posed by geopolitical trade restrictions and regulatory scrutiny , the report concludes that Nvidia's dual strategy of aggressive hardware innovation and ecosystem expansion positions it for sustained profitability and continued market dominance in the near future.

Introduction. The development of the radio-electronic industry is a priority for Russia's technological leadership, necessitating modern tools for assessing the innovative potential of its regions. This study aims to construct and verify an innovative rating of regions for the radio-electronic industry that overcomes the limitations of traditional ratings by applying machine learning to Big Data. Materials and Methods. A training dataset was formed based on Rosstat data from 2010–2022 for 83 regions. Using ensemble machine learning methods (Fine Gaussian SVM, Bagged Trees, Random Forest), a classification model was constructed that assigns innovative ratings (A – leaders, B – average level, C – depressed) to regions based on three target functions, with subsequent aggregation into an integral I-score. A key stage of the research was the model approbation: its verification was carried out on independent data for 2023 that was not part of the training set. Results. The verification confirmed the model's practical applicability: the accuracy of the integral I-score rating prediction on new data was 81.93 %. Based on the approbation results, a current map of innovative ratings was constructed. The leading regions (A) in 2023 were the Moscow Region, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Republic of Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod Region, and Sverdlovsk Region. Analysis of discrepancies between prediction and fact revealed growth potential for Novosibirsk Region and potential risks to the leading positions of Republic of Bashkortostan, Perm Territory, and Chelyabinsk Region. Discussion and Conclusion. The approbated methodology enables the construction of accurate and robust assessments of the innovative development of regions in the radio-electronic industry. The verification results demonstrate not only the model's predictive power but also its value for identifying latent trends. The findings are of practical importance for public authorities and large companies in planning regional and sectoral policies.

This initiative addressed the critical deficit in public street lighting in Soropia Village, which hindered safety, mobility, and economic activity after dusk. Moving beyond mere infrastructure provision, the project's core objective was to establish a sustainable, community-owned model for public lighting through comprehensive technical capacity building and institutional development. Employing a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) framework, the project engaged 35 local participants in a multi-phase process over June 2025. This included collaborative identification of problem areas, co-design of technical solutions using locally-sourced and recycled materials, and an intensive, hands-on workshop. The technical design specifically utilized recycled metal pipes fabricated by participants, reinforced concrete foundations (40cm x 40cm x 60cm), and a safe electrical system with LED technology, proper grounding, and overcurrent protection connected to the existing grid. The project yielded three primary outcomes: 1) The successful installation of multiple functional, community-fabricated street lights at strategic locations; 2) A measurable enhancement of technical skills among participants, enabling independent maintenance and replication; and 3) The emergence of a formalized community task force committed to the project's longevity. Pre- and post-workshop assessments showed a 75% increase in technical self-efficacy scores among participants. The Soropia model demonstrates that integrating technical education with community-led implementation and early institutionalization fosters profound and sustainable empowerment. The transformation of participants from passive beneficiaries to active managers of their infrastructure is the key success metric. For scalability, we recommend integrating a micro-enterprise component to ensure financial sustainability for ongoing maintenance and expansion, thereby creating a replicable blueprint for rural infrastructural development.

This study aims to investigate the influence of AI-enhanced leadership on employee well-being in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). It examines the mediating role of psychological safety and perceived fairness of AI, and explores the moderating effect of authoritarian leadership styles. A quantitative study was conducted using data collected from a survey of 104 professionals in Tunisia, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. This research applied the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to test the proposed conceptual framework. The results show that AI-augmented leadership has a positive impact on employee well-being. This relationship is partially mediated by psychological safety and perceptions of AI fairness. Furthermore, the presence of authoritarian leadership reduces the beneficial effects of AI-augmented leadership on reducing employee stress, suggesting that cultural norms of leadership influence the effectiveness of AI deployment. This research is among the first to empirically explore the intersection between AI technologies, leader behavior, and employee well-being in the underinvestigated context of the MENA region. It proposes a regionally based, human-centered model of technology leadership, thus addressing the pressing need for ethical and inclusive AI adoption frameworks in public and private organizations undergoing digital transformation.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the reuse potential of post-consumer lamps collected in two selective waste collection cooperatives in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The goal was to identify functional, partially functional, and repairable lamps and assess their luminous intensity to determine their suitability for reuse. Theoretical framework: The research is grounded in WEEE management, Circular Economy principles, and national and international regulations. It builds on studies reporting increasing global lamp waste, low recycling rates, and challenges in disassembly, as well as findings that many discarded LED lamps remain functional. Method: Lamps were collected in 2022 and 2023 and sorted by type and physical condition. Functionality was tested on an energized bench, classifying lamps as non-working, partially working, or fully working. Fully functional lamps had their luminous intensity measured using a Minipa MLM-1011 lux meter. Lamp power was also recorded. Results and discussion: Of 831 lamps, LED technology showed the highest reuse potential: in both cooperatives, more than half of the LED lamps were functional or partially functional. Most lamps were 9 W, and several discarded units showed luminous intensity comparable to new lamps. Fluorescent lamps had low reuse potential due to breakage and unsafe operation, while incandescent lamps appeared in small numbers. Implications of the research: Results indicate opportunities for cooperatives to implement reuse protocols, generating income and supporting Circular Economy strategies. The findings also highlight the need for public education and regulatory improvements. Originality: The study uniquely evaluates the real reuse potential of LED lamps in Brazilian cooperatives, providing empirical evidence that many discarded lamps remain viable for reintegration into the market.

