Technology integration is an important aspect of modern classrooms. However, research is scarce that empirically addresses the question of how technology can be integrated into classroom settings in ways that support high-quality teaching. This study uses lesson plans of student teachers to examine how the integration of digital technologies into teaching processes aligns with theoretical principles of technology integration and dimensions of instructional quality. We analysed 130 anonymized lesson plans from teacher training seminars in Germany, identifying 568 instances of technology integration. Each instance was coded using two frameworks: the SAMR model (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition) and dimensions of instructional quality (cognitive activation, student support, classroom management). Most technology integrations remained at lower SAMR levels, such as substitution or minor enhancement. Higher SAMR levels were more likely to be associated with dimensions of instructional quality, particularly student support. By combining different theoretical perspectives, this study provides knowledge on how student teachers integrate technology into their lessons. The findings call for more systematic support for meaningful and theoretically grounded planning practices in teacher training. • Student teachers' lesson plans were analysed to examine planned digital technology integration. • Technology integration was coded using the SAMR model and dimensions of instructional quality. • Most integrations remained at low SAMR levels, high level integrations were more likely linked to dimensions of instructional quality. • Student support and cognitive activation were the most frequently addressed quality dimensions. • Results indicate a need for systematic support in theory-informed technology integration planning.

Unraveling stress-adaptation pathways in cancer: Functional dissection through CRISPR-based genetic screens.

Integration of electrochemical technologies to produce chlorine dioxide: A solution for disinfection processes

Molecular targeted therapies, omics, and AI based theranostics approaches for the treatment of prostate cancer.

A comprehensive review of emerging protein modification methods: modified properties and potential applications.

Advances in green technologies for biocatalytic synthesis of chiral compounds: from enzymatic catalysis to multidisciplinary collaborative innovation.

Introduction: Anatomy is considered a difficult subject with a broad curriculum, and many students encounter difficulty in understanding it effectively. Modern-day learning involves the integration and use of new technologies and resources. Aim: To examine the perceptions of medical students regarding various teaching, learning, and assessment methods. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate medical students (n=266) of the American International Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, after obtaining ethical clearance. A structured questionnaire consisting of 28 questions encompassing the current teaching, learning, and assessment methods in anatomy was used for the study. The data obtained were analysed and represented as percentages. Results: More than half of the participants, 164 (61.65%), believed that a one-year duration is adequate for proper understanding of the subject. About 82 (30.83%) of the participants felt that classical large-group lectures were the best teaching method. Students appreciated problem-based teaching, small-group demonstrations, and the use of advanced teaching-learning methodologies. A total of 248 (93.23%) of the participants enjoyed teaching at the dissection table. The majority of participants found difficulty in learning embryology 190 (71.43%) and histology 140 (52.63%). They expressed difficulty in comprehending the sequence of events, inability to visualise structures, and inadequate time allocation in embryology, as well as difficulty in identifying structures under the microscope and insufficient lecture and practical time in histology. Participants were satisfied with continuous assessment methods such as weekly assessments and part-ending tests. Conclusion: The survey received a mixed response from the participants. They were satisfied with the existing oneyear anatomy curriculum. Participants appreciated classical chalkboard teaching and cadaveric dissection even in the age of multimedia and artificial intelligence. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and clinical case discussions as part of CompetencyBased Medical Education (CBME) encouraged critical thinking and application of knowledge among the participants. Students expressed anxiety regarding embryology and histology but appreciated continuous assessment strategies, as these aided ongoing learning and improved performance.

