Technologies In Russia Research Articles

Information Basis to Assess Russian Technological Security: Problems and Solutions

In this study we continue the research on the main indicators of Russia’s technological security assessment. In previous study we identified and outlined the main vulnerabilities in the information base for assessing technological development. In this article we will consider the ways to address the problems identified earlier in order to improve the information base and minimise threats to technological security. The methodological basis of the study comprises the normative documents defining the technological development of the Russian Federation, as well as the information base of its indicators. The authors analysed the main strategic documents to determine whether there is a methodological basis for calculating the indicators contained in them, the relevance of their target values and the consistency of planned values with the nature of their dynamics at the present time — to identify the possibility of achieving them. The authors assess the relationship between the level of depreciation of fixed assets in the regions of Russia and the degree of reconstruction and modernization of fixed assets. The article suggests directions of improvement of the information base of indicators, necessary for their improvement and updating.

Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Pulsed and Continuous 450 nm Laser Radiation on Tissue for Layered Removal of Pigmented Nevi

Benign pigmented skin lesions, including congenital giant pigmented nevi (CGPN), are pathological formations located in various skin layers and consisting of melanocyte clusters. CGPN represent a serious psychological and medical problem associated with extensive unaesthetic changes in the patient’s skin appearance. These lesions are currently treated by various methods, including laser radiation. However, such methods often render ineffective and lead to unsatisfactory clinical and aesthetic results, with the incidence of complications in the form of scarring and recurrence sometimes reaching 41%. Therefore, the problem of effective and appropriate treatment of this pathology is relevant, deserving further research. In this work, we conduct an experimental biomedical study into the effect of blue laser radiation with a wavelength (λ) of 450 nm on the tissues of laboratory animals in order to determine its prospects in the treatment of pigmented nevi, including CGPN. Blue laser radiation (λ — 450 nm) was generated by an Lasermed 10-03 device (Russian Engineering Club, LLC, Tula, Russia). An experimental biomedical in vitro research was performed on chilled samples of the liver and muscles of mini-pigs and in vivo on the pigmented skin of live laboratory rats. The dynamics of the regenerative wound process in the exposure areas was studied at different periods, i.e., immediately after exposure and following up to 90 days. A morphometric assessment of the exposure areas was carried out in terms of penetration depth and coagulation changes. The results obtained allowed determination of optimal parameters of 450 nm blue laser radiation for a precision removal of various pigmented skin formations. Laser radiation with a wavelength of 450 nm is a promising treatment approach for pigmented skin lesions, including CGPN.

Physical justification of the safety of using a surgical laser with a wavelength of 445nm during stapedoplasty

Abstract Introduction. Surgical lasers with different wavelengths are used in the surgical treatment of patients with otosclerosis. There are undoubted advantages of using surgical lasers during stapedoplasty at its various stages. At the same time, there is a risk of negative consequences for the structures of the inner ear due to the transition of light energy into thermal energy. Currently, the search for modern optimal surgical lasers for stapedoplasty continues. Aim ofthe study. To substantiate the safety of using a laser beam with a wavelength of 445nm during stapedoplasty using an experimental physical model. Materials and methods. Together with physicists from the Russian Engineering Club LLC, a physical experimental model was created to theoretically substantiate the use of a surgical laser with a wavelength of 445nm during stapedoplasty at its various stages. Results. Based on the physical calculations carried out during our study, we came to important conclusions regarding the effect of laser radiation on the structures of the inner ear during the stapedoplasty process. It was found that even if the value of the parasitic (damaging) radiation energy is 10 W (maximum value) with an average pulse duration used for perforation of the footplate of the stirrup is 0.15 s, then its effect will not lead to any significant thermal effect on the perilymph. Conclusions. The obtained data serve as a basis for further research and improvement of laser technologies in the field of otosurgery. As part of our study, we anticipate the need for additional histological analysis based on the results obtained. Despite encouraging findings regarding the safety of parasitic laser radiation in the context of thermal exposure to perilymph, histological examination represents an important next step for a deeper understanding of structural changes in the tissues of the inner ear.