This article, which aimed to summarize the experience of state regulation of innovation processes at various stages of Russia’s historical development and assess the effectiveness of this policy, demonstrates that Russia’s historical experience of innovative development differs significantly from that of other countries. This is due to the traditionally high role of state participation and the centralized nature of economic management. Conclusions are drawn about the dependence of the state of the innovative economy and ideas about the mechanisms of its development on the ongoing transformations in society. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of official statistics data, which allowed concluding that the target levels of indicators reflecting the achievement of the national development goal “Achieving Technological Leadership” by 2030 are difficult to achieve, requiring the adoption of additional measures, the implementation of which will ensure overcoming technological gap.

Customer Communications Management (CCM) has evolved from batch document factories into real-time, omni-channel engagement platforms that measurably influence customer satisfaction, retention, and operational efficiency. In insurance—where coverages and pricing are often commoditized—communication quality is a key lever for differentiation and long-term loyalty. This paper consolidates current industry evidence (2023–2025) and presents: (i) an insurer-ready CCM reference architecture, (ii) AI model patterns for personalization and next-best-action (NBA), (iii) governance for explainability and compliance, (iv) omni-channel orchestration tactics with experimentation guardrails, and (v) implementation options (build vs. buy) with decision criteria and a maturity roadmap. We ground claims with public sources, including a 2025 Wall Street Journal interview describing Allstate’s generative-AI system that drafts roughly 50,000 claim-related messages daily under human review, increasing clarity and perceived empathy. Our aim is a practical, research-grounded blueprint for carrier technology leaders seeking measurable uplift in customer experience while satisfying stringent regulatory and security demands.

Purpose In pursuing green HRM (GHRM) practices and organizational commitment to sustainability (OCS), the role of digital technology ICT, along with effective technology leadership, is of paramount importance. The moderating role of generations (X, Y and Z) in higher education institutions (HEIs) can significantly shape GHRM practices, thereby enhancing OCS. Therefore, by integrating the complexity and transition management theory, the study examines the sequential relationships between digital technology, ICT, technology leadership, GHRM practices and OCS. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a sample frame of 284 employees from the HEIs in Pakistan. Smart PLS 4.0 was performed to test symmetric relationships. Findings The results shows that digital technology, ICT and technology leadership significantly impact GHRM practices, and GHRM practices enhance the OCS of HEIs in Pakistan. Additionally, multigroup analysis (MGA) shows a substantial moderating effect of three generations in the relationship between technology leadership and GHRM. Furthermore, this study contributes to an existing body of knowledge by conducting an in-depth empirical analysis of diverse generations. Originality/value The current study depicts the role of GHRM practices in contributing toward an organizational commitment to sustainability across different generations. Key Points

The aim of the studies to identify ways to enhance technological development in Russia, elaborate on recommendations on how to increase creative activity in the process of invention and innovation. Using the methods of comparisons and analogies, as well as subject-object approach, the concept of technological development and technological sovereignty were clarified with respect to target and temporal aspects. In addition, the connection between innovation and technological leadership, ways of increasing employee`s motivation to achieve national development goals were demonstrated.

Subject. The article discusses regional development in terms of innovative activities of higher education institutions participating in the Federal Program "Priority 2030", aimed at scientific, educational, and technological leadership of Russia. Objectives. The purpose is to present the trajectory of the university's evolution into a driver of regional development, identify internal and external contradictions hindering the implementation of created innovative developments. Methods. The study employs the systems approach in the integration and evolutionary aspects, which enabled to identify the trajectories of logical levels of universities’ transformation into regional leaders in the process of their development. To determine the transformation of universities, the categorical method "finite information flow" is used, reflecting the increasing level of organizational complexity of universities in the process of evolution. We also apply the method of studying objects with internal contradictions to analyze the homeostatic interaction of universities participating in the Federal Program "Priority 2030" and regional partners. Results. The paper offers a trajectory of transformation of universities into regional drivers based on the concept of three branches of development, unveils the features of progressive, regressive and isogressive ways of university development, analyzes inter-component contradictions of creation and implementation of innovative university developments in the form of a compensatory homeostat model. Conclusions. The existing internal and external contradictions of the university contribute to and, at the same time, prevent their inclusion in regional innovation processes. The findings are a guideline for universities to become drivers of regional innovative development, they can help them cope with modern challenges.