This study explores the interactions between ozone gas and soil for the remediation of low-permeability soils contaminated with trichlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane, and xylene, and evaluates the synergistic effect of coupling ozonation with electrokinetic treatment. Ozone application alone achieved removal efficiencies exceeding 75% for trichlorobenzene and 87% for xylene, primarily through carboxylation and dichlorination pathways. Oxidant delivery emerged as a critical determinant of performance, with degradation rates highest near the injection zone. Soil moisture content strongly influenced efficacy: in dry soils, enhanced gas-phase propagation enabled TCB removals of up to 75%, whereas in humid soils, the removal rate achieved only 11%, likely due to limited mass transfer in saturated pores and ozone scavenging in the aqueous phase. Remarkably, integrating electrokinetics with ozonation produced a synergistic effect in VOC removal in humid soils, increasing from 2% (ozonation) to over 25% (hybrid remediation) after 4 h of treatment. This is driven by cathodic pH elevation and the generation of hydroxide ions, which accelerate ozone decomposition into species with enhanced reactivity to VOC. These species also propagate through electrochemically driven processes, increasing oxidant exposure. Our findings demonstrate a promising, environmentally friendly approach for treating soils contaminated with diverse VOCs, eliminating the need for harsh oxidant activators and expanding the applicability of ozonation in hybrid remediation strategies. • Ozonation removes VOCs in dry and humid soils. • Ozone delivery is strongly influenced by soil water content. • Dichlorination and carboxylation are the main removal mechanisms in ozonation • Combining electrokinetic remediation with ozonation yields higher removal of HCH in humid soils.

Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine in Jammu and Kashmir is the best visited religious site in India with millions of pilgrims every year thronging this site. Although its religious and economic importance is beyond measure, the sheer number of pilgrimage tourism traffic has already presented a lot of environmental pressure on the location. Among the serious issues are challenges of waste production, water preservation, land degradation and quality of air. The research will look at the effects of pilgrimage tourism on the environment of the shrine environment and suggest a competency model of sustainable tourism growth towards introduction of technological advancements and community integration consideration. The study uses a qualitative method to examine both environmental tasks, the fieldwork, and the interviews conducted with the stakeholders. It singles out practices of proper waste management, water recycling, and energy efficiency such as the adoption of smart waste system, solar energy solution, and control with RFID features. The paper is applicable to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) and it can be used to provide a transferable construct on sustainable pilgrimage tourism. In the paper policy recommendations are offered that can come into place by the local authorities and they are mainly concerned with controlling the number of pilgrims, the management of waste products as well as fully capitalising on water and energy consumption. This study will make a contribution to the overall discussion regarding sustainable tourism practices in pilgrimage destinations by providing practical remedies to the reduction of any environmental impact without compromising on culture and spiritual heritage.

Grid assessment of community-driven renewable energy technology and storage integration in rural Yucatan, Mexico

This study develops an Internet of Things (IoT) system to support horticultural farming in Berjo Village, Karanganyar District. The system monitors soil parameters such as pH and moisture in real-time, aiding farmers in making informed decisions regarding fertilization and watering. The implementation aims to improve efficiency and crop yields of cultivated flowers, reducing losses caused by improper soil conditions. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of technology in transforming agriculture, demonstrating that IoT adoption offers innovative solutions to address unpredictable rainfall challenges and foster local interest in flower cultivation. Government support is crucial for the sustainability of this innovation, ensuring it benefits smallholder farmers and enhances agricultural productivity through advanced technology integration.

Hybrid threats require hybrid solutions: A roadmap for healthcare security.

The article reveals the key theoretical and methodological principles of managing vocational education institutions in the context of significant changes in the educational environment caused by the integration of digital technologies, dynamic labor market needs, and social transformations. The systemic challenges facing the administrative structures of vocational education institutions are analyzed, in particular, the issues of adapting internal management practices to new standards of pedagogical activity, ensuring the quality of educational services, and forming the ability for strategic development. The purpose of the presented work is to determine the features of modern approaches to managing vocational education institutions in the context of the transformation of the educational environment. The study analyzes modern management practices aimed at ensuring the quality of vocational training, effective interaction with employers, developing human resources, and integrating digital tools into management processes. The feasibility of using strategic, process, and partnership approaches to management as such, which allow vocational education institutions to respond promptly to external challenges and internal changes, is substantiated. The methodological basis of the article is a combination of analysis of scientific sources, generalization of practical experience in the management of educational institutions and systematization of modern approaches to the organization of educational activities. As a result, practical guidelines for improving management decisions in vocational education institutions are formulated, taking into account the conditions of transformation of the educational environment. The conclusions obtained can be used in the management activities of heads of educational institutions, in the process of developing educational strategies and training managerial personnel.