Features of the use of digital technologies when teaching the Russian language to foreign citizens in Russian universities

Introduction. Currently, the education system around the world is undergoing a number of changes due to the active development of distance and digital learning technologies: learning is becoming more individualized, flexible, dynamic, and most importantly, technologically advanced. In these conditions, it seems necessary to rethink the role and specifics of using digital technologies when teaching Russian to foreign students. Materials and methods. The study involved 60 teachers of Russian as a foreign language aged from 25 to 67 years old, working at various universities in Russia: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg Mining University, Herzen State Pedagogical University, etc. The following methods were used: questionnaire method, comparative analysis, statistical method, systematization method, as well as a method of graphical presentation of data. Research results. The survey revealed that the majority of Russian as a foreign language teachers (78%) consider the digitalization of higher education to be a positive phenomenon, and 60% of respondents currently conduct their classes in a mixed mode. The most common digital tools used are basic computer programs (96%), instant messengers/email (85%), Internet resources (84%), platforms for conducting distance learning (81%) etc. The vast majority of respondents (95%) made changes to the process of teaching Russian language, taking into account the experience of the distance mode: they began to use the latest teaching methods, digital resources etc. 32% of survey participants believe that the use of electronic technologies is most relevant at the stage of skill building; speaking about teaching various types of speech activity and aspects of language, 80% of teachers noted that the use of electronic technologies is most appropriate when teaching listening and vocabulary. The majority of respondents believe that the use of digital technologies makes it possible to optimize control over the mastering of educational material. Conclusion. The obtained research results made it possible to identify and describe the most important aspects of the digitalization of higher education in the field of methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language, as well as to determine the prospects for further methodological study of the use of digital technologies in Russian as a foreign language classes.

Quantitative Assessments of the Liquefaction Hazard of Soils considering Possible Strong Earthquakes in Seismically Active Regions of Russia

Introduction The seismogenic liquefaction of the soil poses a great hazard to society and the environment. Therefore, it is actively studied in many countries. In Russian engineering and seismological practice, this area is not sufficiently developed. The deterministic approach still prevails in Russian research on this topic. More modern probabilistic estimates are very rare. Methods This paper describes examples of both deterministic and probabilistic assessments of the seismogenic liquefaction hazard performed in certain areas of the Russian territory with different seismogeological conditions. Deterministic estimates were made using the Iwasaki-Seed-Finn methods and their modifications. Probability distribution functions of a random variable, the “seismic potential of liquefaction” (SPL), were developed for probabilistic estimates. These functions are regional in nature and take into account two types of uncertainties. The first is the uncertainty in achieving “critical” values by the SPL value in the event of potentially dangerous earthquake sources for a given location. The second is the uncertainty in the very occurrence of these sources in a given place for a given period of time. The “critical” SPL values are determined by the strength properties of the site soils. All estimates are based on multivariate calculations using various models of strong ground motions and seismicity. In all cases, the probability of liquefaction of water-saturated sandy and sandy-loam deposits was estimated which were found near the seabed and at depths of up to 80 m in the waters of Pogibi cape (the coast of Sakhalin island), in the districts of Sochi and Novorossiysk, as well as in land conditions (Stavropol, Krasnodar). Results The results of the research made it possible to correctly (at the quantitative level) take into account this component of the seismic hazard of the studied territories. Conclusion The variants of practical use of the obtained data are offered. An assessment of the possibilities and limitations of the developed methodology is made, and ways to improve it are outlined.

Formation of legal conditions for the introduction of blockchain technologies in Russia as part of the transition to a new technological order in Russia

An analysis of the current level of technology development allows us to conclude about the increasing role of digital technologies in public relations. The object of the study is the social relations that arise in the process of implementing blockchain technologies during the transition to a new technological order. The new (sixth) technological order is a reproduction system in which digital technologies (big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence) affect management activities, industrial and economic relations. Special attention is paid to the assessment of the legal regulation of these relations as one of the conditions for the full-scale introduction of modern digital technologies. In this article, the authors set the task of formulating an idea about the conditions for the introduction of blockchain technologies as a factor in ensuring the transition of modern society to a new technological order, including the implementation of legal conditions. The research methods are general scientific and special methods, among them the use of analysis to identify key trends, patterns and problems related to the legal regulation of blockchain technologies, as well as a formal legal method to determine the features of strategic planning documents, concepts and regulatory legal acts as elements of the legal conditions for the introduction of blockchain technologies. It is noted that the introduction of these technologies requires a number of conditions, including the formation of proper legal regulation, ensuring a sufficient technological basis, creating social conditions – preparing the population for the use of new technologies, ensuring financial and political conditions for modernization. In addition, the development of human resources and the creation of organizational conditions will ensure the comprehensive implementation of these technologies in public relations. Based on the results of the analysis of legal acts, the authors conclude that the state policy and regulatory framework for the transition to a new technological order and the introduction of blockchain technologies in various spheres of life are currently being determined at the strategic, regulatory and conceptual levels. In addition, some promising areas of implementation of blockchain technologies in public relations, including in legal activities, are noted.