ABSTRACT It appears in a major gap in the sustainability literature as it combines focus on how renewable energy, technological innovation, and institutional quality relate to form ecological resilience in G7 economies, countries whose scale and technological leadership and global emissions profile are what make them the core of driving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda. The study uses 1996Q1‐2022Q4 quarterly data and an integrated measure (Load Capacity Factor) of the terms with the application of advanced second‐generation panel estimators, including CS‐ARDL, AMG, and CCEMG, to define the short‐run dynamic variables and the long‐run equilibrium effects. It was found that despite the increase in ecological pressure due to the increase in economic growth in the short run, long‐term sustainability is enhanced when economic development is accompanied by the increased use of renewable energy and the achievement of green technologies. The effects are also intensified greatly by institutional quality, meaning that effective governance is necessary to convert technological and energy transitions into environmental benefits. In addition to informing SDGs 7 (clean energy) and 13 (climate action), the results can inform SDG 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), SDG 11 (sustainable cities), and SDG 12 (responsible consumption) by showing how innovation‐governance synergies can be used to produce sustainably and make cities more resilient. The implications of the policy highlight the need to introduce reforms in governance, specific incentives in innovation, and adaptive monitoring systems to ensure that advanced economies may become leaders in the application of global solutions aimed at the attainment of long‐term environmental sustainability. The paper develops the discussion of sustainable development by offering a multi‐dimensional, dynamic context that can explain how the affluent countries can shift to sustainable ecological sustainability.

This is a correction document to the article “Reconceptualizing Technological Leadership: A Relational and Dynamic Framework,” authored by Yuanyuan Fang and Shenghao Zhang, published in Politics and Governance, volume 13.

The purpose of this study is to explore opportunities for improving the quality of the inventive process in Russian universities. The relevance of the research stems from the need to create advanced technologies based on inventive activity. The results were obtained through the analysis of data from Rospatent, academic publications, and a survey of experienced university inventors. The analysis and interpretation were carried out using literature review, expert evaluations, content analysis, and systems analysis. The study of indicators of inventive activity efficiency substantiates the necessity of supplementing them with a quality indicator. The influence of inventions of varying quality levels on industrial development was analyzed. The study identified specific features of university inventors’ activities and examined the complexity of the problems they address. It was found that most inventors focus on solving low- to medium-level problems. A comparison of methods used by university inventors with those of the Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving (ARIZ) revealed methodological resources for improving the quality of university inventions. The paper presents a model for organizing university inventive activity aimed at enhancing invention quality. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the justification of an additional criterion for assessing the effectiveness of inventive activity and in the proposed model of university invention management, which can increase universities’ contribution to technological leadership.

The time-based patterns of technology-driven mergers and acquisitions exceed what standard binary classification systems can identify. The research focuses on predicting acquisition timing for companies during times of technological change instead of simply determining acquisition status. The research uses survival analysis through Cox-inspired risk scoring framework to analyze 661 M&A deals in Electronic Design Automation (EDA) from 1975 to 2025. The research combines four analytical approaches which include temporal features and technological strength and network position and strategic archetypes. The research uses historical acquisition data from 2015 to 2020 to validate the model through calculated concordance index and Brier score and time-dependent AUC metrics. The research findings show that companies face their highest acquisition risk during their third to seventh year of operation. The research shows that companies with high network centrality (degree > 0.5) experience a 30% reduction in acquisition risk. The research shows that acquisition rates between companies vary from 45% for established technology leaders to 89% for specialized businesses. The model generates survival probability estimates and explains which factors influence the results to fill a major knowledge gap in corporate finance research.

ABSTRACT This study examines the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) ongoing digital transformation, undertaken through Project Harmony and operationalised via tools such as OTPLink, OTP eVault, and OTP eDiscovery. It focuses specifically on the role of AI-powered systems in the processes of evidence collection and analysis. While these technologies enhance the speed, comprehensiveness, and accessibility of investigations, they also raise critical concerns related to fundamental legal principles, including the right to a fair trial, algorithmic transparency, and the overall legitimacy of judicial processes. The study argues that, despite the high practical benefits in evidence collection and analysis, in the absence of an effective legal and normative framework, the digitalisation process will have negative long-term effects on the Court’s deterrent effect. Using a qualitative methodology, the study evaluates both the operational capabilities and normative implications of these technologies through the analysis of ICC strategic documents, official reports, and a focused case study of the Ukraine conflict. In conclusion, the study calls for the establishment of a binding international normative framework to ensure that the use of AI in international criminal justice adheres to the principles of transparency, accountability, and human rights compliance.