Education quality improvement has become easier with technology integration, particularly in science education. The impact of ICT integration on learning of students, and the challenges of ICT usage while considering specifically the perceptions of teachers, the study analyzed impact of ICT at secondary level science classrooms of public schools in Panjgur District. A quantitative method with a descriptive survey design was utilized. A sample of fifty science teachers at secondary level was drawn to complete a structured questionnaire for collecting data on their perceptions of ICT integration, its impact on students’ learning, and its usage barriers. Using 3 as a neutral scale-value, the descriptive statistics and one-sample t-test were utilized. Positive perceptions of teachers concerning integration of ICT is encouraging. It was equally encouraging that teachers felt ICT has positive impact on students’ learning in terms of knowledge, engagement, and learning particularly in science. However substantial barriers: lack of resources, deficient training, intermittent & poor Internet, mechanical problems, and lack of support from management, were reported by the teachers regarding ICT integration. For all three variables, mean scores were above the neutral for the public schools, also test results were significant at 0.1% significance level.

The rapid integration of digital technologies in the sphere of higher education has had an essential influence on the process of teaching and learning and imposed new psychological and cognitive requirements on students of universities. Even with the increasing technical infrastructure on the ground, student academic performance is increasingly reliant on internal factors, including their dispositions towards technology use and their self-beliefs on their capability to study. The proposed research aims at exploring the extent to which academic self-efficacy and technology attitudes of undergraduate students have a bearing on academic achievement at the University of Lahore, Pakistan. It is founded on the Self-Efficacy Theory developed by Bandura and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Quantitative correlational study was used to collect data on 404 undergraduate students in six academic departments using validated self-report questionnaires. The evaluation of academic success based on cumulative grade point average (CGPA) was used to assess academic performance of students. The multiple regression analysis, independent-samples t-tests, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were performed in SPSS (Version 27). Findings showed academic self-efficacy and technology attitudes explained 52% variance in academic attainment. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor, while females showed higher self-efficacy and more favorable technology attitudes.. The results support the paramount importance of the psychological preparation in the technology-enhanced learning space and emphasize the urgency of the institutional intervention increasing student confidence levels and engagement rates with digital technologies. The present research, policy and practice implications on higher education are discussed.

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, primary and acquired resistance remain major clinical challenges. Immune evasion in NSCLC is increasingly recognized as a complex, dynamic process driven by tumor heterogeneity and adaptive remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Conventional bulk profiling approaches are limited in resolving this complexity, underscoring the need for higher-resolution methodologies. Objective This review aims to synthesize current evidence on how single-cell transcriptomic approaches have advanced the understanding of immune evasion mechanisms in treatment-resistant NSCLC, with a focus on tumor-intrinsic programs, immune cell dysfunction, and intercellular communication networks. Methods A structured narrative review with systematic elements was conducted, analyzing peer-reviewed studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing and related single-cell technologies in human NSCLC. Studies were evaluated for their insights into immune escape pathways, resistance to immunotherapy, and translational relevance. Results Single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal profound intratumoral and immune heterogeneity in treatment-resistant NSCLC. Resistant tumors harbor distinct malignant cell states characterized by impaired antigen presentation, dysregulated interferon signaling, and lineage plasticity. Within the immune compartment, hierarchical T-cell exhaustion, depletion of progenitor-like exhausted T cells, and expansion of immunosuppressive myeloid populations—particularly tumor-associated macrophages—emerge as dominant features of resistance. Ligand–receptor interaction analyses further demonstrate coordinated immunosuppressive communication networks that sustain immune escape at a systems level. Several single-cell–defined cellular states correlate with poor response to immune checkpoint blockade and adverse clinical outcomes. Conclusion Single-cell transcriptomics has fundamentally reshaped the conceptual framework of immune resistance in NSCLC, redefining it as a multicellular, dynamic ecosystem rather than a single-pathway phenomenon. These insights provide a strong biological rationale for developing biomarker strategies and rational combination therapies that target both tumor-intrinsic adaptations and the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Continued integration of single-cell technologies into translational and clinical research is essential to overcome immunotherapy resistance and improve patient outcomes in NSCLC. Keywords: Non-small cell lung cancer; Single-cell RNA sequencing; Immune evasion; Immunotherapy resistance; Tumor microenvironment