Banking financial technologies: Evolution of development in Russia

Subject. This article examines financial technologies used in the banking sector. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the practices of using financial technologies in the banking sector and determine the areas for their further development. Methods. For the study, I used description and classification, and the methods of cognition, including analysis and induction. Results. The article defines the level of development of financial technologies in Russia, their role in the functioning of the banking sector, the stages of development of banking financial technologies in Russia, and the main trends in the application of technological innovations in the activities of banks. Conclusions and Relevance. Financial technologies represent a huge potential for innovation in the banking sector. The results obtained can be useful for professionals in the field of banking and management, as well as for researchers interested in the impact of innovative technologies on the banking sector.

Проблемы законодательного регулирования объектов, созданных с использованием дипфейк-технологии в России и за рубежом

The article attempts to consider the issues of legal regulation and protection of new objects that arise in the process of developing creativity on the Internet. The authors examine the legal regulation of objects created using deepfake technology in Russia and abroad and substantiate why deepfake, under certain conditions, can be classified as such an object of copyright as a work. They consider the best practices in regulating deepfake technologies in various countries that have achieved the greatest success in legal regulation of deepfakes (USA, China and Singapore). The main conclusion of the article is the formulation of proposals for improving Russian legislation to regulate problematic issues associated with the creation of deepfakes.

Brazil as a promising market for Russian technologies in the field of digitalization of agriculture

Subject. The article addresses Brazil as an attractive market for Russian technology development in the area of agriculture digitalization, as this country is interested in using modern technologies to optimize processes in agriculture. Objectives. The study aims to examine the current level of digitalization of Brazilian agriculture and determine prospects for cooperation between Russia and Brazil in the application of information technology in this sector. Methods. The study draws on methods of statistical, comparative, and economic analyses. Results. Digitalization enables Brazil to increase agricultural productivity through precision farming, lower production costs, improve product quality by monitoring and control of growing conditions, and reduce harmful environmental impact. An integrated approach to the use of digital technologies also plays an important role. We formulated recommendations for agriculture development in Brazil based on the Russian experience of using digitalization tools. Conclusions. Brazilian agriculture is of great importance in ensuring food security not only in Brazil, but also in many other countries. Therefore, it is crucial to introduce modern technologies into this sector.

6<sup>th</sup> International conference “Development of Computer Engineering in Russia and Former USSR and COMECON Member Countries”

6<sup>th</sup> International conference “Development of Computer Engineering in Russia and Former USSR and COMECON Member Countries”

Some Problems with the Legal Regulation of the Relations in the Field of Medical Tissue Technologies in the Russian Federation

This article substantiates the need for shaping a separate legal system to regulate the relations in tissue banking, as well as biomedical tissue and hybrid technologies. The key problems that have been faced by biomedical and cellular tissue technologies in Russia were analyzed. The major deficiencies and contradictions regarding organ and tissue transplantation in the current Russian legal system were pointed out. First, there have been no federal laws governing the activities of tissue banks. Second, the procedures of human biomaterial donation for medical use remain uncontrolled. Third, there has been no consistency in the retrieval, storage, and transportation of human biomaterials. Finally, the list and legal status of organizations engaged in relevant activities and the legal regime of biological material used for these purposes have not been defined. The study focuses on the practical problems of tissue banks and innovative biomedical technologies that require a legislative initiative. Possible ways to overcome the identified contradictions and problems were discussed.

Интервью с юбиляром: доктору технических наук, профессору Киричеку Андрею Викторовичу – 60

In august 2024, the Vice-Rector of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Bryansk State Technical University, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Full Member of Tsiolkovsky Russian Academy of Cosmonautics, Corresponding Member of the Russian Engineering Academy and the Academy of Engineering Sciences of the Russian Federation Andrey Viktorovich Kirichek turns 60.