Background: The growing integration of technology in education has made digital health literacy an essential skill for healthcare students. Academic stress and burnout are widely reported among healthcare undergraduates; however, their relationship with digital health literacy remains insufficiently explored, particularly in developing countries such as Pakistan. Objective: This study examined the association between digital health literacy, academic stress, and burnout among undergraduate healthcare students and assessed whether digital health literacy predicts burnout after controlling for demographic factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from January to June 2025 among 300 undergraduate healthcare students from private universities in Pakistan. Data were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire including demographics, the Digital Health Literacy Instrument, Perceived Stress Scale-10, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. Descriptive statistics, Shapiro–Wilk normality testing, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of burnout after adjusting for demographic variables, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 21.4±1.8 years, with females comprising 62% of the sample. Digital health literacy was significantly negatively correlated with academic stress (r= −0.34, p<0.001) and burnout (r= −0.29, p<0.001). Academic stress showed a strong positive correlation with burnout (r=0.63, p<0.001) and was the strongest predictor of burnout (β=0.56, p=0.001). Digital health literacy independently predicted lower burnout (β= −0.18, p=0.002). The model explained 46% of the variance in burnout. Conclusion: Higher digital health literacy is associated with reduced academic stress and burnout. Integrating digital health literacy training may improve student well-being and academic resilience.

Technology plays an indispensable role in improving the critical thinking skills of upcoming generations. It is a great tool to make learning more interesting and productive. This research was carried out to investigate how technology influences the development of critical thinking skills among Post Millennials or generation Z. The research was quantitative in nature, and the descriptive method was used. In descriptive method, the technique of cross-sectional survey was used for data collection. The entire BS students at different colleges of Kotli AJ&K constitute the population of the study. A sample of 300 students was drawn by the researcher from the sampling frame through a simple random sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire on Likert Scale was employed to gather the data. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was used for the analysis of the data collected. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to interpret the students' responses. The results show that digital technology level up the critical thinking skills of generation Z. The finding showed that identical mean scores tend toward the agreement statement. The use of digital technology widens the problem solving, decision making, and critical thinking skills to compete in the global market, which is the demand of the present era. Government is advised to set aside a generous amount of money for the integration of technology in learning and also to provide training programs and workshops for teachers who are digitally illiterate, so that they can understand and confidently implement technology for teaching.

This study investigates the perspectives of International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme teachers on the integration of educational technology into differentiated learning. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven experienced IB teachers, and the data were analyzed through descriptive phenomenological methods. Findings show that teachers generally support technology-enhanced differentiated instruction, noting that digital tools help tailor content to individual needs, increase student motivation, and improve academic performance. Participants emphasized that technology diversifies instructional strategies, strengthens deep learning, and encourages collaboration. However, challenges such as unequal access to devices, limited internet connectivity, inadequate technical infrastructure, and gaps in digital competence were identified as barriers to effective implementation. Overall, the study concludes that technology serves not only as a pedagogical support but also as a strategic element in designing inclusive and differentiated learning environments. It recommends ongoing professional development and improved infrastructure to ensure equitable and sustainable technology integration.

Against the backdrop of global shifts in health consumption paradigms and the accelerated internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine, the expansion of Chinese medicine health products into international markets has become a central issue for both industry development and the dissemination of Chinese culture. This paper systematically reviews core research findings in the field of international marketing for Chinese medicine health products from 2010 to 2024. It constructs a four-dimensional analytical framework “Environment-Strategy-Challenge-Outlook” to examine the international market environment from both policy/regulatory and consumer demand perspectives. The review summarizes research progress on three core marketing strategies: product, channel, and brand, and explores cultural perception barriers and market competition challenges.It examines the international market environment through the dual dimensions of policy regulations and consumer demand, reviews research progress on the three core marketing strategies of product, channel, and brand, and explores key challenges such as cultural perception barriers and market competition dynamics alongside potential breakthrough pathways. Findings indicate that while existing research has established a foundational framework, gaps remain in emerging market studies, empirical analyses of digital marketing, and in-depth exploration of cross-cultural communication mechanisms. Consequently, this paper proposes that future research should focus on directions such as digital technology integration, cross-cultural trust building, and international standard coordination, aiming to provide references for theoretical innovation and industrial practice in the international marketing of TCM health products.