Financial innovations for economic growth

The article examines the impact of financial innovations to ensure economic growth. The authors attempt to reveal the essence of financial innovations. The directions in which the work on innovation for development is currently focused are considered. For the development of the Russian economy under sanctions, it is proposed to create a convenient and independent international settlement tool that will help reduce the damage from restrictions. One of the ways to solve this problem is the development and implementation of projects related to digital financial assets, such as the use of gold-backed stablecoins for international settlements. Other innovations in the financial sector are also being considered. The further introduction and development of financial innovations in Russia contributes to the renewal of the financial system, increasing the level of financial security and creating favorable conditions for economic growth. These steps can help mitigate the negative effects of sanctions and contribute to the sustainable development of the country's economy in the face of external pressure.

Valves materials for internal combustion engines

The main strategy for improving the efficiency of internal combustion engines is to increase the cylinder pressure, which inevitably leads to increased mechanical and thermal stress on key engine components, including the intake and exhaust valves. However, traditional materials used for engine valves today are being pushed to their limits. Thus, increasing the efficiency of the next generation internal combustion engines requires the development of new valve materials with a higher set of performance properties at elevated temperatures. The article discusses the operating conditions of engine valves and the requirements for valve materials. A comparative analysis of traditional Russian and foreign valve materials that are widely used today (martensitic and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys) has been performed. It is noted that Russian standards for valve materials contain recommendations for the use of certain steels for engine valves, which have long lost their market positions abroad due to their inherent shortcomings. On the other hand, some foreign materials specially developed for exhaust valves of diesel engines are not produced by Russian industry. A review of new generation valve materials developed by leading foreign companies in this field to replace expensive nickel-based alloys was carried out. It is noted that the development of new domestic cost-effective valve materials capable of operating under conditions of higher temperatures and pressures in more aggressive environments is an important scientific and technical problem, the solution of which is necessary for the accelerated development of the Russian engine industry

Status of Research in the Field of Plasma Physics and Plasma Technologies in Russia in 2023

Status of Research in the Field of Plasma Physics and Plasma Technologies in Russia in 2023

Tests in Moodle: optimizing the educational process for students of technical specialties

The article considers introduction and use of test items in Moodle system with the purpose of improvement. This study considers the challenges faced by university teachers and students of technical specialties in the modern educational environment. It emphasized the need to develop not only theoretical, but also practical skills. The role of electronic learning tools is highlighted, the importance of online platforms, namely the Moodle distance learning system, is emphasized. The main focus of the article is the application of tests on the Moodle platform in order to optimize the educational process and assess the performance of students of technical specialties. The study is the results of a survey of university teachers and students of Institute for Cybersecurity and Digital Technologies and Institute for Advanced Technologies and Industrial Programming of MIREA – Russian Technological University on the use of Moodle and the use of tests to assess knowledge. The work also covers various aspects of the use of Moodle in the educational process, focusing on the development of practical skills and effective assessment of learning achievement. University teachers shared their experience of using Moodle for educational purposes, identifying the advantages and features of introducing test items in the system. The students expressed their opinion about the perception of the platform as well as the level of satisfaction. The results of the survey were presented as quantitative and qualitative data and subsequently analysed statistically. It also focused on the advantages and limitations of using Moodle in technical education from the point of view of the participants in the process. These findings can be a valuable resource for educators as well as for platform developers seeking to improve functionality tailored to the needs of technical education programs.

Возможности и проблемы энергогенерации в Республике Тыва

RELEVANCE. The energy sector forms the basis for functioning of other economic sectors and social services. Presentday technologies of energy generation are based on using coal, gas, oil, hydro, nuclear and renewable sources. PURPOSE. Analysis of the current state of energy generation in the Republic of Tyva, identification of drivers for development and optimization of its structure. RESULTS. A review is made of the current global trends in energy generation. Directions for diversifying energy generation sources are proposed, e.g. using both imported and coal seam gas as well as hydro resources along with coal. CONCLUSIONS. Focusing on only one energy source reduces the energy security of the region. Energy shortages and the presence of costly diesel-based power generation hinder the economic development of the Republic of Tyva. In the republic that has extensive coal reserves, coal generation has to introduce modern “clean coal” technologies. A high share of thermal power plants in the structure of the coal-fired generation capacity will allow the development of cogeneration using innovative, environmentally friendly Russian technologies. Options for solving the challenge of energy shortage in Tuva in the future until 2035 are proposed.

High-tech industry development: selection of technology parks operation model elements in the field of high technology

The article presents the justification of model elements choice for technology parks work in the sphere of high technologies in Russia. The methodology for creating the model, which was built on the position of borrowing the best practices of existing models of innovation infrastructure facilities operation and functioning in the country, has been given. It has been proposed to form a rating among operating technology parks, within the framework of which a comprehensive assessment of technology park management companies’ performance has been carried out according to four groups of indicators (sub-indexes) such as subjects investment attractiveness, information openness, technology parks internal ecosystem, and management company efficiency. Based on the rating results, the leaders among technology parks have been identified, and their behavioral models adopted as reference metrics for the model to be developed. Based on the leaders’ position, it has been proposed to choose the best technology parks model in the field of high technologies in terms of their interaction with residents. Recommendations have been presented for the technology parks infrastructural model as the most promising for private companies, while investment projects should be developed considering federal requirements and standards to ensure their successful implementation and achievement of the set goals. Technology parks in the sphere of high technologies play a key role in Russian economy development. They contribute to the development of innovations, new technologies, high-tech industries, and knowledge-intensive business. It is important that such technology parks development is optimally organized with due regard to modern requirements and regulatory measures.

Socio-Economic Aspects of the Development of Medical Information Technologies in Russia

Introduction. The article explores current trends in the development of information technologies in healthcare, as well as the problems and needs that can be addressed through their implementation. In conclusion, it emphasizes the necessity of promoting and applying information technologies in the healthcare sector for socio-economic development, improvement of quality, and ensuring universal access to medical services. Purpose. The aim of this analysis was to examine current trends in the development of medical informatics in modern society. The primary focus was on application of information technologies in the healthcare sector, encompassing aspects such as computers, software, electronic medical records, telemedicine, and other innovative technologies. This analysis was focused on identifying current trends, changes, and innovations in the field of medical informatics, as well as understanding the impact of these technologies on the quality and efficiency of medical practice. Materials and Methods. An analysis of Russian and foreign open sources, including peer-reviewed specialized scientific journals, articles obtained from electronic search platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Elibrary.ru, as well as reports from Russian and international analytical companies from 2015 to 2023, was carried out. Results. The conducted analysis reveals challenges and prospects in the development and implementation of information technologies in Russian healthcare sector. Trends and development vectors in the digital technology sector were identified emphasizing the necessity of technology transfer from research to industry, internationalization of developments, creating conditions for attracting foreign investments to Russia, and protecting national strategic sectors.

Methodology for determining the durability of soil-cultivating machines working bodies of parts

The development and creation of high-performance machines for agricultural production is in many cases limited by the insufficient wear resistance of individual parts and assemblies. Russian scientists, engineers and technicians working on the problem of increasing the durability of machines have achieved significant results. However, theoretical conclusions and prerequisites for increasing durability and the method of calculating parts of agricultural machines for durability are not enough. The durability calculations of agricultural machine parts used in some cases during their design are imperfect. In addition, in most cases, there are no reasonable calculations of allowable wear that would ensure high quality machine operation, i.e. these calculations are not related to the tasks of preventive maintenance and operation of machines. A number of scientists have been studying the abrasive wear of working parts of soil-cultivating and seeding machines for decades, but this issue has not yet been finally resolved. Until now, there is no clear understanding of the essence of abrasive wear and the factors that determine it. Most of the work carried out on the study of abrasive wear of parts of working bodies of soil-cultivating machines is of a private nature. There are no works covering the study of the complex set of phenomena that occur during abrasive wear. At present, very little has been studied about the wear capacity of soils, there is no criterion that determines it, and there is no connection between the phenomena of wear of the working parts of soil-cultivating machines and the basic theoretical principles of agricultural mechanics. The study of the wear capacity of soils, as well as the determination of the magnitude of pressures that arise during the interaction of the working parts of agricultural machines with the soil, can be used when calculating the working parts of these machines for durability.